the sport of traversing environmental obstacles by running, climbing, or leaping rapidly and efficiently 

Parkour is a natural method for training the human body to be able to leap and move from place to place by climbing, jumping and flipping. This 'art of displacement' requires neither specific structures nor accessories for its practice

The body is the only tool. It takes perseverance, guts, and discipline, but the end is rewarding

Comfortable athletic clothing.Sweatpants, leggings, baggy's, track bottoms, tights, shorts etc- whatever you feel most comfortable training in. Your clothing must not limit your ability to move or have loose ends that may get caught.

1.stretch and warm up before and after playing parkour

2.know your capabilities,trying a high risk move with a technique you are not well trained in can be very dangerous 

There are more and more equipment in skydive, but here are some common equipment that we will easily identify it.

Risks
Skydiving is an exhilarating sports which contains 200km/h-240km/h of speed. If the skydivers make a small mistake or the equipment suddenly goes wrong, or even the uncontrollable conditions of the bad weather, the consequences may be terribly serious. All in all, the skydivers must check the equipment properly before skydive. For safety, it is best that the skydivers have good skills and health, to better cope with some unexpected emergencies.

Costs
It usually costs around $200-600 U.S. dollars which is most common price range, but different types of skydive cost differently.

After knowing these facts of skydiving, would  you like to have a try? You will get a certificate after finishing the skydive! Let’s try it and let the fear you have behind you!

The sleighs, also known as sled or sledge, used in the beginning were made of wood but modern day sleighs are made of steel, light metals and fibre glasses. The length of the sleigh must be a maximum of 3.80 metres (12.5 ft) for four-man sports and 2.70 metres (8.9 ft) in case of two –man sports. Bobsleigh crews are supposed weigh heavy in order to ensure great possible speed.
The maximum weight of a sleigh including the crews is 630kg (for four -man), 390kg (for two-man) and 340kg (for two-woman) including the additional metal weights. The Bobsleighs are designed as light as it could be to ensure dynamic movement of the crews during the turns of the course.

Previously a team used to consist of five to six crews which were reduced to two or four crews in 1930s. A four-man crew consists of a pilot, a brakeman and two pushers whereas in case of two-man crew, only a pilot and a brakeman are there. The crew is selected based on their strength and speed as initially the crew needs to push the sleigh to provide the initial boost to it which is considered as the competitive speed of the sleigh for the rest of the course.

The pilot steers the sleigh along the correct path, which produces greatest speed whereas the brakeman applies the brakes wherever necessary. The pushers help in providing additional force while pushing the sleigh at the beginning. 

Shoes

Shoes are made of synthetic materials. Specially designed shoes are used in bobsleigh. These shoes have spikes of maximum 4mm in size that are helpful during traction at the beginning of the game, when the player pushes the sleigh up to some distance in order to provide the initial boost.   

Push Handles

Many push handles are the on the sleigh itself which are used to push the sleigh at the beginning. The retractable side push handles are used to push the sleigh at the beginning.

Helmets

Helmets are a must for the players because of security reasons. These helmets are usually made of high tech plastic composites and are mainly used to avoid head injuries. Some helmets have a visor for the player’s eyes whereas others simply use goggles for eye protection.

Possible injuries
Volcanic ash and rocks can be dangerous, and riders can suffer cuts, bruises, or even serious injuries if they fall off the board, but there have been no volcano boarding deaths and very few volcano boarding accidents, so it’s quite safe

Price

The price of volcano boarding Cerro Negro is around $25 USD per person, plus you have to pay another $5 at the entrance to the volcano. If you want a local to carry your board up the volcano, that'll cost you another $5 USD.

Volcano boarding is very exciting, as it’s fast, exhilarating and dangerous. After receiving all this information about this extreme sport - volcano boarding, would you consider giving it an attempt? 

Equipment Required:
Parkour does not require any gear, hence its very dangerous for beginners and for experts. For less risk, starting with basic obstacles can help avoid any injuries.


Common Injuries:
-Foot and hand bruises
-Knee capitation
-Ankle sprain
-Broken wrist
-Skin abrasions
-Muscle injuries     (any body part)
-Dislocations         (any body part)
-Head and back injuries


Why Parkour??
Parkour offers many benefits, such as help developing strength, endurance, and flexibility as they run, jump, and climb. Parkour also promotes agility, balance, and coordination, which can be helpful in other sports and activities. It can also build confidence as you challenge yourself to do impossible jumps from different obstacles and realise self potential, strength and skills in other areas of life.

( Risks are reduced when you wear a helmet, shoulder and knee guards )

Before the year 2016, there had been 69 incidents reported. The first recorded one was in 1999, and the popularity of the sport slowly rised, causing more and more accidents. There were 38 in the year 2015. Statistics show that most incidents happen in late summer to early winter, and few in spring. Strong winds usually occurs from March to April, although injuries are less. I don't really know why.

Mindset

This crazy sport holds up a rigorous challenge with a slackline discipline, which mindset is far more important than anything. This involves a high knowledge of mental and physical ability, and a bold heart to continue going. To really know what it is, you need to stand on one, or have an experience similar to know what it is. You have to keep calming your heart down, try to stop sweating, and focusing so hard to keep going. This type of slack line provides an incredible adrenaline when tried for the first time, and will overcome many people’s fear of heights.

Here's a video of how this person calms himself down and slowly walks across the slackline:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmFg6I67tJQ
0:46-2:21  3:03-3:15

The crazier type of highlining: Highlining Freestyle

Normally, people just walk on this rope, already very fearful of falling down. People normally say, "Don't look down!" But you have to keep your eye on the rope. Highlining freestyle takes this up a notch, doing more crazy stunts on the rope. Handstands, flips under and over the rope, sitting down and bouncing on a trampoline, hanging on the rope and doing pull-ups and muscle-ups, all of these are very extreme.

Here's a video of highlining freestyle (he looks so fearless!):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obyxQ2FAAbY
0:15-2:00

Preparation

Highline rigging is a complex task that should always be accompanied by experienced riggers. 

Here are some fundamental safety principles:

The one thing that should not be done: Freesolo

What defines Highline Freesolo is that highliner is not equipped with harness or lifeline. In this regard, the risk of death is always present and the slightest mistake can be fatal. It is not a practice that, impressive as it may be, should be encouraged or celebrated. Fatalities have already happened and certainly were not the last. Remember I mentioned about highlining, and some people would dangle on a cord after falling. With freesolo, if that happens (because a gust of wind blew you off), you would fall down into a departure from life.

So, what do you think?

Do you think that highlining is dangerous? Is the fun worth the danger? Do you want to try highlining soon?

Information found from 
https://slacktivity.com/highlining-what-is-it/
and 
https://allaboutslackline.pt/en/highlining/
and a little from 
https://slacklineinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Accident-and-Injury-Report-2015-Final-EN.pdf

Equipments
-water blob/ air-filled cushion

- a personal flotation device (jacket type)/ life jacket
-a protective helmet
-1-2 boats boats for pickup and rescue

To learn more about blobbing, you can watch the video below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6NTkmMqRgI

 

Equipments
- A paragliding canopy or wing
- a harness
- spare parachute
-a helmet
-Gloves / Compass / Radio (Only if you want to)
- and appropriate shoes
- If so for sometimes, you might need a license

Mental Mindset
Some even ask, "Oh, is paragliding hard or scary?" Paragliding doesn't require much physical strength so it is not that hard if you have enough experience.

To be honest, yes, it is sometimes scary, but it teaches us to conquer our fears and to tell you "Fear is NOT real. The only place that fear can exist is in our thoughts of the future. It is a product of our imagination, causing us to fear things that, do not at present, and may not ever exist. That is near insanity... Now do not misunderstand me, danger is very real, but fear is a choice."
 
Risks (Possible Injuries)
Paragliding accidents can be deadly and often result in serious injury or death. Several things can cause a paragliding accident. Some of the most common paragliding injuries are caused by pilot error, equipment failure, and bad weather conditions. Pilot error is the leading cause of paragliding accidents, so its best to wear safety gear as shown above!
   

To learn more about paragliding techniques or basics you can watch the 3 Youtube videos shown below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhnUE-Bt5KM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA2PrnAZnrU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BddmYi-CM_U

 

Bungee jumping is one of the numerous extreme sports that exist today, which involves jumping from a tall structure while attached to an elastic cord. The cord stretches as the jumper falls, slowing their descent and allowing them to bounce back up before reaching the ground. Bungee jumping is a popular activity for thrill-seekers, and it can be done at locations all over the world.

History:

The modern sport of bungee jumping was invented in 1979 by a group of students at Oxford University in England. The students were inspired by the Pentecost ritual, and they experimented with different types of elastic cords until they found one that would allow them to jump safely from a high bridge. The first commercial bungee jumping operation opened in New Zealand in 1988. Ever since then, bungee jumping has essentially become a popular activity all over the globe.

How it works:

Bungee jumping is a relatively simple activity. The jumper is attached to an elastic cord that is anchored to a tall structure. The jumper stands on a platform and steps off the edge. The cord stretches as the jumper falls, slowing their descent and allowing them to bounce back up before reaching the ground. The jump is over when the cord reaches its full extension.

Safety:

There may exist numerous apprehensions regarding this sport, but it is worth mentioning that Bungee jumping is a safe activity when done properly. However, there is always some risk involved. The most common injuries associated with bungee jumping are bruises, sprains, and cuts. More serious injuries, such as spinal cord injuries, are rare.

Equipments:

Bungee cord, body harness and and helmet are required for bungee jumping to ensure the safety of the jumper.
Tips for bungee jumping

How to play

You’ve got the gear, you’ve got your ticket, you’re ready to ride the lifts, what comes next? The fun part of course! At its core, snowboarding is all about making turns to control your speed down a hill. Turns don’t just change the direction you’re going, they slow you down too. If you take a lesson, your instructor will go over all of this with you, but if you don’t, here’s some basics to keep in mind.

Making turns on a snowboard requires a special rhythm led by your front foot, followed back your back foot. You need to roll your hips so that you pressure your front foot into the turn first, then you back foot immediately tilts in and follows. Eventually that timing will become natural, but when you’re starting out, it’s important to weight the front foot as you start to lean into the turn, and then consciously weight the back foot to bring you through.

Going faster than you’re comfortable with on a snowboard is easy. Stopping is the hard part. Before you leave the bunny hill you need to learn how to stop on both your toe and heelside edges. Stopping is just a more aggressive turn that instead of just slowing you down, brings you to a complete stop with your board across the slope. To stop you want to pivot your board and body aggressively across the slope, putting all your weight on the uphill edge. You might fall down the first few times you try it, but eventually you’ll figure out the right balance and be able to stop safely in any situation.

What to wear during snowboarding

Bring more clothes than you think you need. You don’t lose anything by stockpiling a few warm layers, and extra gloves in your car, and you could end up being really grateful you did.Don’t Wear Cotton Skiing. There’s an old adage in the outdoor world “cotton kills.” That’s because when cotton clothes get wet, either from snow, or sweat, they take forever to dry out, and they lose all of their insulation. So you end up cold and wet immediately. Don’t wear anything cotton. Instead wear wool or synthetic socks, underwear, and insulating layers.Dress for the Chairlift. Often snowboarders dress like they would to go sledding or ice skating. That’s a bad idea. For those sports you’re moving most of the time and stay naturally warmer. As a boarder, you’ll spend a lot of time on the chairlift. That means you’ll be sitting out in the cold, off the ground, potentially with a cool breeze blowing. Wear warm enough clothes that you’d be comfortable sitting still outside. You will be.

How to play

You’ve got the gear, you’ve got your ticket, you’re ready to ride the lifts, what comes next? The fun part of course! At its core, snowboarding is all about making turns to control your speed down a hill. Turns don’t just change the direction you’re going, they slow you down too. If you take a lesson, your instructor will go over all of this with you, but if you don’t, here’s some basics to keep in mind.

Making turns on a snowboard requires a special rhythm led by your front foot, followed back your back foot. You need to roll your hips so that you pressure your front foot into the turn first, then you back foot immediately tilts in and follows. Eventually that timing will become natural, but when you’re starting out, it’s important to weight the front foot as you start to lean into the turn, and then consciously weight the back foot to bring you through.

Going faster than you’re comfortable with on a snowboard is easy. Stopping is the hard part. Before you leave the bunny hill you need to learn how to stop on both your toe and heelside edges. Stopping is just a more aggressive turn that instead of just slowing you down, brings you to a complete stop with your board across the slope. To stop you want to pivot your board and body aggressively across the slope, putting all your weight on the uphill edge. You might fall down the first few times you try it, but eventually you’ll figure out the right balance and be able to stop safely in any situation.

What to wear during snowboarding

Bring more clothes than you think you need. You don’t lose anything by stockpiling a few warm layers, and extra gloves in your car, and you could end up being really grateful you did.Don’t Wear Cotton Skiing. There’s an old adage in the outdoor world “cotton kills.” That’s because when cotton clothes get wet, either from snow, or sweat, they take forever to dry out, and they lose all of their insulation. So you end up cold and wet immediately. Don’t wear anything cotton. Instead wear wool or synthetic socks, underwear, and insulating layers.Dress for the Chairlift. Often snowboarders dress like they would to go sledding or ice skating. That’s a bad idea. For those sports you’re moving most of the time and stay naturally warmer. As a boarder, you’ll spend a lot of time on the chairlift. That means you’ll be sitting out in the cold, off the ground, potentially with a cool breeze blowing. Wear warm enough clothes that you’d be comfortable sitting still outside. You will be.

Recreational scuba diverThe undersea kelp forest of Ana Capa off of the coast of Oxnard, CaliforniaDiver looking at a shipwreck in the Caribbean Sea.

Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a diving regulator. They may include additional cylinders for range extension, decompression gas or emergency breathing gas.^[3] Closed-circuit or semi-closed circuit rebreatherscuba systems allow recycling of exhaled gases. The volume of gas used is reduced compared to that of open circuit, so a smaller cylinder or cylinders may be used for an equivalent dive duration. Rebreathers extend the time spent underwater compared to open circuit for the same gas consumption; they produce fewer bubbles and less noise than open circuit scuba which makes them attractive to covert military divers to avoid detection, scientific divers to avoid disturbing marine animals, and media divers to avoid bubble interference.^[1]

Scuba diving may be done recreationally or professionally in a number of applications, including scientific, military and public safety roles, but most commercial diving uses surface-supplied diving equipment when this is practicable. Scuba divers engaged in armed forces covert operations may be referred to as frogmen, combat divers or attack swimmers.^[4]

A scuba diver primarily moves underwater by using fins attached to the feet, but external propulsion can be provided by a diver propulsion vehicle, or a sled pulled from the surface.^[5] Other equipment needed for scuba diving includes a mask to improve underwater vision, exposure protection by means of a diving suit, ballast weights to overcome excess buoyancy, equipment to control buoyancy, and equipment related to the specific circumstances and purpose of the dive, which may include a snorkel when swimming on the surface, a cutting tool to manage entanglement, lights, a dive computer to monitor decompression status, and signalling devices. Scuba divers are trained in the procedures and skills appropriate to their level of certification by diving instructors affiliated to the diver certification organisations which issue these certifications.^[6] These include standard operating procedures for using the equipment and dealing with the general hazards of the underwater environment, and emergency procedures for self-help and assistance of a similarly equipped diver experiencing problems. A minimum level of fitness and health is required by most training organisations, but a higher level of fitness may be appropriate for some applications.^[7]