<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rss version="2.0">
   <channel>
      <title>C40 Cities by Ann Elk</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018</link>
      <description>GG 2.30pm negotiations</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-04-22 13:13:48 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2018-12-05 03:42:28 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
         <url></url>
      </image>
      <item>
         <title>Economic</title>
         <author>alexandre_luong</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792099</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In term of economy, C40 Cities have been doing their best to reduce the emission of GHG and CO<sub>2</sub> through political and social means. The organisation has 2 major projects-The Green Growth and the Low Emission Vehicle network.<br><br></div><div><strong>The Green Growth network:</strong></div><div>This network focuses on sustainable economy. The goal is to increase economy AND reduce global greenhouse gas emission and other environmental or/and global risks. The project prioritises three areas:<br><br></div><div>1. Political case-organising and making a general idea of the socio-economy benefits against climate change and drawing drafts for standard measures for the issues in the cities involve</div><div>2. Private sector-engaging in transaction and negotiation with cities and their private sectors for solutions/providers</div><div>3. Green Procurement-supporting the greening acquisition policies and inventory to enable better engagement with the private sector. <br><br></div><div>An example of this network would be the increase in carbon tax in Singapore and the increase in price of coal on the market. .<br><br></div><div><strong>The Low Emission Vehicle network:</strong></div><div>As the name suggest, the network’s goal is to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission from vehicles. We all know that transportation is one of biggest contributor to global warming, going up to 27% of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and greenhouse gas emission. LEV, leaded by London, encourages drivers to switch to fossil fuel to produce lower GHG emission. LEV also suggests car producers to mass produce electric vehicles which will significantly reduce CO<sub>2</sub> and GHG emission by 1.5 tons per years, 53% to 62% per year.<br><br></div><div>Such large-scale project will take years to implement into the city as it’s will impact our daily life. The Low Emission Vehicle network has decided to start small focusing in four areas:<br><br></div><div>1. Citywide LEV strategy-developing and refining low emission vehicle strategy for cities </div><div>2. Infrastructure-planning for EV charging, hydrogen and other type of refilling infrastructure</div><div>3. Incentives-increase promotion for LEV </div><div>4. Fleets-promoting LEV in bus, taxi, municipal and other citywide fleets<br><br></div><div>A minor area of some countries has already started this project and C40 Cities expect that when the network is completed and implemented nationwide and worldwide, society will never be the same.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-08 06:04:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792099</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Social-Cultural</title>
         <author>deeandri_naicker</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792480</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The C40 Cities Leadership group is an organisation which aims to reduce carbon emissions through the urban action of global cities. Urbanisation is a huge contributor of carbon pollution, with a reported output of 70% of the global carbon emissions, due to the burning of fossil fuels (Churkina 2016). The expansion of urban populations has a causal relationship with increased land use and commercial access which results in higher consumption patterns. Urban areas consume two-thirds of the world’s energy and produces high levels of waste. This relationship between consumption and urbanisation is identified by the C40 group.<br><br></div><div>However the organisation’s stance adheres to the notion that urban growth can be implemented in a sustainable way, through efficient infrastructure and urban planning. City to city collaboration is the basis of the groups effectiveness as local action is shown to create immediate and efficient change which ultimately makes an impact on a global scale (C40 Cities 2018). By beginning with local action, this improves the ability to change public opinions and attitudes on carbon pollution. Willingness by local governments to change policy and introduce legislation can disrupt  behaviours that do not align with reducing carbon emissions. <br><br></div><div>As per the aims of the COP 21 to avoid a 2 degree increase in global temperature, the BE2020 programme was developed and implemented by the C40 group. This entails the decarbonisation of buildings which means to alter old buildings to be more efficient energy consumers or construct new buildings to be low to zero emitters by installing solar panels or capture waste heat (C40 Cities 2018). The impacts of this program will be heavily seen in cities with poor air quality such as Beijing. This will require fierce mobilization of citizen engagement however air quality is large public health concern which will drive support. As C40 is directed by city leaders, the ability to influence and garner support is stronger and utilised efficiently. <br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-08 06:07:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792480</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Legal</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792485</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Paris Agreement is based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance beginning the year 2020. 195 countries adopted this in December 2015, accepting a global action plan to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below two degrees celsius. <br><br>When creating targets and implementing them through action plans, members of C40 are bound by the limits of domestic law, though there has generally been support between the state and city government. An example of this is Paris and France, where President Francois Hollande's leadership and partnership with Mayor Anne Hidalgo helped spearhead the UNFCCC. On the opposite side of the spectrum is President's Trump declaration of withdrawal from the agreement, and New York Mayor Bill de Blasio's pledge in continuing to honour the pledge. <br><br>As an organisation C40 is positioned as an interesting emerging actor in the sphere of international law, as their activities may not be able to be regulated by Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Adding onto this, the ambiguity of cities at the moment as important players is due to the fact that there is no legal personality attributed to organisations such as C40. International legal personality would be both a massive boon and responsibility to the C40, allowing them to enjoy powers relating to treaties, immunity, delegations and international claims. They will also be allowed to participate directly with bodies and organisations, which will be a great help when dealing with issues relating to the UNFCCC. <br><br>There is a problem, however. Recognition is one of the criteria, and generally express recognition via the creation of a legal instrument or the support from other subjects. As it stands, C40 Cities will need more recognition as relevant actors. This is indeed something that the organisation is focused on, as shown by their presence and pledge at COP23 2017 to reduce their carbon emissions by 2050.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-08 06:07:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/258792485</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>What is C40 Cities?</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260712829</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Made up of approximately 90 of the world’s greatest cities, it represents over 650 million people and a quarter of the world’s economy. Created and led by cities, C40 is focused on mitigating climate change and urban action that reduces harmful emissions.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-15 04:35:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260712829</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Political-Ethical  Son</title>
         <author>john_k_virly</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260713068</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>C40 believes that cities have an active leadership role and are the vanguards to driving global action to address the issues of climate change. With this in mind, they work across numerous sectors and initiate areas, encouraging joined cities to collaborate with one another sharing knowledge and meaningful actions on promoting urban actions that reduces their climate risks. Their vast networks facilitates communications to city officials enabling them to share ideas and solutions tailored to their respective cities. <br><br>C40's strategy could not have been achieved without their partnership with organisations sharing similar objectives like World Resource Institute and ICLEI, with their  understanding of the importance of a cities relationship to climate changes. Moreover, through their partnership, they provide knowledge, services and expertise to cities to design and implement climate policies as well as programs. An example of such action is the GPC which is used as the single global standard to measure and report emissions in a way that allows for a credible contrast and aggregation across timescales and geographies.   These actions have been made possible because having defined their goals, they have amplified their call to national governments for greater autonomy and support. This extends to motivating mayors through peer-to-peer pressure and distributing relevant support  at the technical level to implement commitments. As a result, C40 had built a regional structure which supports their joined cities by allowing them to dynamically respond to local priorities and opportunities. Their regional directors serve as a bridge between regional C40 cities, city staff and organisation connecting both their cities as well as activities across their global network. In the event of COP 21, C40 took the initiative to establish a City Diplomacy Strategy as a mechanism to advance the acceleration of city action and support efforts to improve the link to a nations interest. The central aim of this policy is to  </div><ol><li>Demonstrate How Cities Are Leading the Way </li><li>Catalyze Action and Secure Resources for C40 Cities </li><li>Have a Positive Impact on an Inter-Governmental Agreement to Tackle Climate Change. However, being a significant multilateral conference, leaders from various nation states had hindered the progression of C40's aims as their interest clashed. Despite this, the organisation and along with its partners including the City of Paris, continues to bring together the Mayors of the world to cities in the fight against climate change, and to send a strong message to member states taking part in the COP. </li></ol><div> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-15 04:37:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260713068</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Coal Report </title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260717247</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In conjunction with the UN. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://c40-production-images.s3.amazonaws.com/researches/images/25_Advancing_Climate_Ambition.original.pdf?1412878084" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-15 04:58:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/260717247</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>GetUp!</title>
         <author>lauren_m_fiedler</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262266035</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Q- We see some strengths in your coalition’s strategy to transform and construct cities in a way that better migitates and reduces the effects of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions on the climate. However, we note that mention of renewable energy investment is missing entirely. We also question the logic of “increasing the price of coal on the market” to create substantial change, given that without significant moves to renewable energy generation, more gas is required, which the Australian Energy Market Operator forecasts to increase in price by 48 per cent over the next 20 years (Clean Energy Council, 2014).</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 04:47:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262266035</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Building Initiative to reduce carbon emissions.</title>
         <author>deeandri_naicker</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262272060</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="http://www.c40.org/programmes/building-energy-2020-programme">http://www.c40.org/programmes/building-energy-2020-programme</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 05:39:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262272060</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>What is C40 pt.2</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327123</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.c40.org/assets/about/c40_by_the_numbers-e22121dfceacbb1432af150216df5dab438fa6dc256260623f80921fecbe6b17.png" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 11:59:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327123</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fossil-Fuel-Free Streets Declaration</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327328</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.c40.org/other/fossil-fuel-free-streets-declaration" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 12:00:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327328</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Talanoa Dialogue</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327857</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.c40.org/blog_posts/paris-and-mexico-city-share-stories-of-hope-and-ambition-at-the-united-nations" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 12:03:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262327857</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>City Diplomacy Brief</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262328036</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.c40.org/blog_posts/city-diplomacy-brief-april-2018" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 12:04:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262328036</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Commuter Revolution</title>
         <author>satia_j_montalbo</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262328527</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.c40.org/blog_posts/a-commuter-revolution-how-cities-are-collaborating-to-solve-the-challenges-of-sustainable-urban-transport-354f753d-ff6b-4d5d-9e2b-0c5b51f5d2ec" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 12:07:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262328527</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>- Questions -                                  by Queensland Government</title>
         <author>qianqian_wang_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262329379</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The forcefulness of a globally connected networks of cities is undeniably greater than States in implementing climate change initiatives. However, given its 'limited international legal personality' it is questionable whether cross-border climate programs are impactful enough to bring about measurable changes in the local areas. Also, having such diverse range of community participants and sponsorship,&nbsp; the institution itself could be positioned as a means for its participating member to credit their doings. Therefore, its credibility is questioned.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 12:12:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262329379</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Q&#39;s - G7</title>
         <author>carter_d_redman</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262526032</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Economically, 'The Green Growth Network's' viability seems questionable. Given that c40 cities account for 70% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, do you believe that the idea of increasing economic output and decreasing levels of pollution can honestly be satisfied in correlation with each other? It is a great idea in theory, but practically the industries creating most of these emissions also create jobs, and we are already seeing a spike in job shortages and overpopulation in major centres. How do you think this could be dealt with in a manner which indeed does fulfil both aspects of the 'green growth project'?</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-05-21 23:23:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/annelkhoury/C40_GG2018/wish/262526032</guid>
      </item>
   </channel>
</rss>
