I chose this annotation because I felt it was important to note that studies on the general use of AI in higher education (HE) has skyrocketed, considering the fact that AI use has also skyrocketed.

"Concerns around the use of AI include the worry that students using these tools in their learning may not develop the skills and knowledge required..."

I chose this annotation because it highlights that professionals are also concerned about how the use of AI can affect knowledge development and application.

"...65% of mental health professionals perceived the benefit of using chatbots to support patients but 86% believed that these tools were not sufficient to support patient mental health..."

I included this annotation because it highlights the results of a previous study asking professional psychologists and counselors on their opinion of AI use in the mental health capacity, and how AI cannot simply replace the benefits of real-life bonds and connections and how they affect our mental health.

"There was a shared belief that students using AI tools in C&P training may demonstrate a lack of integrity... compromising their ability to be ethical practitioners...

Lastly, I chose this annotation simply because it was a result of this study highlighting students’ perspectives on the use of AI in their professional development, and how there is a shared concern about the lack of integrity included in using AI for coursework, as this doesn’t represent the morals of a psychotherapist or counselor.

I felt this was an appropriate statement to highlight because it focuses on the idea that implementation of AI in schools is thoroughly under-researched, and is mainly implemented due to new governmental standards.

"Even seventh graders can see artificial intelligence is a lesser form of care and attention... has the potential to chip away at their trust of the educational process, from the moment they start kindergarten..."

This was an amazing opening statement, because while it seems silly and unimportant to these young students at the time, it says a lot more about the mistrust that AI creates in the classroom than words can say.

"'AI encourages surface perfectionism without developign the tools and stamina necessary for true critical thinking,'"

I felt these statements were important because it came from the perspective of a students’ parent, and found it incredibly dystopian that her children were exposed to Google in Kindergarten rather than teaching themselves to read.

"... Students with access to generative AI did much better on practice tests for which they could use AI. But when all of the students were given an exam with no access to AI, the control group with old-school study resources outperformed the group who studied with AI,"

Lastly, I felt these statements and research puts into perspective just how damaging AI use can be to critical thinking, problem solving, and studying techniques, all of which become more important the older an individual gets.

I chose this quote because it depicts the innate stress that AI usage brings to students and prospective workers in the modern-day workforce.

"'The rise in AI usage forces institutions to see AI as core infrastructure rather than a tool,'"

I chose this quote from a CEO of the Digital Education Council because not only is it a valid perspective from a professional in the field, but also because the more AI tools become an influence in education the more damage it could do to students.

"Students have expectations and preferences for AI applications and integrations... with 80% of students saying that AI in universities are not fully meeting expectations,"

I chose to include this quote because it shows that while students do use AI as a learning tool, but don't completely trust it's work or the use of it in curriculum.

"Over 50% of students also believe that over-reliance on AI will negatively impact their academic performance, and that over-reliance in teaching decreases the value they receive from their education,"

This quote demonstrates the mistrust that is already building against the use of AI in teaching and learning experienced my students and teachers.

I chose this quote because it highlights what could be beneficial in terms of using AI in education, specifically for teachers to lighten the workload and stress.

"[AI in education] has traditionally referred to intelligent tutors that help automate students' learning and track their progress so that teachers can offer personalized assistance,"

I chose this quote because it brought forward a great point in that if teachers' workload is mostly reliant on AI usage, then teachers have more time to interact with students on a personal, more meaningful level to assist with their learning.

"Although recent research effort has been put to address the need of fostering students' AI competencies, rarely do studies reveal what digital competencies teachers need to become ready in an AI-driven learning environment,"

I thought this was an interesting quote because most of what you hear about AI in education is how it does or doesn't help students, and not so much about what AI can do for teachers.

"Among digital technologies, the use of AIED technology for online learning has become more popular than before to help educators to address teaching challenges such as social isolation, heavy workload and students' lack of motivation,"

I chose this quote because it was a direct source of help that can be identified using AI technology in the classroom, specifically during times of online learning such as the pandemic.

I chose to highlight this theory because when students use AI generative technology for assignments and it goes unseen by teachers, then it may increase the likelihood of them continuing to use it for their assignments.

"Social Learning Theory... suggests that people learn by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior... introduced the concept of self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's belief in their ability to perform a task,"

I felt that this was another example of a working theory in the usage of AI, because when students don't have confidence in themselves and their ability to do their assignments without some sort of assistance, and they witness other students using AI for their assignments, it may make them feel more confident about using AI for their work.

"Informational Processing Theory... How individuals record, store, and retrieve information in their brains is defined in the Informational Processing Theory. This affect the motivation and the behavior of a person,"

I highlighted this theory because when students lose confidence in their ability to retrieve and store information, they may chose to rely on AI to fill gaps of knowledge.

"Socio-Cultural Theory... Social instability is a deterrence that limits individuals from forming positive identities, giving rise then to consideration for basic, short-term objectives and goals..."

I chose this quote because I thought it was an interesting perspective into, again, a lack of confidence and strength thus resulting in students relying on AI technology for short-term results on assignments.

I felt this quote was important because it brings forth a valid point in terms of using AI to a students and a teachers benefit, in that offering automatic feedback can free up time for teachers to give more of their class time to helping students with other areas of concern, and also helps students save time on a scale from attending office hours or emails late at night before the assignment is due.

"The advent and growing use of AI in classrooms lends itself to discussions regarding critical thinking and ethical considerations. Students are naturally intrigued by AI. The rich discussions that you can facilitate can help them grow and develop as thinkers and learners,"

I thought this quote was important to highlight because AI is generally an inquisitive tool, and can definitely be used as a conversation starter from simply offering a prompt to answer, to asking deep, meaningful questions.

"AI has powerful tools that make previously inaccessible material available to students with special needs. Tools that offer text-to-speech, visual recognition, speech recognition, and more can help teachers adapt resources so that all students have an equal learning opportunity,"

Tools and technology offered by AI can absolutely improve learning experiences for students with learning or physical disabilities, such as a student who is blind or a student with dyslexia.

"Through AI-powered platforms, you can create lessons, activities, assessments, discussion prompts, and presentations simply by providing a short prompt with keywords,"

I felt this was also a valid point to make, because more recently teachers are experiencing burnout because of the lack of response from students because the lesson just isn't interesting or automatically rewarding.

I thought this was an interesting quote to include because it's such a small intricacy that may relatively go unnoticed by students, adding to the idea that AI is not as reliable as we may think for answering certain prompts.

"[A professor] has seen similar shortcomings when using AI in class. He notes that some students use the technology to generate assignments with minimal personal effort, risking over-reliance on the tool,"

This is one of the more valuable points of my personal argument, in that AI can benefit students that need small, specific amounts of help on assignments, but it can become very easy to rely on, despite the fact that the system itself is not built on fully reliable information.

"'Once we experience how convenient it is — especially for the fundamentals — it’s tempting to rely on it too much,' Bejarano explains... 'This bypasses the critical thinking and problem-solving skills they’re supposed to develop,'"

This is another quote from a professor highlighted in the article, further noting that AI could cause damage to learning processes and skills needed for success in higher education courses.

"Bejarano notes that many students fear AI will replace their future jobs, particularly in fields where automation is common — like computer science,"

I wanted to include this quote because it represents a large concern for higher education students, in that the common day workforce is at odds with the development of AI, which could possibly lead to higher dropout or incompletion rates.