Prior to the development of Milstein and Köhler's hybridoma technique, scientists had struggled to produce large amounts of single antibody clones because of the difficulty of growing antibody-producing B cells in culture. Milstein and Köhler overcame this problem by fusing spleen cells derived from mice immunized with a specific antigen to immortalized myeloma cells, a technique that enabled production of antigen-specific antibody in culture indefinitely. Their innovative hybridoma technique became a cornerstone of immunology and molecular biology research, and Milstein became one of the most highly regarded scientists of his time.

After mastering how to produce specific antibodies reliably and efficiently in culture, Milstein turned his attention to fostering the use of monoclonal antibodies as a fundamental research tool. He and his colleagues identified monoclonal antibodies that could bind to discrete cell surface markers. This development revolutionized the way different cell types could be characterized and identified, and it paved the way for their therapeutic use. "It is not an exaggeration to describe César Milstein's contribution to science and medicine as the most important immunological advance of the century," wrote Abraham Karpas, assistant director of research in the Department of Haematology at the University of Cambridge. "His discovery of the method to produce monoclonal antibodies reinvented the field of immunology. The ability to make monoclonal antibodies at will in the test tube and in unlimited quantities, to any sort of antigen—whether an interesting chemical, infectious microorganism, cancer or normal cells—opened numerous new and unforeseen avenues for research, many with

She is a spacecraft engineer for NASA’s signature space mission, the James Webb Space Telescope. As a spacecraft engineer an important part of her work is to test the ground systems that will command and control the telescope after it has been launched into space. The telescope is set to launch in 2021 and  will be used to discover new planets and the first stars after the dark ages.  The National Science Foundation awarded her a full college scholarship to the Capitol Technology University (CTU) in Laurel, MD.  Scarlin completed a internship at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, and by the age of 20, she was part of the ground control system team for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite.  In 2013, she earned a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering, but she found her real niche in Astronautical Engineering.  After graduation, Scarlin was the mission planning lead for the TRMM mission before transferring to work on the James Webb Space Telescope mission.