https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC Please post all your findings in this Padlet and make comments and suggestions. en-us 2017-03-14 12:55:19 UTC 2023-10-14 16:26:37 UTC hello@padlet.com hafizahaisyah97 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162111435 These bacteria can often be found as the cause of pneumonia in hospitalized patients, especially those dependent on ventilators in Intensive Care Units. The bacteria are most often contracted through the exposure of open wounds to contaminated soil. This makes it a problem during warfare (it was the second-leading cause of infection among troops during the Vietnam conflict) because of the high number of injuries caused by explosives, which can easily lead to dirtying exposed skin. In healthy humans, it is normal to have some amount of Acinetobacter on the skin surface; as many as 25% of healthy adults do in fact harbor these bacteria.

]]> 2017-03-23 13:10:59 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162111435 nurainasyazana3 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162347114 2017-03-24 09:31:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162347114 nurainasyazana3 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162347978 2017-03-24 09:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162347978 nurainasyazana3 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162348808 2017-03-24 09:38:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162348808 hafizahaisyah97 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162360421 Acinetobacter is a genus of opportunistic pathogens in the proteobacteria group, species of which are distributed in widespread, diverse habitats. It has garnered media attention because of an outbreak among soldiers in Iraq who contracted the species Acinetobacter baumannii. While it was initially thought that the bacteria had come from the Iraqi soil, it turns out that the bacteria were actually contracted in the military's evacuation chain. At least 280 people, mostly soldiers returning from the battlefield, were infected with the disease, and at least 5 (non-active-duty soldiers) died.]]> 2017-03-24 10:33:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162360421 nurul_fatimah075 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162451110 2017-03-24 15:36:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/162451110 hafizahaisyah97 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/163285791  You may not know that you have an Acinetobacter infection until you get sick with one of the following:

• Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Acinetobacter baumannii can get into your lungs through your mouth or nose. It may cause pneumonia if you have been in the ICU or if you are on a ventilator.
• Blood infection: A blood infection may occur if the germ enters through a catheter placed in your vein. It can also happen when an infection from another place in your body spreads to your blood.
• Meningitis: Meningitis is an infection of the brain or spinal cord. This may happen after surgery that was done on your brain or spine. It may also happen if you have a shunt or drain in your head.
• Urinary tract infection: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. This may happen when the germ enters your body where you urinate. It may also enter through a catheter that is used to drain your urine.
• Skin or wound infection: Any skin opening or wound can get infected with the germ

]]> 2017-03-29 00:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/163285791 nurul_fatimah075 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/165557810  -have a disease such as diabetes or COPD
-You have a weak immune system. Your immune system helps protect you from getting sick. It may be weak because of you are ill or have had recent surgery.
-You use poor hygiene. This includes not washing your hands well or long enough.
-You have been in the intensive care unit (ICU) or have been on a ventilator (breathing machine).
-You have had a recent surgery or procedure. You are also at higher risk if you have open wounds caused by an accident or injury.
-You have been near someone who has Acinetobacter baumannii.
-You have taken antibiotic medicine recently.
-You have a catheter. This may include a Foley or central venous catheter.]]> 2017-04-09 15:37:43 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/165557810 nurul_fatimah075 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/165557995 =Culture: A sample of your blood, urine, or tissue is sent to the lab. A culture may show which germ is causing your infection.
=Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray is a picture of your lungs and heart. Your healthcare provider may use an x-ray to look for signs of pneumonia or other infections.
=Lumbar puncture: Healthcare providers collect a sample of fluid from around your spinal cord using a needle. The fluid is sent to a lab for tests. This test may be done to check for infection, bleeding around your spinal cord, and other problems.

]]> 2017-04-09 15:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/165557995 bociulis https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454385 Short, rod-shaped (but forms coccobacilli during stationary phase), gram-negative bacterium with type IV pili; pleomorphic (able to change shape) and non-motile; 1-1.5 x 1.5-2 microns

Encapsulated with surface polysaccharides which enable serum resistance in the bacterium

On outer cell membrane contains porins and efflux channels that promote antibiotic resistnace as they assist the bacterium in exporting toxins

Efflux pumps excrete chemicals and antibiotics. Examples include: Tet(A) and Tet(B) and resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)

Tet(A) and Tet (B) which exchange protons and tetracycline to generate resistance; part of major facilitator superfamily (MFS

RND - encoded by gene adeB which promotes aminoglycoside resistance


]]> 2017-04-16 06:43:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454385 bociulis https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454611 Gram negative double cell membrane with thin wall of peptidoglycan 

Cell wall is not static but alters its thickness and shape depending (pleomorphic) on environment 

In dry conditions will increase cell wall thickness and switch from rod-shaped to cocci through a drop in rate of cell divison ]]> 2017-04-16 06:53:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454611 bociulis https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454990 2017-04-16 07:00:17 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166454990 newsomsc https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659275 2017-04-18 01:32:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659275 newsomsc https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659348 2017-04-18 01:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659348 newsomsc https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659381 2017-04-18 01:34:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659381 newsomsc https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659547 2017-04-18 01:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/166659547 https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/168537533 Patterson's condition worsened and he was medevacked to Frankfurt, Germany Dec. 3, 2015, where doctors discovered a pancreatic pseudocyst, a collection of fluid around the pancreas. The fluid was drained and the contents cultured. Patterson had become infected with a multidrug-resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic and often deadly pathogen. The bacterium has proved particularly problematic in hospital settings and in the Middle East, with many injured veterans and soldiers returning to the U.S. with persistent infections.]]> 2017-04-27 03:32:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nurainasyazana3/virtualmicrobeUPMLC/wish/168537533