2.  Transcription is the process by which the enzyme ______________________ forms a molecule of _________.

3.  RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the in ____________ direction, so it reads the template DNA strand in the _______________ direction.

4.  Other names for the template DNA strand are _______________  or  _____________ or ______________.

5.  Describe the function of the three types of RNA molecules in the video.

6.  What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

* STOP the video at 5:46!  Write out your answer to the question here (not just A, B, C or D, write out the answer in words!) *

7.  Often it helps your learning if you explain why the incorrect answers are wrong. Below explain why answer choices A and B in the previous question are incorrect - use complete sentences in your answer.

2.  What modification is made to the 5’ end of the mRNA transcript?  What purposes does it serve?

3.  Explain the difference between introns and exons.

4.  How does alternative splicing lead to different proteins from the same gene?

5.  STOP! Pause the video at 4:55, write out your answer to the question here:

1.  Translation generates ___________________

2.  How is the location of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes different?

3.  Describe the three main steps in translation.

4.  How is retroviral translation different?

5.  Nearly all organisms use the same __________  _______.  This is evidence of ______________  ___________

2.  What are regulatory sequences and what is their function?  (do NOT use the word “regulate” in your answer!)

3.  What is the function of regulatory proteins?

4.  The interaction of ______________  __________________ with ______________ ___________________________ controls ___________________

5.  Are epigenetic changes reversible?

6.  How are histones involved in regulation of gene expression? 

7.  All cells in your body have the same ______________________

8.  What gives a cell in a tissue its function?

9.  What is cell differentiation?

10. What is the function of transcription factors?  How does this relate to cell differentiation?

2.  What is the function of the operator?

3.  Why is the lac operon called an “inducible” operon?

4.  Explain how the regulatory protein inhibits transcription of the lac operon.

5.  What are inducers?  Explain how allolactose allows transcription to occur.

6. When glucose levels are _____________ transcription factors promote transcription of the lac operon.