https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529 en-us 2022-07-05 19:48:31 UTC 2025-11-14 03:28:25 UTC hello@padlet.com amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237485012 Special Instruction for Handicapped Children of School Age was passed in Minnesota in 1957 and required that special education was to be provided to children with disabilities. This made Minnesota one of the first states to pass a law requiring special education in the schools and created a movement to provide special education in other states, as well. Prior to this law, children with disabilities did not attend school, they stayed home or were institutionalized. ]]> 2022-07-05 20:03:11 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237485012 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237494623 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was signed in 1965. This allows federal funding for primary and secondary education and a national curriculum, while holding schools accountable and increasing educational equality. This Act covered low income families, homeless, and families who spoke minimal English. ESEA was able to improve schools and give these families access to more resources. Schools that demonstrated needs received more funding, in hopes that test scores and the quality of education for students would increase. Title VI of the Act was allocated to handicapped children, and programs that would help strengthen the education these children.]]> 2022-07-05 20:29:58 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237494623 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237496825 The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was enacted by Congress in 1975 in order to help states protect the rights and meet the needs of infants and children with disabilities. This also protected the children's families as well. This later became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990. Since the law was first passed in 1975, more children have been able to receive an education in their neighborhood school, rather than being sent elsewhere.  After the reauthorization in 1990, TBI and autism were added as disability categories. Congress also made that an individual transition plan must be created along with an individualized education program, to help with transition. Another main takeaway from IDEA is the right children with disabilities have to a free and public education (FAPE). This education is to be given in the least restrictive environment (LRE).]]> 2022-07-05 20:37:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237496825 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237502442 No Child Left Behind was used as the main K-12 general education law from 2002-2015, where it became ESSA, or Every Student Succeeds Act. The purpose of this was to hold schools accountable for the achievement of the children, while penalizing schools that did not show improvement. Prior to NCLB, children who received special education were excluded from general education and state testing. NCLB was to provide equal educational opportunities to students receiving special education, students in poverty, students of color, and students who spoke and understood limited/no English. In 2015, NCLB became ESSA. ]]> 2022-07-05 20:54:58 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237502442 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237506592 In 2015, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) became the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). The name change was followed by reauthorization. Some provisions include increasing access to high quality preschools, holding expectations and accountability to effect change in schools where no progress is being made, and providing important information to students, educators, and families to measure students progress. ESSA allowed for state-developed unique plans to close achievement gaps, increase equity, and strengthen the quality of education, leading to increased outcomes for all students. ]]> 2022-07-05 21:08:27 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237506592 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237508912 In 1972, it was ruled that even if the child and family can not afford an education, the child can not be denied one because of "mental, behavioral, physical, or emotional handicaps of deficiencies". This was groundbreaking because the judge said that even if the funds are not present, they need to be expended that way no child is excluded from a public education regardless of the resources or needs that the student requires. ]]> 2022-07-05 21:14:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237508912 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237511216 In 1982, the US Supreme Court decided that IDEA allotted for the instruction and services provided to children to benefit educationally from instruction they received. This court case showed the importance of children receiving a free appropriate public education (FAPE). The case also gave the schools the right to determine what is needed to meet students with disabilities needs. Amy Rowley, a deaf student, was denied an interpreter because the school administrators decided she could succeed in school without one, but her parents said that was a violation of EAHCA. The Supreme Court decided that even though Amy Rowley was doing well in school, she was not doing as well as she could if she had a sign language interpreter.]]> 2022-07-05 21:22:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237511216 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237517262 This court case stated that separate is NOT equal, when in reference to black vs. white students in schools. What many do not realize, is that this landmark case also opened the door for discussions regarding special needs students vs. general education students. This led to groups formed to inform the people about the lack of inclusivity within special education programs. ]]> 2022-07-05 21:40:04 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237517262 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237521021 In 1988, according to the US Supreme Court, a California school board violated IDEA (formerly known as EAHCA), because they suspended a student indefinitely for disruptive behavior that was attributed to their disability. The court decided the state must provide direct services to students when the school board is lacking. ]]> 2022-07-05 21:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237521021 amberjones1294 https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237525030 Dr. Samuel B. Kirk created the model of learning disabilities and based on the work he did, the Headstart program was funded and authorized. Headstart provides education, health, and social services to low income preschoolers, and also helps provide resources to parents and children who might possibly have an IEP and/or learning disability. ]]> 2022-07-05 22:02:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amberjones1294/s7efmfp6r2dat529/wish/2237525030