Jeffrey Todd Berger.

EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2353028. 

This specific source describes digital autonomy, serving as a good example to how AI algorithms can influence a user to misrepresent themselves, or skew their digital persona to confirm to their algorithm.

-“Therefore, weighting of social media

activity (e.g. posts, “likes”) for AI input may lead to a

particular outputs of uncertain value,” (Berger, 27).

“Data correlative to the patient’s discernable demographic characteristics such as

estimated age, sex, apparent gender identity, and ethnicity, may provide some bearing to an otherwise assumptive decision making process,” (Berger, 28).

Deligöz, Eda.

EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1431201.

Deligoz describes the heightened impact of Social Media on mental health, underlining it's affect on being the catalyst to certain disorders and issues with mental health.

-“As the dissonance between online identities and real-life selves increases, individuals may develop depression, anxiety disorders and even narcissistic tendencies,” ( Deligoz, 86).

-“Thus, the proliferation of lying on digital platforms is not only an individual problem, but also carries risks for the mental health of society,” (Deligoz, 86).

Braghieri, Luca, et al.

JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27181537.

Braghieri explores the negative psychological effects of social media, arguing that the AI algorithms behind it can have a negative effect. He underscores this through his case study where he has students use Facebook, and monitors the results, consistent with the hypothesis that it has a detrimental effect to their mental health.

-“We find that the rollout of Facebook at a college

had a negative impact on student mental health. It also increased the

likelihood with which students reported experiencing impairments

to academic performance due to poor mental health,” (Braghieri, 3660).

-“Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that social media might be

partly responsible for the recent deterioration in mental health among teenagers and

young adults. It is up to social media platforms, regulators, and future research to

determine whether and how these effects can be alleviated,” (Braghieri, 3690).

Bateman, Jon

http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25783.14.

This specific source describes the impact of deepfakes, AI images and videos that impersonate people. This AI tool, although negative, has been used on various online platforms, causing misinformation, and impacting various people using these platforms. This has had significant detriment to the emotional and mental well being of users.

“Someone then views that media and responds—for example, by believing and acting upon a deepfake. Finally, an indirect victim affected by the synthetic media may also seek to respond—for example, the person depicted in a deepfake seeks to refute the narrative. Although detailed policy prescriptions are outside the scope of this paper, this sequence of events could provide a basic framework for organizing policy responses. Each event engages different stakeholders and therefore offers distinct opportunities for policy responses (see table 2 for a simple overview). Of course, specific interventions each have costs and limitations as well as potential benefits. Many of these interventions are already being explored or could draw on existing measures

for countering financial harm and disinformation,” (Bateman, 30). 

“thetic media is unlikely to threaten global financial stability or the macroeconomy—but individual people, companies, and government institutions are vulnerable,” (Bateman, 32).

Carter, Kate.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27304418.

This specific source is being added as it also pertains to Joanna's IRR, it discusses the lack of humanity of AI, but also how it can impact the job market, which can also connect with Joanna's research.

"thers envisioned AI as an eventual replacement for human providers, especially for individuals currently receiving insufficient care. A mix of AI technologists and human practitioners initiated another discussion about providing treatment that was ethical and equitable. Some participants expressed skepticism about AI’s lack of humanity, asking questions like whether an entity that will never experience death can effectively provide comfort," (Carter 13)

Rasser discusses potential solutions and makes pros and cons lists for the AI regulations. “Congress should modernize P.L. 101-246, Title IX, which ‘restricts the U.S. licensing of exports and re-exports of crime control and crime detection equipment and instruments listed in the Export Administration Regulations to China’” (Rasser et. al 5).

Matthew N.O. Sadiku, author of well known science textbooks and major in Electrical and Electronics Engineers said as AI becomes more widely used in social media “for ecommerce, customer service, marketing, public relations, and more, the applications of artificial intelligence in social media companies are many”

Dr. Ryan Kennedy, University of Houston Machine-Assisted Human Decision-making says "One option for doing so would be to create an agency that would develop the standards and monitor compliance, or to task an existing agency, like the Federal Communications Commission, with this work" (Kennedy et al. 11).

AI technologies introduce new problems for social data research. “For instance, competition between such social media platforms and generative AI systems resulted in growing restrictions of social media data access and use (e.g., for X—formerly Twitter— and Reddit) for academic, organic, and commercial users due to unlicensed or unauthorized use of copyrighted proprietary digital data by these systems to train their generative AI models or build algorithms (Vincent, 2023)" (Kostygina 2).