Isaac's PlantsArea BF by

Isaac's PlantsArea BF by https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac South Soudan area covering Regions of Upper Basins, South-west and Cascades of Burkina Faso en-us 2019-02-20 10:01:18 UTC 2026-01-07 20:34:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Xmastree.png Presentation of my PlantsArea gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333153849 According to Burkina Faso's phytogeographical breakdown, Sudano-South phytogeographic sector. This sector contains the densest forest formations in Burkina Faso (GUNKO S., 1998).
The vegetation is characterized by wooded and shrubby savannahs, clear forests and gallery forests along the rivers (GUINKO and FONTES, 1995 quoted by NONGUERMA 2010). The herbaceous layer is formed of a graminaceous carpet in the rainy season.
A flora of flowering plants totaling 1915 species including 1857 spontaneous species or
subspontaneous and 58 species introduced or cultivated. These species are distributed in 750 genera and 159 families. The flora, which has been enriched with 712 species described between 1986 and 2009, with a new described species (Borassus akeassii Bayton, Ouédraogo and Guinko), has a richness strongly correlated with the rainfall gradient.
The most common woody species are: Afzelia africana, Burkea africana, Vittelaria paradoxa, Detarium microcarpum, Parkia biglobosa, Lannea acida, Combretum sp, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Iberlinia doka, anogeissus leocarpus.
This area has several classified forests, the most important of which are: Classified Forest and Biosphere Reserve of the Hippopotamus Pond, Classified Forest and Partial Wildlife Reserve of the Comoé - Leraba, the Kôn classified Forest.]]> 2019-02-20 13:11:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333153849 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333169419 Rich Plants Habitat
The Kou River running through the Classified Forest (Upper Basins Region)
The forest of Kou, rich in fauna and flora is a classified site. Its lush vegetation borders the Kou River and Guinguette. This forest is home to sources that supply the city of Bobo-Dioulasso with drinking water.]]> 2019-02-20 13:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333169419 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333178097 Rich Plants habitat
The pond where Hippopotamuses live in the forest (Upper Basins Region)
The location is particularly important for the rich biotope of this part of Burkina. Indeed, it is from here and for nearly a hundred kilometers along the Mouhoun downstream that this river spreads in marshy areas ideal for the life and reproduction of many birds, reptiles and others animal species and for the protection of the 650 species of trees and shrubs that grow there.]]> 2019-02-20 14:12:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333178097 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333192385 Rich Plants Habitat
The Waterfalls Banfora a city in the South Sudan zone (Cascades Region)
One of the ecological, social and tourist wealth of Burkina lies in the variety of its ecosystems. Each of them hosts landscapes, animal and plant species and different human communities adapting to its environmental constraints.]]> 2019-02-20 14:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333192385 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208415 Rich Plants habitat
The peaks of Sindou located in a rich ecosystem of several plant species (Cascades Region)]]> 2019-02-20 15:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208415 gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208542 2019-02-20 15:09:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208542 gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208815 2019-02-20 15:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333208815 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333566437 STEP 3

Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Sub-kingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosidae
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genre: Combretum
Species: Combretum micranthum

Combretum Micranthum this scientific name refers to the way they look and smell of the plant and its flowers
Combretum means fragrant reed
Micranthum means small flowers

Common (vernacular) names: kinkeliba, long life herbal tea

Description
Port: Small tree or bushy shrub or sarmentous, 2-4 (-10) m up to 20 m by embracing the branches of neighboring trees.
Bark: Gray, fibrous, orange to red-brown slice.
Twig: Red-brown, hairy and scaly.

Leaves: Opposite or verticillate in three, of variable shape, elliptical or ovate, generally twice as long as wide, 5-10 x 2.5-5 cm. Leaf-tip acuminate, wedge-shaped, glabrous, below with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins and scattered white or red scales. It becomes rusty brown as it dries. The young leaves have the underside covered with red scales.

Petiole: Scaly, 2-9 mm long.
Nerves: Pinnate, not very prominent, with 5-8 pairs of connecting lateral nerves, finely reticulate nerves.

Inflorescence a spike-like, axillary raceme, 3-5 cm long, with scaly peduncle, sometimes fasciculated.
Flower: Whitish, 2 mm in diameter, calyx covered with ferruginous scales, corolla with 4 petals
Fruit: A four-winged Samara, more or less glabrous and covered with reddish scales on the seed, 12-15 mm long, brown or brown when ripe.

Uses proven in pharmacopoeia
Plant with many uses, febrifuge, tonic, diuretic, anti-diarrhea and cholagogue.
Roots: Vermifuges. Wound, fever, syphilis +, enuresis +, female sterility.
Roots + Leaves: Fever, body aches.
Bark: Balm + for bruises and sprains.
Twigs: Rheumatism.
Leaves: Jaundice and hepatitis, hematuria, malaria +, anorexia, colic and diarrhea, gonorrhea +, common cold +, bronchitis.
Fruits: Gingivitis.

This plant has been chemically analyzed and these active ingredients have proven effective in the treatment of the diseases mentioned.
References to papers/articles that discuss them :
-www.sist.sn/gsdl/collect/butravau/import/THS-6354.pdf
- http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/sante/phytotherapie/plante-medicinale/kinkeliba.htm#proprietes-medicinales-du-kinkeliba
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967300905351
- http://www.ethnopharmacologia.org/boutique/evaluation-de-lefficacite-et-de-la-tolerance-de-combretum-micranthum-g-don-utilise-en-automedication-par-les-patients-infectes-par-le-vih-au-benin/]]> 2019-02-21 11:03:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333566437 THEME 1 : Plant Diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333678078 STEP : 3
Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Sub-kingdom: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosidae
Order: Fabales
Family: Mimosacae
Genre: Parkia
Species: Parkia Biglobosa

Common or vernacular names
Flour tree, tawny tree, African carob tree (because of the resemblance of its pod with that of the carob tree) purple mimosa (because of the similarity of its leaf).

Description
Port: Tree 10-15 (-20) m tall, short stout and robust up to 1.6 m in diameter, with rounded crown or spreading in parasol, leaves hanging

Bark: Crevassee, scaly, gray, orange to rusty and fibrous
Branch: Gray to brown, more or less pubescent

Leaves: Alternate, bipinnate, glabrous, dark green, 20-40 cm long, (8-) 10-30 pairs of pinnules alternate or sometimes opposite and 14-65 pairs of leaflets per pinna, very close together . Linear oblong foliolula, (8-) 12-18 (-20) x (2-) 3-5 mm, with a wedge-shaped apex, auriculated asymmetric base.

Petiole: More or less pubescent, greyish to light brown, thickened at the base and bearing crater-like glands, one at the base and others at the base of the last 1-2 pairs of pinnules. Pinnule thickened at the base on 1-2 mm long.

Inflorescence a drooping cluster of glomeruli, arranged at the tip of the branch and up to 30-50 cm long, pink, red or orange, 4-5 cm in diameter, long pedunculated.

Fruit: Hanging cluster pods on the club-shaped flower receptacle, flattened, dark brown, more or less arched, 20-30 x 1.5-2.5 cm, containing seeds surrounded by a floury pulp yellow, sweet.

Traditional pharmacopoeia:
Roots: Vermifuges. Gonorrhea.
Bark: phagedenic ulcer +, diarrhea, bilharzia, amebiasis, hookworms, pneumonia and bronchitis, fever, wound and leprosy, gastritis, jaundice, gingivitis, otitis, orchitis, infertility, hypertension.
Bark + Leaves: Dental decay, conjunctivitis.
Twigs: Snake bite.
Leaves: Vermifuges. Hemorrhoids, amoebiasis, bronchitis, cough, burn, abscess +, yaws and shingles.
Flowers (buttons): Leprosy.
Fruits (pulp): Yellow fever +, constipation, anorexia, rickets, jaundice.
Aphrodisiac seeds.

This plant has been chemically analyzed and these active ingredients have proven effective in the treatment of the diseases mentioned.
References to papers/articles that discuss them :
- https://www.scidev.net/afrique-sub-saharienne/medecine/article-de-fond/nere-plante-aux-vertus-inestimables.html]]> 2019-02-21 15:31:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/333678078 THEME 2 : Complexity of plant biogeography gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335265090 STEP 3 Some key characteristics of particular biogeographical region of my PlantArea

I. GEOGRAPHICAL AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL FRAMEWORK
From the data of climate, flora and vegetation, the territory of Burkina Faso entirely included in the Sudano-Zambezian phytogeographical region located in the Paleotropical and subdivided by GUINKO (1984) into two phytogeographic domains: Sahelian and Sudanian. Our PlantArea lies south of the Sudanese phytogeographic domain.
The southern Sudanian sector located between the 5th and 11th parallels, benefits from the least xeric climates of the country and from the least disturbed forest formations due to the low density of population. The vegetation as a whole consists of wooded savannahs and clear forests interspersed with gallery forests
The South Sudanese sector has for almost two decades been the immigration zone par excellence for pastoralists and farmers coming from the northern part of the country in search of better living conditions; This results in the uncontrolled clearing of large areas for agricultural purposes and the reduction of woodland from year to year, and hence the availability of wood.

II. THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
1. The climate
The climate of Burkina Faso is of tropical type of the tropical belt because of its situation in Sahelian region; therefore, the country has a Sahelian climate characterized by a rainy season and a dry season. This climate is particularly influenced by solar radiation which varies from 1778 to 2129 J / Cm2 / day respectively in December and March.
The climatic zonation of Burkina is based on the spatial distribution of the annual rainfall, in particular the two annual rainfall isohyets (600mm and 900mm), which defines three climatic zones: the Sahelian zone, the northern Sudan zone and the southern Sudan zone, or locate our PlantArea.
The climate of our PlantArea of South Sudanese type with two seasons:
- A dry season from November to March
- A rainy season from April to October.
1.1. Rainfall
Rainfall is a determining factor in the distribution of plants. It covers a period of 6 to 7 months of rain (900 to 1300mm of water / year).
Considering the monthly averages between the years, we realize that the rainfall regime starts from the months of March-April with maxima in July August, September and ends in October
1.2. Temperature
The extreme temperatures are 12 ° and 38 ° C. The diurnal and annual temperature amplitudes and a low Potential Evapotranspiration (FTE).

]]> 2019-02-26 09:23:25 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335265090 THEME 2 : Complexity of plant biogeography gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335269640 STEP 3 Some key characteristics of particular biogeographical region of my PlantArea

THE GROUNDS.
Soil is characterized by a soil heterogeneity due to the long geomorphological evolution and the diversity of the geological cover. The studies carried out by Bureau National des Soils include nine (9) soil classes.
In general, soils with an agricultural vocation estimated at about 9 000 000 ha and of which 39% are annually cultivated. The vast majority of them are characterized by a marked lack of phosphorus which limits their productivity. However, a certain number of soil types have considerable agro-sylvo-pastoral potential. Those are
¬ Vertisols, tropical eutrophic brown soils, subarid brown soils. Indeed, their morphological and analytical characteristics give them a good water retention capacity and a high mineral richness
¬ tropical ferruginous soils are widespread and generally have a massive structure, low levels of organic matter, nitrogen and exchangeable bases. The cation exchange capacity is also low with a strongly to weakly acidic pH;
¬ ferralitic soils, because of their appreciable depth, have a good aptitude for arboriculture but they are chemically poor;
¬ the hydromorphic soils, located in the lower parts of the relief, have average contents in organic matter and nitrogen. They are suitable for rainfed and irrigated rice cultivation and market gardening.

FLORA
The flora includes aquatic flora and terrestrial flora
 aquatic flora:
- aquatic microflora: 32 families, 88 genera and 191 species have been identified
- aquatic and semi-aquatic herbaceous macroflora: it consists of (i) floating aquatic macrophytes, (ii) semi-aquatic macrophytes, (iii) macrophytes of saturated water zones and (iv) hygrophilous macrophytes that live in areas abandoned by water.
 terrestrial flora includes:
- the superior mushrooms which comprise 8 families, 13 genera and 28 species;
- herbaceous flora (herbaceous cover and herbaceous agricultural flora) which comprises 87 families, 333 genera and 627 herbaceous species with a predominance of leguminous species (145 species) and grasses (145 species);
- woody flora (forest, fruit, ornamental and medicinal) consisting of local trees, shrubs and lianas; it also includes 55 families, 214 genera and 376 species (including 95 exotics).]]> 2019-02-26 09:40:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335269640 THEME 2 : Complexity of plant biogeography gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335279694 STEP 3 Environmental stressors influencing plant growth
In our biogeographic region and especially in our PlantArea the environmental stressors that influence plant growth is mostly drought. This situation is the consequence of the Sahelian climate which is accentuated by the effects of climate change. Several plants such as: Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa Guiera senegalensis ... to adapt lose their leaves during dry periods. Other environmental stressors are locust invasions and sometimes floods.]]> 2019-02-26 10:14:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335279694 THEME 2 : Complexity of plant biogeography gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335311226 STEP 3 Alexander von Humboldt and his multi-volume book entitled "Cosmos"

Humboldt's ambition was to discover the interaction of the forces of nature and the influences exercised by the geographical environment on plant and animal life. It describes the celestial and terrestrial phenomena related to the planet and integrates its observations, its geographical, physical, geological, magnetic, meteorological, botanical searches, etc. Cosmos, one of the founding works of modern geography, also analyzes the relationship that man has with nature since ancient times.

]]> 2019-02-26 12:16:51 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335311226 THEME 2 : Complexity of plant biogeography gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335961853 STEP 4 : PlantArea Comparison

The comparison of my PlantArea and that of my co-learners gave some similarities such as:
- medicinal plants of several species
- same phytogeographical zone
- certain environmental stressors
- same adaptations of plants to environmental stresses
- etc.
The differences are also of several kinds such as:
- different plant species
- different phytogeographical zone
- difference in environmental stressors
- the dynamics of distribution
- etc.

]]> 2019-02-27 16:01:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335961853 Comment gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335989845 A researcher from Burkina Faso, Professor Basile Guissou has developed a drug called "Faca" based on two plants (Fagara xanthoxyloides and Calotropis procera) to effectively deal with cases of sickle cell disease.]]> 2019-02-27 16:39:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/335989845 THEME 3 : Plant and Climate change gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337378909 STEP 1
In the Andes, the longest continental mountain range in the world, located in south America, tree species are ‘on the run’, trying to move to ground of higher altitude. They are shifting roughly 2.5 to 3.5 vertical meters a year on average, but in fact they need to migrate more than 20 vertical feet a year!
Look at the 3 options below and choose the one that describes best the Andes issue explained above.

The option that best describes the Andean problem explained above is that of the answer 2
Tropical Andean trees migrate to higher altitudes where the air is cool enough to support their existence. Due to the fast climatic change they have to move faster in order to remain in equilibrium with their preferred temperatures.]]> 2019-03-04 09:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337378909 THEME : gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337442064 2019-03-04 13:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337442064 THEME 3 : Plants and Climate change gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337442630 STEP : 3
In my region, probably, climate change is already being felt, climatic variations are in terms of drought, poor spatial and temporal distribution of rains, floods, rising temperatures, etc. (Ouedraogo et al. 2010, PANA, 2007). In recent years, a radical change has taken place and the climate has fluctuated dramatically. The trend increase in temperatures in Burkina Faso will be in the range of 0.5 ° C to 1.3 ° C by 2025 (Ouédraogo, 2007).

The temperature is therefore more and more intense to reach a maximum of 40 ° C during the very long dry season that can reach 7 to 8 months (October to March). The rainy season has become short of 4 to 6 months with less rainy day but often heavy rains creating floods.

According to several researchers (Cubasch et al 1995, Mitchell, 1995), cited by Pereira (2007), the distribution of daily precipitation could evolve in the direction of an increase in the proportion of torrential rains. There is also a decrease in the number of rainy days in some areas. This could lead to longer pockets of drought (Vellinga and Verseveld, 2000). In 2013 there was extreme drought decimating many animal and plant species.
https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bfa01f.pdf (IDR-2014-TOE-PER)]]> 2019-03-04 13:20:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337442630 T gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337455789 2019-03-04 13:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337455789 THEME : 3 Plants and Climate change gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337474351 STEP : 3 My PlantArea temperatures Variations
The year-to-year variation in mean annual temperatures shows an upward trend.
During the period 1983 to 1999, average annual temperatures vary around the normal range of 27.38 ° C. During the period 2000 to 2012, we generally observe temperatures that are above normal . Only the temperatures of 2007 and 2012 where the annual temperature has returned to normal. There are three peaks of average annual temperature in the last decade, in 2002, 2005 and 2010. The last decade is the hottest. The trend line indicates a continuous increase in temperatures with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.359.]]> 2019-03-04 14:35:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337474351 gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337480090 2019-03-04 14:45:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337480090 THEME 3 : Plants and Climate change gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337483098 ETEP 3 : Rainfall variability marked by a decrease amounts of rainfall recorded during this period.]]> 2019-03-04 14:50:53 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337483098 gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337484875 2019-03-04 14:54:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337484875 THEME : 3 Plants and Climate change gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337492901 STEP : 4 PlantArea Comparison
The comparison of my PlantArea with those of my co-worker shows similarities such as:

- The rise in temperatures

- The decrease in rainfall

- the frequency of floods

- degradation of plant habitats

- Drought

- etc.

There are also some differences such as:

- the melting of glaciers

- extreme cold

- the periods and duration of the Rains

- etc.

]]> 2019-03-04 15:10:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337492901 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337845356 STEP : 1
The threat of climate change and the knowledge that it is related to CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels has led scientists to look for alternatives for our energy needs, that is in the cultivation of biofuel crops.

Using my knowledge I think the sentences that seems true are :
"Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is highly controversial since it solves one problem but creates new ones." and
"We are still strongly depended on fossil fuels and only the developed countries of the world have the technology and therefore the luxury of using green energy."]]> 2019-03-05 11:16:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/337845356 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338795963 STEP : 3 Alcoholic drink called Bandji or Palm wine
Palm wine is an alcoholic drink obtained by natural fermentation of palm sap. It is a traditional drink in most tropical regions, it is widespread in North Africa especially in the regions near the Sahara as well as in sub-Saharan Africa.

The sap is extracted from various palm species: the date palm in the Maghreb, the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), the raffia (Raphia vinifera) and the rônier (Borassus aethiopium) in Africa, the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) or Palmyra palm in South India and Southeast Asia, Nypa (Nypa fruticans) in swamp and mangrove areas, Raphia (Raphia vinifera), Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) elsewhere. Jubaea chilensis was used in Chile but is now protected.

When it has just been harvested, the juice is white and milky, sweet and rather sweet. Over the hours, the fermentation increases, the produced wine becomes sparkling, strong, sometimes bitter, and takes a darker shade. By its taste and mild effervescence, the palm wine is rather closer to a cider than a wine. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_de_palme

]]> 2019-03-07 11:16:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338795963 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338800366 STEP 3 : Alcoholic beverage called Dolo or sorghum beer
Dolo is an ancestral beer obtained by the fermentation of red sorghum or sprouted millet and cooked in water, which is widespread in Sahelian Africa (Burkina Faso, Mali).

The preparation of Dolo is considered a cooking process that goes through two stages: malting and brewing. https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0399-0346_2001_num_71_2_1269

]]> 2019-03-07 11:34:23 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338800366 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338857708 STEP 3 : Shea-butter tree, food plants (Vitelaria paradoxa)
The fruit is edible at maturity and the seed is used to produce much-consumed butter in the diet and used in cosmetics and traditional medicine
Fruit: an ovoid, glabrous or pubescent drupe, 4-5 cm long, arranged at the tip of a pedicel (1.5-3 cm long), bearing the rest of the style at the apex and the remains of the calyx at the base , yellowish green when ripe, containing a single seed embedded in a fleshy and sweet pulp.
Seed: (Shea nut) Brown, 2.5-4.5 cm long, shiny shell and marked with a large beige, matte, elliptical scar, occupying the height and one third of the seed width.

]]> 2019-03-07 14:13:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338857708 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338864625 STEP 3 : Adansonia digitata (Baobabe), food plant
Baobab is therefore a tree native to tropical Africa. In Africa, all parts of the baobab are exploited for their therapeutic and nutritional virtues: roots, leaves, trunk, bark, pulp, seeds. It is also integrated in the development of traditional African remedies.
The fruit pulp, called "monkey bread", has a tangy taste similar to our raisins or lemon.
Source: Dr.BonneBouffe.com, the blog of nutrition and health fun version. Access the whole article by clicking here: https://docteurbonnebouffe.com/bienfaits-poudre-de-baobab/]]> 2019-03-07 14:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338864625 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338897140 STEP 3 : Common spices with their origin
Soumbala (or soumbara, or netetou in wollof, dawadawa in Igbo, oji in Poular) is a spice used in West Africa, known for its strong smell. It's a kind of African carob.

It is traditionally made with the seeds of the tree Parkia biglobosa, It is advised to people with high blood pressure.]]> 2019-03-07 15:16:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338897140 gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338917993 S]]> 2019-03-07 15:47:22 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338917993 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338918014 STEP 3 : Common spices with their origin
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant species native to India, of the genus Zingiber and the family of Zingiberaceae whose rhizome is used in cooking and traditional medicine. This rhizome is a spice widely used in many Asian cuisines, and especially in Indian cuisine. He consumed a lot in African cooking. The plant is grown in my country only in my PlantArea.]]> 2019-03-07 15:47:25 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338918014 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the future gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338970683 STEP 3 : the main species of trees decorated at Christmas
The main species decorated for Christmas do not come from my PlantArea. These are imported plants that are not grown in my PlantArea, such as pine (Pinus spp) and fir (Abies spp)]]> 2019-03-07 17:06:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/338970683 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the fut gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339343746 STEP 3 : Theophrastus to mark the history of the study of plants through two large botanical treaties . "Survey of plants" makes a remarkable description of the flora of Greece, the Eastern Mediterranean, common but also endemic species. The second, "Causes of Plants" describes plant diseases, cereals, seed conservation, domestication of wild species, development of growths or monstrosities, comparison of grasses with legumes, finally chapters on flavor and the smell of plants.]]> 2019-03-08 15:32:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339343746 THEME 4 : Plants as source for the foture gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339353449 STEP 4 : Write a clear review
Some co-learners have practically nothing to share on their PlantArea, this did not benefit us because we can not learn much from their areas.]]> 2019-03-08 15:53:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339353449 THEME 5 : Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339953318 The main threats to the medicinal plants of your PlantArea are:

- Over-exploitation

- growing urbanization

- habitat fragmentation through the conturction of the road networks

- the increase in field surpluses for food and cash cropping

- bad practice of collecting medicinal plants

- contruction of infrastructures (hydraulic, hydric, electric ...)

- etc.
https://journals.openedition.org/vertigo/1467#tocto2n8

]]> 2019-03-11 13:53:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/339953318 THEME 5: Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340002723 STEP 1
- In situ conservation that is defined through
• natural groves that are small degraded natural forests that are restored through the maintenance of existing species and the planting of threatened species. The government encourages practitioners of plant medicine to carry them out;
• the medicinal plant parks, it is a part of a forest with a high potential of medicinal plants which is delimited for the conservation of these species;
• reserves and classified forests
- ex situ conservation defined by
• botanical gardens
• the seed bank built by the National Forest Seed Center
• the conservation of cuttings made by the same Center in order to conserve the species by the asexual reproduction method.
- the training of practitioners of plant medicine in good plant harvesting practices used by the technical services of the conservation of plant species. |]]> 2019-03-11 15:14:21 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340002723 THEME 5 : Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340446846 STEP 2
Plant species endangered in my PlantArea
- Khaya senegalensis
- Afzelia africana
- Adansonia digitata
- Bombax costatum

Possible reasons for the threats:
- the fall in rainfall,
- bushfires,
- the growing demand for wood and non-wood products,
- increasing clearing due to population increase
- Cut green wood without waiting for fruit ripening
- The anarchic collection of pharmacopoeial products (medicine by plants).
http://www.ipsinternational.org/fr/_note.asp?idnews=6557
https://journals.openedition.org/vertigo/1467#tocto2n8

]]> 2019-03-12 14:49:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340446846 THEME 5 : Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340452661 Khaya senegalensis: threatened species, very slow growth]]> 2019-03-12 14:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340452661 THEME 5 : Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340801056 STEP 2 : A local volunteer organization called SOS Conservation wants to work to protect endangered species. The plan of their activities is defined as follows:
• Sensitization on the impacts of the disappearance of plants by the debate forums in the villages, the local media (radio, television, print media ...)
• Establishment of nurseries for plant breeding in danger;
• distribution of raised plants to shrub growers;
•Support for the delimitation and protection of areas occupied by endangered plants to make parks by villagois communities;
• training of practitioners of plant medicine in good plant harvesting practices;
• the creation of a seed bank for conservation.]]> 2019-03-13 11:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340801056 THEME 5 : Threatening factors of plant diversity gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340812695 STEP 3 : The comparison of my business plan with those of my co-learners has similarities to the threats to the plants, the proposed conservation methods, but there are also differences such as the targets that are the endangered plants that we must protect and the populations that must be sensitized. In PlantArea the target populations are low literacy and do not have enough means to support themselves. ]]> 2019-03-13 11:53:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/340812695 D gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346374022 2019-03-28 23:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346374022 DK gnoumoutisaac https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346374024 2019-03-28 23:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346374024 profimpex https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346950739 2019-03-31 21:06:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gnoumoutisaac/gnoumoutisaac/wish/346950739