8.3 and 8.15-18 by Riley Newton https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa Earth's processes en-us 2018-04-15 23:05:01 UTC 2025-10-08 16:32:39 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/267419446/4c19aadc2a4af8ee4534dabab3958747/download.png Summary rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948423 A volcano is a vent from which the material from a magma chamber escapes. This may include lava, rock fragments, ash, and gases. They are common along convergent and divergent plate boundaries and also found within lithospheric plates at hotspots. Volcanoes erupt because mantle rock melts. One way is if the temp increases, another way is if the pressure on the rock decreases; this will lower the rock’s melting temperature Also if water is added. Converging plates can be oceanic, continental, or one of each. If at least one is oceanic, it will subduct. A sub ducting plate creates volcanoes. The cascades are a chain of volcanoes at a convergent boundary. They have been active for 27 million years Most mountains are about 2 million years old.  Hotspots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume. Mantle plumes continuously bring hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust. The rock melts due to the release of pressure. They are more common beneath the crust. Iceland is formed by a hotspot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The type of eruption a volcano has depends on the type of magma in its chamber. Magma chambers are located where the heat and pressure are great enough to melt rock, these locations are at divergent or convergent plate boundaries or at hotspots. Viscous magmas tend to stay below the surface or erupt explosively, these are felsic magmas, which are high in silica. When magma is fluid and runny, it is not viscous. This magma often reaches the surface by flowing out in rivers of lava, these are low-silica mafic magmas. There are 3 types of lava. They are A’a , Pahoehoe, and pillow. ]]> 2018-04-15 23:10:00 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948423 Hotspots rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948541 There are about 50 hotspots- Hotspots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume- Mantle plumes continuously bring hot rock up from the mantle toward the crust- The rock melts due to the release of pressure- more common beneath the crust- Hawaii formed under a hotspot in the middle of the pacific plate- The lavas are mafic and have low viscosity- the Hawaii hotspot has been active for tens of millions of years- Older volcanoes that formed at the hotspot have eroded below sea level, these are called the Emperor Seamounts- hotspots can also be active at plate boundaries,Iceland is formed by a hotspot along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge- the Yellowstone hotspot is a famous example of a continental hotspot]]> 2018-04-15 23:11:11 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948541 Videos 2 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948616 2018-04-15 23:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948616 Video 1 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948823 Fun Facts]]> 2018-04-15 23:14:22 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251948823 viscosity rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950278 Viscous magmas tend to stay below the surface or erupt explosively, these are felsic magmas, which are high in silica. When magma is fluid and runny, it is not viscous. This magma often reaches the surface by flowing out in rivers of lava, these are low-silica mafic magmas.]]> 2018-04-15 23:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950278 Volcanoes similarities rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950420 The type of eruption a volcano has depends on the type of magma in its chamber. Some eruptions are explosive and some are quiet.]]> 2018-04-15 23:30:49 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950420 Vocabulary 18 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950560 magma chamber- Region below a volcano where magma and gases collect
 viscosity- Thickness of a liquid; its resistance to flow
]]> 2018-04-15 23:32:10 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950560 Vocabulary 17 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950668 hotspot- Fixed region of hot material that creates magma and generates volcanoes
mantle plume- Zone of hot material that rises toward the surface from deeper in the mantle and can generate hotspots
]]> 2018-04-15 23:33:25 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950668 Vocabulary 16 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950837 continental rifting- A divergent plate boundary within a continent causes the continent to thin and break apart
Fissure- Crack in the ground that may be the site of a volcanic eruption
]]> 2018-04-15 23:35:14 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950837 Vocabulary 15 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950948 dormant volcano- Volcano that is not currently erupting but has erupted in the recent past
 extinct volcano- Volcano that has not erupted in recorded history and is unlikely to erupt again
active volcano- Volcano that is currently erupting or is just about to erupt
]]> 2018-04-15 23:36:14 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251950948 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251953011 2018-04-15 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/251953011 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8.15-18!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336145 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!]]> 2018-04-16 20:20:26 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336145 Summary rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336480            A fault is a fracture along which one side has moved relative to the other. Faults can occur alone or in clusters. A cluster of faults creates a fault zone. There are many different types of faults.Such as the normal fault. Normal faults are created by tension where to plates pull apart.  They can create huge mountains. Reverse faults are created by compression, when 2 plates push together. There are also dip slip faults, a fault in which the dip of the fault plain is inclined relative to the horizontal. There are strike slip faults. A strike-slip fault is a dip-slip fault where the dip of the fault plane is vertical. They are created by shearing, where 2 plates pass each other. 
          The opposite of a fracture is a joint. That is where there is no movement.
]]> 2018-04-16 20:21:23 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336480 Video 2 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336959 2018-04-16 20:22:53 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252336959 Video 1 rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252337238 2018-04-16 20:23:49 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252337238 Fun Facts rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252338442 1 . The San Andres fault was first identified in 1895 by professor Andrew Lawson from UC Berkeley who discovered the northern zone
2 . It is named after San Andreas Lake
3 . Most earthquakes are caused by the fast movement on active faults, which release the energy.
4 . Alpine Fault in New Zealand was formed by an earthquake on this fault.]]> 2018-04-16 20:28:07 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252338442 Thrust faults rileyn8 https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252339737 When compression squeezes the crust into a smaller space, the hanging wall pushes up relative to the footwall. This makes a reverse fault. A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault. With a thrust fault the angle of the fault is close to horizontal. Rocks can slip many miles along thrust faults.]]> 2018-04-16 20:32:53 UTC https://padlet.com/rileyn8/s41uqwrj27oa/wish/252339737