Renal System Revision by Vinosh Kumar https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y en-us 2019-04-23 04:15:57 UTC 2025-11-21 17:10:04 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3ac.png https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242217 3 stages in the process of urine formation]]> 2019-04-23 04:21:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242217 What have i learnt i19016787 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242356 One of the topics i have learnt from this chapter is urine formation. Urine formation in the kidney involves ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion which occurs in the nephrons of the kidney. ]]> 2019-04-23 04:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242356 Renal System https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242389 Nephron structure]]> 2019-04-23 04:21:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242389 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242489 Function: filter blood and create urine as waste products]]> 2019-04-23 04:22:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242489 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242490 Glomerular filtration
Selective absorption
Tubular secretion]]> 2019-04-23 04:22:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242490 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242536 Glomerular filtration
Selective reabsorption
Tubular secretion]]> 2019-04-23 04:22:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242536 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242597 Glomerular filtration, selection reabsorption and tubular secretion]]> 2019-04-23 04:22:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242597 Ehhh https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242623 Blood supply : Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery- actuate artery- interlobular artery- afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferent arteriole peritubular capillary- vasa recta]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:01 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242623 Process kenneth_saw123 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242653 i learnt about the structure of the nephron as well as the process of producing urine.Besides that, learning about metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242653 Huhuhuhuhuhu i19016603 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242662 Renal system consist of kidney ,ureter, urinary bladder, urethra. Kidney consists of renal tubule and glomerulus at the renal cortex and loop of Henle and collecting duct at the renal medulla]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242662 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242680 Their function is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242680 ACID-BASED BALANCE https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242729 BUFFERS ARE CHEMICALS THAT RESIST IN CHANGE OF pH SOLUTION]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242729 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242763 Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis 
Respiratory acidosis 
Respiratory alkalosis ]]> 2019-04-23 04:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242763 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242811 Micturition reflexes]]> 2019-04-23 04:24:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242811 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242823 It has two sphincters controlling the bladder. 
The internal and external sphincter]]> 2019-04-23 04:24:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242823 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242835 Metabolic Acidosis- the decrease ability of kidney to excrete acid.
Metabolic Acidosis- decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3)]]> 2019-04-23 04:24:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242835 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242861 PaCO2 is related to respiratory symptoms; HCO3 is related to metabolic symptoms ]]> 2019-04-23 04:24:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353242861 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243018 Atonic bladder vs automatic bladder]]> 2019-04-23 04:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243018 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243036 Stage of Urine Formation 
1. Glumerular Filtration - supply blood to the glomerulus and filtrate useful minerals and waste products
2. Selective Reabsorbtion - reabsorb all glucose, most water and some salt at the from the proximal tubule to the collecting duct
3. Tubular Secretion - Urinary Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorbtion + Secretion]]> 2019-04-23 04:25:19 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243036 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243144 Hypertension: the patient can't take salt(sodium),as sodium retended by kidney, the water loss into urine increase, blood pressure decrease and blood volume decrease]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243144 Yoyoyo https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243149 3 steps
Glomerulus filtration
Selection reabsorption
Tubular secretion]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243149 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243165 Normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 125ml/min]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243165 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243178 Difference btwn  respiratory acidosis ans metabolic acidosis...

Condition of resp. acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough Carbon Dioxide. Excess of CArbon Dioxide increases causing pH to decrease! 
Whereas...,
Condition of metabolic acidosis occurs when body produces excess acid. Kidneys do not remove enough acid! ]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:24 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243178 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243212 Disease of kidney: 
Diabetic nephropathy (nephropatia diabetica), also known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome and intercapillary glomerulonephritis, is a progressive kidney disease caused by angiopathy of capillaries in the kidney glomeruli.


Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiases, urolithiases or renal calculi, are solid accretions (crystals) of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys or ureters.

]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243212 RENNIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243236 ANGIOTENSIN -> ANGIOTENSIN 1
ANGIOTENSIN 1 -> ANGIOTENSIN 2 ( ACE IN LUNGS )
INCREASED SODIUM RETENTION
REDUCED WATER LOSS INTO THE URINE

]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243236 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243270 Normal PaCO2 is 35-45
Normal HCO3 is 21-26]]> 2019-04-23 04:26:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243270 Respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243297 Respiratory acidosis is when lungs cannot remove enough C02 produced by body. 
Metabolic acidosis is when the kidney are not removing acid from the body.]]> 2019-04-23 04:27:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243297 Function of the kidney i19016603 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243328 It regulates blood pressure and blood volume. It also regulates blood pH and produce erythrocytes to the bone marrow to produce red blood cell.]]> 2019-04-23 04:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243328 Function of antidiurectic hormone https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243354 Regulate the blood pressure by permeability of wall of convoluted tubule.]]> 2019-04-23 04:27:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243354 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243423 respiratory acidosis-ph↓,PaCO2↑]]> 2019-04-23 04:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243423 Diuretics https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243523  Clinical application: diuretics are formally known as 'water pills' to assist in increasing the amount of water and salt excreted from the body. On the other hand, counters high blood pressure!]]> 2019-04-23 04:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243523 Hormone Regulation of Fluid Balance https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243531 ADH - primary effect - limit amount of water being lost in the urine
Angiotensin II - primary effect - increase blood volume by decrease GFR by narrowing afferent arteriole and reabsorb more Na+]]> 2019-04-23 04:28:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243531 What I have learnt https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243607 Buffer is one of the body fluid to keep pH value neutral. If the pH value is too high, which leads to Acidosis, it will absorb Hydrogen.If the pH value is too low, which leads to Alkolosis, it will release Hydrogen. ]]> 2019-04-23 04:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243607 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243829 Micturition reflex]]> 2019-04-23 04:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243829 Here https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243847 Buffer is one of the body fluid to keep pH value neutral. If the pH value is too high, which leads to Acidosis, it will absorb Hydrogen.If the pH value is too low, which leads to Alkolosis, it will release Hydrogen. ]]> 2019-04-23 04:31:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243847 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243965 Neurogenic Bladder. A condition where a person can't control their bladder due to brain, spinal cord or nerve damage.]]> 2019-04-23 04:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353243965 Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244069 This is pressure is produced due the difference in diameter of arteries. The efferent arterioles is narrower than afferent arterioles.]]> 2019-04-23 04:33:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244069 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244257 Atonic bladder. A condition where the muscle is flaccid and the person is unable to contract the muscles and fully control them to urinate.]]> 2019-04-23 04:34:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244257 i19016787 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244328 Diarrhea in alkali loss. Diarrhea is the most common cause of external loss of alkali resulting in metabolic acidosis. ... Because diarrheal stools have a higher bicarbonate concentration than plasma, the net result is a metabolic acidosiswith volume depletion.]]> 2019-04-23 04:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244328 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244362 Rennin angiotensin aldosterone system
Cause increased sodium retention by kidneys and reduce the water loss into the urine when blood pressure decrease]]> 2019-04-23 04:35:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244362 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244366 2019-04-23 04:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244366 Side effects of diarrhoea kenneth_saw123 https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244433
  • nausea
  • abdominal pain
  • cramping
  • bloating
  • dehydration
  • a fever
  • bloody stools
  • a frequent urge to evacuate your bowels
  • a large volume of stools
    • via https://www.healthline.com/symptom/diarrhea

    ]]>     2019-04-23 04:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244433     https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244565 Respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
    Metabolic acidosis is a condition when the body produces excessive quatities of acid when kidney is not removing the excess. Respiratory acidosis is a condition when the lung is not removing enough CO2]]>     2019-04-23 04:37:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244565     https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244781 Micturition is the process by which urinary bladder empties itself when it become filled.]]> 2019-04-23 04:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kumarvinosh51/s45jh1njyv9y/wish/353244781