https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x 共鸣之作 en-us 2020-11-19 16:50:07 UTC 2025-06-09 14:51:41 UTC hello@padlet.com xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/942256754 The female Anopheles mosquito A bites Patient A]]> 2020-11-19 16:51:23 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/942256754 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1088829941 Female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the vectors of plasmodium falciparum. Vectors can transmit infectious protists to other living organisms. They prefer tropical climate.]]> 2021-01-14 19:08:48 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1088829941 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1088853134 The plasmodium parasite  travel to the mosquito's slave (secreted to prevent blood clots) and entered Patient A's bloodstream through capillaries.]]> 2021-01-14 19:13:32 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1088853134 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090759559 The sporozoites swim to Patient A's liver via the bloodstream]]> 2021-01-15 11:25:57 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090759559 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090770558 Sporozoites infect liver cells where they develop and grow.]]> 2021-01-15 11:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090770558 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090791431 The nucleus of sporozoites divide and each can produce 20,000 plasmodium cells, in the form of merozoites.]]> 2021-01-15 11:39:41 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090791431 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090807327 The merozoites burst out of the liver cells, killing the liver cells simultaneously. Since liver is wrapped around by many bloodstreams, those merozoites enter the bloodstream]]> 2021-01-15 11:46:52 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090807327 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090825171 Merozoites in the bloodstream invade RBCs, repeating the same process as they were in the liver cells--divide, reproduce, burst out, and further infect other RBCS. Killing the RBCs at the same time of course.]]> 2021-01-15 11:55:25 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090825171 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090830110 Some other infecting merozoites develop into oval-shaped female or male gametocytes in RBCs. The gametocytes do not harm human hosts.]]> 2021-01-15 11:57:44 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090830110 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090840662 Female Anopheles mosquito B bites the infected Patient A, taking in the gametocytes into its gut where they initiate the next stage in the plasmodium parasites' life cycle.]]> 2021-01-15 12:02:39 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090840662 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090849997 In the Mosquito B's gut, the gametocytes escape from the RBCs and develop into male or female gametes.]]> 2021-01-15 12:06:33 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090849997 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090856210 The female and male gametes fuse to produce the next generation--the zygote, which then matures into a motile cell ---ookinete.]]> 2021-01-15 12:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090856210 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090863592 The ookinete migrates to the cell walls of the gut in Mosquito B where it develops into a Oocyst, with which the new generation of sporozoites were produced.]]> 2021-01-15 12:12:59 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090863592 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090869442 The Oocyst reputures, releasing the sporozoites to Mosquito B's salivary glands.]]> 2021-01-15 12:15:40 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090869442 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090875514 Infected Mosquito B goes off to take a blood meal from Patient B. Then the whole process repeats and Patient B is infected.]]> 2021-01-15 12:18:37 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090875514 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090887153 Malaria is caused by the plasmodium falciparum--a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans.]]> 2021-01-15 12:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090887153 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090917277 The infection of RBCs and liver cells will yield waves of infection and eruption. These waves are directly correlated with the cycle of cold and fever Patient A will experience.]]> 2021-01-15 12:37:56 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090917277 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090943853 As the body loses RBCs, it notifies the immune system which produce a symptom similar to that of flu.]]> 2021-01-15 12:49:13 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090943853 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090948476 When RBCs rupture, bilirubin proteins that are inside the RBCs are released. They deposit under skin and contributing to a yellowish color of skin and eyes.]]> 2021-01-15 12:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090948476 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090957469 The hemoglobin inside the RBCs carry oxygen to the tissues and organs while transporting CO2 back to lungs. Witn many RBCs being destroyed, the oxygen and CO2 wouldn't be transported efficiently, causing oxygen deficiency in vital organs that can lead to death.]]> 2021-01-15 12:54:42 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090957469 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090974682 Usually after two weeks of the Mosquito bite, when the sporozoites are dividing in the liver cells, there wouldn't be any symptoms showing. This asymptomatic period is called the incubation period.]]> 2021-01-15 13:01:27 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1090974682 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092107695 Distributing nets specially treated with insecticide can effectively prevent the  mosquito to transmit  parasites. Currently, WHO and its affiliated scientists have invented nets can contain up to 20 people and whose efficacy can last up to three years. ]]> 2021-01-15 17:20:47 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092107695 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092140838 DDT is a highly-effective chemical compound used as an insecticide. Even though it has been banned in a lot of places due to the environmental hazards and healthy risks under its exposure, it is still in use  in malaria-plagued Africa and Asia. By killing the mosquito, the vectors will be reduced, thus decreasing the infection chances.]]> 2021-01-15 17:28:02 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092140838 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092206671 Since malaria can only be transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes infected with plasmodium falciparum, scientists have been trying to alter the genes of these mosquitos, making them immune to the parasites and passing on the genes to their posterities. Scientists are also modeling to find the best place to release these mutated mosquitoes to achieve the best result.]]> 2021-01-15 17:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092206671 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092272869 Rapid Diagnostic Test take advantage of the  interaction of a fixed reagent of either target antigen or antibody that is linked to some type of visible detector (that then reacts with a patient sample) to test the existence of parasite in blood. It is easy to conduct and quick in reporting results.]]> 2021-01-15 17:56:35 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092272869 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092296817 Blood Smear is one of the most effective and accurate way to test for the parasite in blood. Usually in a Patient's blood under the microscope, there will be some dots in the centre of the RBCs as an indication of infection. But blood smear require a lab condition which might not be available in some rural areas.]]> 2021-01-15 18:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092296817 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092329792 It is the intervention process of administering antimalarial drugs to a group of people in an area with high malaria risk. These people are not tested for malaria, but taking the drug can kill the parasites inside their body regardless of whether the parasites exist in their body, The drug also provides a short period of immunity to the disease. ]]> 2021-01-15 18:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1092329792 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1096991333 Liver cells make bile--important for the body to absorb fat into the bloodstream. Therefore, the damage and reduce in numbers of the liver cell will cause less secretion of bile-->disrupted digestion-->malnutrition]]> 2021-01-18 07:36:36 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1096991333 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097002710 Liver filters old blood cells. Without enough liver cells, blood will thicken due to large number of residual blood cells--> blood clots.]]> 2021-01-18 07:40:30 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097002710 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097114547 Less liver cells---> More digestive problems--> Less nutrients absorbed--> Lower efficiency of Liver function]]> 2021-01-18 08:15:31 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097114547 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097127813 Plasmodium parasites consume hemoglobin--> Lower oxygen level--> less oxygen transported to vital organs such as heart--> lower efficiency of organ function--> less RBCs made]]> 2021-01-18 08:19:35 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097127813 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097162957 2021-01-18 08:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097162957 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097163943 2021-01-18 08:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097163943 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097164479 2021-01-18 08:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097164479 xuantongzhou https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097165081 2021-01-18 08:31:09 UTC https://padlet.com/xuantongzhou/rzsf0il7b5r64g4x/wish/1097165081