Dr. Otto Max Hecht by https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg alumni of the University of Cologne en-us 2019-02-05 15:52:03 UTC 2025-11-15 22:37:39 UTC hello@padlet.com Cologne, 08.02.1905 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327843400 Otto Max Hecht is born]]> 2019-02-05 15:54:38 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327843400 Jerusalem, Israel, 1993 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327844706 Dr. Otto Max Hecht dies]]> 2019-02-05 15:56:23 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327844706 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327853736 submitted photo of Dr. Otto Max Hecht for the application for Palestinian citizenship]]> 2019-02-05 16:10:01 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327853736 1923-1932 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327854885 1923: 2 semester (see below)
1924: commercial apprenticeship 
Summer semester 1928: study of geography, history, geology, english philology, philosphy, psychology, and pedagogy  at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cologne]]> 2019-02-05 16:11:04 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327854885 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327855572 dissertation at the University of Cologne:
(Reichs-Chancellor) Bülow's memoirs and the "Daily Telegraph"-affair

supervised by Prof. Ziekursch]]> 2019-02-05 16:11:35 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327855572 23.03.1934 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327856795 admission for his dissertation at the University of Cologne]]> 2019-02-05 16:13:32 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327856795 22.01.1934 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327858125 application for his dissertation]]> 2019-02-05 16:15:23 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327858125 05.11.1934 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327860742 first entry into Mandate Palestine]]> 2019-02-05 16:19:09 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327860742 padlet by schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327868492 »school is open« 4.0 with the collaboration of Yehudit Shilo and Dr. Arie Hecht - granddaughter and son of Dr. Otto Max Hecht

within the project "100 years of aliyah by alumni of the University of Cologne| stories of immigration to Israel" with Prof.' Dr.' Gudrun Hentges]]> 2019-02-05 16:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327868492 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327894916 2019-02-05 17:12:41 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327894916 01.09.1938 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327895076 "Dr. Otto Marx Hecht" and his wife Rachel Hecht apply for Palestinian citizenship]]> 2019-02-05 17:12:58 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327895076 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327906299 In Israel his PhD is acknowleged]]> 2019-02-05 17:32:20 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327906299 Work at the Jawne 1933-1943 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327911737 From 1933 to 15.10.1934  he taught at Jawne, Jewish School in Cologne. Subjects: history, geography and jewish subjects

Foto of Jawne and headmaster Klibansky]]> 2019-02-05 17:41:13 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327911737 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327916170 Dr. Otto Max & Rachel just before their marriage in 1938]]> 2019-02-05 17:45:36 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327916170 05.05.1934 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327916399 invitation for his disputatio - oral exam for the dissertation - on 12.05.1934]]> 2019-02-05 17:45:45 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327916399 Life in Israel schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327920878 All his life he was a teacher. The first years were quite tough. Shortage was everywhere until the mid 50's, because of second world war and then independence war in Israel. There always was a security tension, starting 1936-1939, "the great Arab rebellion". There also was tension between the Jews and the British mandate, who prevented immigration and buying lands in Palestine until 1948.

World war 2 did not take place in Palestine, but there was a great fear from a German occupation from northern Africa (Rommel). 

Anyway, life was very tough, and Otto gave private lessons to add more income. In the summertime they rented one of their three rooms to summer campers. 

In the coming years the state of Israel developed and the economy, and life became comfortable. It will be true to say that both Otto and Rachel (and their parents) quickly adapted even to the food and didn't miss Germany much.
]]> 2019-02-05 17:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327920878 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921499 2019-02-05 17:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921499 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921607 2019-02-05 17:53:09 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921607 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921725 2019-02-05 17:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327921725 Otto with his siblings schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327925090 On the right, Dr. Ludwig Hecht, then Elsa Wolf (nee Hecht), Alfred Hecht and last one Otto Hecht.]]> 2019-02-05 17:58:51 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327925090 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327925745 Dr. Otto Max & Rachel Hecht]]> 2019-02-05 18:00:00 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327925745 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327929475 Is Otto Ma_r_x Hecht a misspelling? 
On the other hand even his handwritten signature is
"Dr. Otto Marx Hecht"]]> 2019-02-05 18:05:58 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327929475 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327933928 Dr. Jens Cohn and
Dr. Herbert Glücksmann support their application formally]]> 2019-02-05 18:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327933928 11.11.1938 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327935077 They receive the certificate of naturalization - document in English, Hebrew and Arabic]]> 2019-02-05 18:14:35 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327935077 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327937308 Did he withdraw his German citizenship before the German administration?]]> 2019-02-05 18:18:36 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327937308 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327941009 His dissertation is printed in 1934 by "Druckerei W. May" in Cologne. It can be bought as a book]]> 2019-02-05 18:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327941009 Otto and Rachel "indeed suffered Anti-Semitism and the fear of persecution of Jewish People in Germany. [...] It was clear that they have no future in Germany and they came to Israel and not to USA (like one of his siblings) because of religious motives. [...] All the family left Germany before the shoa" schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327953557 Yehudit Shilo (Granddaughter of Dr. Otto Max Hecht)]]> 2019-02-05 18:42:33 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/327953557 Context schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328175585 withdrawal of citizenship and doctoral degree

14.07.1933 „Gesetz über den Widerruf von Einbürgerungen und die Aberkennung der deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit“ 

„Richtlinien des Reichserziehungsministers für die Entziehung von Doktorgraden […] vom 17.7.1934“ 

07.06.1939  „Gesetz über die Führung akademischer Grade“ ]]> 2019-02-06 10:34:54 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328175585 context schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328177453 Aliyah as escape, hope, challenge]]> 2019-02-06 10:41:58 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328177453 Context schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328177991 foundation of the State of Israel in 1948]]> 2019-02-06 10:43:48 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328177991 Dr. Otto Max Hecht - the teacher schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328178172 Between 1934 and 1938 Otto Hecht was a teacher in an orthodox school in bat-yam. In the first years, he taught in elementary school.
Later Otto Hecht was a teacher in Jerusalem, in a school called Chorev as a high school teacher. Chorev school was established in 1935 by a group of orthodox immigrants (olim) from Germany. In the first years, he taught in elementary school. In the 50's he also started to teach in an ultra-orthodox girl's high school called "Beit Yaakov". In high school, he taught his favorite subjects: geography and history.

]]> 2019-02-06 10:44:24 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328178172 Core Message? schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328178571 2019-02-06 10:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328178571 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328196780 We could not clarify when his German Citizenship and thus his doctoral degree has been withdrawn. 
That he already worked abroad in 1934, Germany considered as betrayal and reason to withdraw his citizenship and consequently his doctoral degree according to the laws in the green box on the left side]]> 2019-02-06 11:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/328196780 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/331209053 Has his doctorate been withdrawn? ]]> 2019-02-14 10:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/331209053 Degree schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/334791504 first state examination on 25.07.1932
Teaching practice for the higher teaching post  from 1.10.1932

]]> 2019-02-25 11:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/334791504 Short Vita schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335265021 In: Corbach, Dieter (1990). Die Jawne zu Köln. Zur Erinnerung des ersten jüdischen Gymnasiums im Rheinland und zum Gedächtnis an Erich Klibansky. Ein Gedenkbuch. Köln: Scriba Verlag, Seite 250.]]> 2019-02-26 09:23:13 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335265021 Vita schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335275719 from Hecht's dissertation]]> 2019-02-26 10:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335275719 Context schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335280298 § 3 des Gesetzes zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums lautete u. a.: "Beamte, die nicht arischer
Abstammung sind, sind in den Ruhestand zu versetzen.•
Keim, W. (1995). Erziehung unter der Nazi-Diktatur. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, S. 77. ]]> 2019-02-26 10:16:27 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/335280298 sources schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/339257702 sources:
- Government of Palastine, Department of Immigration, 47395, Hecht Otto Marx.
- Hecht, Otto Max, Bülows Memoiren und die “Daily Telegraph” – Affäre, Universität zu Köln, Philosophische Fakultät, Dissertation, Köln 1934.

literature
 - Corbach, Dieter (1990). Die Jawne zu Köln. Zur Erinnerung des ersten jüdischen Gymnasiums im Rheinland und zum Gedächtnis an Erich Klibansky. Ein Gedenkbuch. Köln: Scriba Verlag, Seite 250.

Personal contact (the blue boxes)
- Yehudit: His granddaughter in consulting with her father, Hecht's son ]]> 2019-03-08 12:16:11 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/339257702 Marriage to Rachel schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/339273146 Otto Hecht met Rachel as well as their families met in Cologne. He was her ten years older  counselor in "Ezra" – the youth movement. They kept in touch and were reunited in the little town of "Bat-Yam" southern to Jaffa, Palestine, where he worked as a teacher when all her family immigrated. They got married in January 1938 in Bat-Yam. 

]]> 2019-03-08 13:10:34 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/339273146 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344750560 Did he become a stateless man?]]> 2019-03-25 11:11:13 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344750560 What religious beliefs motivated him to migrate to Israel? schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344750937 to Dieter Corbach, who interviewed him in the 1990s for research on the Jawne school, Hecht spoke of "a general trend" to migrate]]> 2019-03-25 11:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344750937 Apprenticeship schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344752364 During his trade studies, he worked as an apprentice (Lehrling) at the trading house of Rothschild family in Cologne, who were trading mostly grains. ]]> 2019-03-25 11:17:52 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/344752364 by Aimée Platte schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369937483 teacher student and member of »school is open« 4.0 ]]> 2019-07-02 09:27:50 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369937483 Cildhood and Adolescence in Cologne schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369937796 Otto Hecht went to public school, as well as Jewish studies at the synagogue or in the houses of the rabbis. 
He participated in the "Ezra" youth movement for orthodox youth since its establishment in 1918. 
In "Ezra" he was a group leader and got to know to his later wife Rachel Heyman.]]> 2019-07-02 09:30:04 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369937796 Reason for the Immigration to Israel schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369938637 "As an orthodox Jew he always prayed and aspirated to ZION (Palestine), and when he decided it's time to immigrate, this was his destination. Two of his rabbis were especially Zionist!"
Yehudit Shilo (Granddaughter of Dr. Otto Max Hecht)]]> 2019-07-02 09:38:16 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369938637 Family schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369942443 Otto and Rachel had 5 children. Arie Hecht, their firstborn,  was born in 1938. One of their children died from diphtheria in 1944. Over the years they had 24 grandchildren. Most of their grandchildren are now married with children of their own. They all live in Israel, well-educated and economically established. For example, my father Dr. Arie Hecht married my mother Michal Mendelsohn in 1966, they had six children and over 30 grandchildren as well as one great-grandchild.

]]> 2019-07-02 10:13:20 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369942443 Expectation of the life in Israel schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369943601 Otto Hecht assumed he had a good chance of finding a teaching occupation in Israel, because it was a time of large immigration, and teachers who had basic training were needed. Advantageous for him was knowing Hebrew at such a proficiency level, that he was able to teach in Hebrew as well as Hebrew to others.]]> 2019-07-02 10:26:50 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369943601 Rachel Hecht (née Heymann) schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369944168 born 20.02.1915 in Hermeskeil

She had to work and help in the household of her parents since her father was after stroke, very disabled, and her mother ran a grocery and small kosher restaurant. ]]> 2019-07-02 10:32:49 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369944168 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369944395 He taught to keep "high standard of daily routine: prayers, learning, health practices"
Yehudit Shilo (Granddaughter of Dr. Otto Max Hecht)]]> 2019-07-02 10:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369944395 German Culture in Israel schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369945179 Otto and Rachel didn't usually visit synagogues of German immigrants and neither attended activities designated to German immigrants by special organizations that were established during the years. But Otto Hecht ordered German geography and history books to keep up to date.

They wanted to take roots in the general society that has been built. They had a lot of friends from Cologne and from "Ezra" which they kept in touch with.

Otto and Rachel spoke in German with each other so their children picked up a little bit of the German language, especially Arie, the oldest. He can even read German. The grandfather and grandmothers, who also migrated from Germany had more difficulties with everyday Hebrew and spoke mostly German, even though German culture, in general, was understandably unpopular in Palestine / Israel. 
]]> 2019-07-02 10:44:14 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369945179 6.03.1923 Abitur/"Reifezeugnis" schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369945502 at public Oberrealschule with Reformrealgymnasium Köln Humboldtstrasße ]]> 2019-07-02 10:48:01 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369945502 Teacher training 1923-1933 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369950738 Otto Max Hecht worked as a student teacher at a public school (Dreikönigsgymnasium in der Marzellenstraße) until 21.09.1933 he was fired, because of the "§3 des Gesetzes zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums" from 7.04.1933. (racial resons)]]> 2019-07-02 11:31:39 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369950738 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369951601 Dreikönigsgymnasium am Thürmchenswall, 1914, Museen Köln, public domain]]> 2019-07-02 11:40:02 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369951601 Teaching Qualification schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369952096 in the School Service Personnel File in the sta North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany]]> 2019-07-02 11:45:41 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/369952096 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370521511 2019-07-08 13:59:50 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370521511 learning video on Dr. Otto Max Hecht schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370521686 in German]]> 2019-07-08 14:01:39 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370521686 podcast on the withdrawal of doctoral degrees in the NS-Germany schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370522777 in German]]> 2019-07-08 14:11:29 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370522777 schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370523685 2019-07-08 14:18:33 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/370523685 Key schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/391788457 Orange: Questions within our research process
Black: Biographical facts 
Green: Context information 
Blue: Information given by 
descendants
Purple: authors, literature, sources, materials by »school is open« 4.0]]> 2019-10-01 11:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/391788457 Meeting with son Arie and granddaughter Yehudit schoolisopen https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/394930357 Frieder Schumann and Silke Kargel visit Hechts Family in Israel]]> 2019-10-08 10:57:25 UTC https://padlet.com/schoolisopen/s2yvhbhwp9hg/wish/394930357