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      <title>Effects of CO2 by Andrew Cass</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen</link>
      <description>Key points</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-02-07 08:53:23 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-12-14 19:24:10 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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         <title>Sea Level Rise</title>
         <author>andrewcass_thebear</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279746672</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>2 deg 7-12 m 2100<br></strong> "More than 600 million people live in low-elevation coastal areas, less than 10 meters above sea level <strong><br></strong><br><strong>4 deg 9-25 m 2100</strong><br>  $14 trillion per year for a median sea level rise of 0.86m, and up to $27 trillion per year for 1.8m. This would account for 2.8 per cent of global GDP in 2100."  <br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:35:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279746672</guid>
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         <title>Marine Organisms</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279748582</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Rising CO2 level--&gt; Lowe pH level<br>Atmospheric level of CO2 reaches 550ppm, coral reefs will dissipate<br>750ppm is the upper limit.<br><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267242/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267242/</a><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:41:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279748582</guid>
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         <title>Reduction of Arctic Sea Ice</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749013</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Population decline of polar bears<br>- More heat absorbed from the sunlight<br>- Rise of sea levels<br>- Release of carbon dioxide and methane to atmosphere<br>- Possible change of ocean circulations<br>- Reduction of fresh water reserves<br>- Opening new passages for shipping<br>- Emissions of methane could cost 60 trillion dollars<br><br><br></div><ol><li>Gail Whiteman, Chris Hope, Peter Wadhams. <strong>Climate science: Vast costs of Arctic change</strong>. <em>Nature</em>, 2013; 499 (7459): 401 DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/499401a">10.1038/499401a</a></li><li><a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/">https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/</a></li><li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/five-reasons-why-the-speed-of-arctic-sea-ice-loss-matters">https://www.carbonbrief.org/five-reasons-why-the-speed-of-arctic-sea-ice-loss-matters</a></li><li><a href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/">http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/</a></li></ol>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:42:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749013</guid>
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         <title>Increased acidity in seawater</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749104</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>From 1800 until 2100 the pH level of the world's oceans will drop from a basic level of 8.17 to 7.85 with the partial pressure of CO2 increasing from 270 to 700 ppm. (Figure 8.1, 66)<br><br>The acidity of seawater greatly affects the nutrients available to sustain marine systems, with phosphorus, iron and nitrogen as the most vital. (68) Marine life from shellfish to fish will be inhibited from proper respiration, feeding and reproduction due to increased CO2 concentrations. Other effects will include rising seawater temperature and shifting supply of nutrient channels. (68) Modeling impacts of CO2 levels is still not perfect and true effects on how adaptable marine life is not entirely known. (69)<br><br><a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.727.9524&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf#page=79">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.727.9524&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf#page=79</a> Chapter 8</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:43:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749104</guid>
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         <title>Contaminated drinking water.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749229</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-Sickness<br>-Will interfere with farming.<br>Costal life will become endangered. As well will wild life.<br>I FUCKING LOVE TURTLES<br><br>-The economy and real estate business will be hurt, due to the fact that 70% of all live is located near waters (mostly coasts).<br>&nbsp;<br><br>-Most likely, (own prediction) World war 4, by the time we already had World war 3. Again a war over resources.&nbsp; But also War over paramedical resources.<br><a href="https://usludgefree.org/information/water-health-drink">https://usludgefree.org/information/water-health-drink</a><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:43:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749229</guid>
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         <title>Health Effects</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749565</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><em>Temperature extremes</em> :-More daily deaths and disease events -primarily due to more hot days</div><div>"<strong>The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that heat may cost 1.8 labor hours per person across the U.S. workforce by 2100, which equates to $170 billion in lost wages. Millions of Americans have jobs that require outdoor work, which leaves them vulnerable to intense heat. </strong>" (1)<br><br></div><div><em>Food poisoning </em>: Greater risk at higher temperatures&nbsp;</div><div><strong>"The monthly incidence of food poisoning was found to be significantly associated with the temperature of the same and of the previous month with the latter having the stronger effect. Using published data on the relationship between reported and actual numbers of cases of food poisoning, it is estimated that annually there might be an additional 179 000 cases of food poisoning by the year 2050 as a result of climate change. " (2)</strong><br>"</div><div><br><em>Regional Crop Yields</em> : Reduction in many low latitude and low rainfall regions<br><br><em>Fisheries</em>:&nbsp; Declines or shifts in local fisheries: protein shortages (in poor populations). Possible increased contamination <br><strong>"If we maintain current emission rates, the researchers found, global fishing revenues could well have dropped by 10%, or $10 billion a year, come 2050. If the low-emissions scenario is achieved, the fishing industry stands to lose a more modest 7% of its annual haul, according to the team." ? (3</strong>)<br>Sea level rise:&nbsp; Health consequences of population displacement, lost livelihood, exposure to coastal storm surges and floods. Salinisation of freshwater and coastal soil. <br><br>1.<a href="https://www.epa.gov/cira/climate-action-benefits-labor">https://www.epa.gov/cira/climate-action-benefits-labor</a><br>2.<a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01212585">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01212585</a><br>3.<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2016/10/06/global-fisheries-will-lose-10b-a-year-to-climate-change-by-2050/#7d0e02837d65">https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2016/10/06/global-fisheries-will-lose-10b-a-year-to-climate-change-by-2050/#7d0e02837d65</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:44:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749565</guid>
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         <title>Efficiency of Oceans</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749719</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>25% reduced efficiency of carbon intake by the oceans, from 2000 - 2100, due to the levels of dissolved CO2</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://search-proquest-com.ez-scv.statsbiblioteket.dk:12048/docview/204473418?accountid=35465" />
         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:45:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279749719</guid>
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         <title>Land-use change</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279750241</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;Soil carbon stocks decline after:</div><ul><li>&nbsp;Land use changes from pasture to plantation −10% ;</li><li>&nbsp;Native forest to plantation −13% ;</li><li>&nbsp;Native forest to crop −42%;</li><li>&nbsp;Pasture to crop −59% .</li></ul><div>&nbsp;Soil carbon stocks increase after:</div><ul><li>Native forest to pasture +8%;&nbsp;</li><li>Crop to pasture +19%;</li><li>Crop to plantation +18%;</li><li>Crop to secondary forest +53% .</li></ul><div>Broadleaf tree plantations placed onto native forest or pastures did not affect soil carbon stocks, whereas pine&nbsp; plantations reduced soil carbon stocks by 12–15%. <br><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:46:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279750241</guid>
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         <title>Reduction in CO2 absorption by deforestation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752147</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>*Around 5.9 Gt CO2 goes back to atmosphere every single year cause of deforestation<br><br><a href="http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/Documents/Publications/08_12_REDD_Report.pdf">http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/Documents/Publications/08_12_REDD_Report.pdf</a><br>A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3–0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> g) CO<sub>2</sub>·yr<sup>−1</sup> in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion·yr<sup>−1</sup> for 30 years<br><br> *A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5–2.7 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>·yr<sup>−1</sup> in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion·yr <br><br>That would account for 37,5 - 67,5 Gt CO2 savings per 25 year period from 2005 to 2030<br><br> A recent assessment, using three well known energy models, suggested that meeting a 550 parts per million stabilization target would require society to reduce CO2 emissions by �3.5 Gt CO2�yr1 between 2010 and 2030, and would cost $9 t CO2 <br><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/105/30/10302.short">http://www.pnas.org/content/105/30/10302.short</a><br>*From 2001 and 2017, there was a total of 337Mha of tree cover loss globally, equivalent to a 8.4% decrease since 2000 and 24.7Gt of CO₂ emissions.<br><a href="https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/global">https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/global</a><br><br>***See tree coverage interactive map hereunder:<br><br><a href="https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/3/65.86/34.29/ALL/grayscale/forest2000?tab=analysis-tab&amp;threshold=30&amp;dont_analyze=true">https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/3/65.86/34.29/ALL/grayscale/forest2000?tab=analysis-tab&amp;threshold=30&amp;dont_analyze=true</a><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:52:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752147</guid>
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         <title>Shifts in Precipitation Pattern</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752562</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Higher temperatures intensify the hydrological cycles, shifting precipitation patters <br>I.e. northern europe has become 10 - 40 % wetter<br>Southern europe has become <br>~ 20 % drier</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/water-resources/climate-impacts-on-water-resources" />
         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:54:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752562</guid>
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         <title>Warmer oceans</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752567</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>GHG effects oceans too. This leads to decrease of phytoplankton which limits the ocean´s ability to take carbon&nbsp; through the fast carbon cycle.<br><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle</a><br><a href="https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/ocean_warming_issues_brief_final.pdf">https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/ocean_warming_issues_brief_final.pdf</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-09-11 08:54:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279752567</guid>
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         <title>Plants</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279755883</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;An increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>and temperature would accelerate the growth process of plants.<br>Shorter growth stage.<br>Vitamin C content is reduced by high CO2 content.<br><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925521497014142">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925521497014142</a><br><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187724#sec024">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187724#sec024</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2018-09-11 09:04:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/andrewcass_thebear/s03u2100fen/wish/279755883</guid>
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