U.S. Justifications for Vietnam (eve 1) by https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt On your Wikipedia page, you must include the following: 1.) Important dates, events, or, people 2.) Relevant Causes and Effects of your assigned topic on involvement in Vietnam 3.) At least one visual source (image, video, map or chart) relevant to your event. 4.) Links to any sources you consulted! en-us 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC 2024-02-21 09:23:54 UTC hello@padlet.com JFK ASSASSINATION Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917518 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917518 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917519 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917519 Ngo Dinh Diem's Election, Rule, and Assassination  Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917521
(3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963)
Born in a prominent Catholic family, the son of a high-ranking civil servant. He was educated at French-speaking schools.

After serving as the emperor Bao Dai's minister of the interior for less than one year, Diem resigned after the French refused to support his legislative proposals. ]]> 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917521 Gulf of Tonkin Incident Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917522 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917522 Colonial Vietnam “French Indochina” Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917524 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917524 Colonial Vietnam “French Indochina” (1858 - 1954) Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917525
  • 1858: The French colonial empire occupied and seized Vietnam with a bloody invasion of port of Da Nang
  • Over the course of 50 years, the French took claim over territories that would later be called Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia (they named it “French IndoChina”)
  • French set up a series of puppet emperors and employed French-speaking Vietnamese officials
  • French lived on plantation estates and in cities like Saigon in which they built structures inspired by French architecture 
  • French put citizens to work building roads, canals, railroads, bridges and farms to mass produce crops like rice and rubber
    • ]]>     2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917525     . Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917526 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917526 Ho Chi Minh and The Viet Minh Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917527
  • Ho Chi Minh was born in 1890  to Vietnamese official in the French Regime. He received a French education. After participating in an anti-french demonstration he was expelled from school. He left Vietnam in 1911 and lived in exile for 30 years. 
  • By early 20th century, Vietnamese nationalism was on the rise because the people weren’t happy with French rule and the French colonial government harshly punished those who resisted the empire
  • After WWI he tried to deliver a petition for Vietnamese independence to Woodrow Wilson that outlined plans for independence but it was never delivered to President Woodrow Wilson
  • Minh became founded Vietnamese nationalist group fighting for independence called VIET MINH
  • He had many aliases and traveled to many European counties. He spent time with French socialists, Chinese communists, and lived in NYC as a baker. 
  • 1941: Ho snuck back into Vietnam and called for Vietnamese independence. He gained support from locals and founded the Viet Minh, a North Vietnamese counter-insurgency military
    • ]]>     2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917527     Ho Chi Minh Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917530 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917530 17th Parallel Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917531 2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917531 Geneva Accords 1954 Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917532
  • World leaders from 9 nations meet in Geneva, France to decide the political future of Asia – talks lasted for two months
  • Nations and Ho Chi Minh decided on an agreement – Vietnam would be split by a demilitarized zone called the “17th parallel” and the territory was divided into North and South Vietnam until an election was held that would help reunify the two halves
  • An election that would unify the two halves wouldn’t happen for another 20 years...
    • ]]>     2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917532     French Indo-China War Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917533
  • During WW2, French colony Vietnam occupied by Japan until March 1945
  • After the Japanese surrender, the Viet Minh, a communist organization led by Hồ Chí Minh, declared Vietnamese independence
  • French regains control over Vietnam after Japanese defeated by Allies 
  • French send more army troops to South Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh’s resistance army in North Vietnam fights back!
  • An independence war, known as the First Indochina War, broke out in late 1946 between French and Viet Minh forces
  • The United States had been supporting the French out of concern that a victory for Ho’s forces would be the first step in communist expansion throughout Southeast Asia
  • The French eventually surrendered after massive casualities (1946-1954)
    • ]]>     2021-04-20 02:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1435917533     Sources: Webbhumanities https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436005101 History.com]]> 2021-04-20 02:40:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436005101 John F. Kennedy's Assassination https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436017192 Nov. 22, 1963: John F. Kennedy was shot on the street while he was riding in a motorcade for a campaign.]]> 2021-04-20 02:45:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436017192 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436017256 1962 -
    US reconnaissance planes discovered that the Russians were building underground sites in Cuba for launching offensive missiles that could reach the US in minutes. 

    JFK announced to the world that he was setting up a naval blockade of Cuba until the weapons were removed]]>     2021-04-20 02:45:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436017256     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018119 2021-04-20 02:46:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018119 Sources https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018405 https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/learning-from-the-missile-crisis-68901679/

    https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1960s-america/a/the-cuban-missile-crisis

    ]]>     2021-04-20 02:46:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018405     Causes & Effects https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018748 The main cause for the crisis was the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union. After the Cuban Revolution, Castro relied on the Soviet Union for protection against possible future US aggression. The Soviet Union provided nuclear weapons for Cuba on the condition that it would be kept a secret until the missiles were ready for use. In 1962, American spy planes flying over Cuba saw missile installation sites, leading the US to interfere. The provision of nuclear missiles led the two world powers to one of the closest encounters with nuclear war. ]]> 2021-04-20 02:46:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018748 What Happened? https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018912 In late July, 1964, the USS Maddox (A destroyer ship) was stationed at the Gulf of Tonkin, located in between the island of Hainan and Northern Vietnam, for reconnaissance. 
    - On August 1st, North Vietnamese patrol boats started to track the Maddox, and the Maddox retreated
    - However, the next day, when the Maddox returned, three Vietnamese torpedo boats were approaching the Maddox. 
    - The Maddox requested that another carrier utilize its air support to fend off the torpedo boats. One torpedo boat was badly damaged, and the Maddox avoided harm.
    - The US now believed that the North Vietnamese were targeting its intelligence-gathering operations, while the North Vietnamese believed that the Maddox was taking part in the raids in North Vietnam.
    - On August 4th, another alleged attack took place, with more Vietnamese boats attacking the Maddox and other ship sent to assist the Maddox. The validity and details of these claims are not in depth enough to fully claim that an attack happened.
    - The US Government believes this attack happened, however, and passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, increasing US military involvement in Vietnam.]]>     2021-04-20 02:46:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018912     Background & Start of War https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018920 - After the defeat of the French colonists, Vietnam was divided into southern and northern halves.
    - Elections were supposed to happen for reform and unity. South Vietnam leader Ngo Dinh Diem refused to hold elections, which the US had supported.
    - Diem's policies broke down his support, and his hold on South Vietnam was so terrible he was overthrown, approved by JFK's administration.
    - JFK provided military advisors for Diem but later began to rethink his ineptitude. This led to a coup.
    - Operation Plan 34-Alpha was a classified program of actions against North Vietnam. 
    - The night before the launch, a team of agents were captured in North Vietnam. Two flights of bombers attacked the border outposts.
    - The Hanoi government probably thought that this was all working together to fight against North Vietnam.

    ]]>     2021-04-20 02:46:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436018920     Time and place https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436019603 November 22, 1963, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX]]> 2021-04-20 02:46:40 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436019603 The Threat of Communism https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436022283 If the US didn't already feel threatened by the spread of communism, they definitely did after the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuba, once a military base for the US, underwent a communist revolution similar to many other countries around the world. But this was during the midst of the Cold war, when the nuclear arms race was in full fledge. Unlike modern day ICBMs, the Soviet union had no missiles that could hit the US from across the pacific ocean, and would have to rely on nuclear submarines and aircraft carries. But when the now communist Cuban dictator made a deal to setup Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, suddenly most of the United States was vulnerable to a nuclear attack. Even though it eventually de-escalated, it was the most intense moment of the cold war, and the closest humanity has come to M.A.D. (Mutually assured destruction). It was no wonder the US feared another crisis could form, where a pro-Soviet dictator could take power and plot to take down America and her allies.]]> 2021-04-20 02:47:47 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436022283 United State Response https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436023285 Immediately after the attack, President  Lyndon Johnson requested permission to retaliate on national TV. 

    President Lyndon Johnson undermines United State's role and depicts US in a defensive position.

    The media work with such statement to create an need for military action.

    Congress Wayne Morse rejected this idea and work  to stop this "Act of War".His action come no avail.]]>     2021-04-20 02:48:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436023285     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436023626 2021-04-20 02:48:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436023626 Assassination https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436024497 - Happened days after the overthrow of his government by Southern Vietnam military
    - November 2nd, 1963: President Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother were captured and killed by a group of soldiers
    - His death caused celebration among many people in South Vietnam, but also led to political chaos
    - The United States became more involved to help stabilize the Southern Vietnamese Government and beat back the growing threat of communist rebels 
    -Later, it was revealed that US officials encouraged the officials who organized the coup because of Diem's growing dictatorial rule. ]]>     2021-04-20 02:48:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436024497     Sources https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436024866 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ngo-dinh-diem-assassinated-in-south-vietnam 

    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ngo-Dinh-Diem


    ]]>     2021-04-20 02:48:51 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436024866     Lee Harvey Oswald https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436026153 Oswald was arrested for the assassination of JFK.
    - Born in New Orleans, stayed in orphanages and sent to youth detention center for truancy.
    - Interested in socialism
    - Joined marines in 1956, discovered marxism.
    - Defected to USSR, denied citizenship but allowed to stay. Monitored by KGB.
    - Returned to Texas with soviet wife and child.
    - Hated capitalism and wanted to strike at the system.]]>     2021-04-20 02:49:25 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436026153     Rule https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436026720 Dictatorial and presidental power over South Vietnam. (1955-1963)]]> 2021-04-20 02:49:40 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436026720 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436027006 - Ngo Dinh Diem took advantage of the discordant situation in South Vietnam gained power

    - Diem created an autocratic regime staffed with his own family members]]>     2021-04-20 02:49:46 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436027006     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436034298 The funeral of  Ngo Dinh Diem]]> 2021-04-20 02:52:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436034298 Causes & Effects https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436034885 Kennedy did a commendable role in reducing the cold war tensions. His statement in 1963 revealed that he was unlikely to bolster South Vietnamese with US troops. 

    His assassination caused unease worldwide as the incident occurred during the Cold War. People feared that the shooting was part of a larger attack on the US. 

    His successor Lyndon Johnson also tried to prove his ability as a new president, so he would not disappoint the US people. In foreign policy, he claimed "I will not lose in Vietnam". ]]>     2021-04-20 02:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436034885     The Cuban Missile Crisis https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436035041 - The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 is when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict
    - Involved calculations and miscalculations, direct and secret communication and miscommunications
    - Primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin, with little bureaucracies involved
    - The Cuban missile crisis stands as a singular event during the Cold War and strengthened Kennedy’s image domestically and internationally.
    ]]>     2021-04-20 02:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436035041     Potential Nuclear War https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436036990 For thirteen days in October the two countries were on the brink of nuclear war.

    However, the Khrushchev finally agreed to remove their missiles in Cuba, in exchange for Kennedy to not invade the island and later to remove some missiles in Turkey. 

    In 1963,  the Soviet Union, the US and more than 100 other nations signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty to end the testing of nuclear weapons. ]]>     2021-04-20 02:54:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436036990     Sources https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436038273 https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/jfk-assassination
    https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2020/11/without-dallas-john-f-kennedy-and-the-vietnam-war/
    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/jfk-foreign-affairs/
    https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-f-kennedy/]]>     2021-04-20 02:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436038273     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436039889 - Diem was known for often imprisoning and killing people that opposed his regime

    - He claimed his victims to be communists

    - This eventually sparked much outrage against his rule, leading to many protests

    ]]>     2021-04-20 02:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436039889     JFK and Communism https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042224 By 1963, Americans' effort to prevent the spread of communism is failing in South Vietnam. While more and more Vietnamese began to gravitate to Communism, JFK struggled to get Communism under his control]]> 2021-04-20 02:56:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042224 Video Resource Explaining The Gulf Of Tonkin Incident https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042647 2021-04-20 02:56:32 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042647 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042887 2021-04-20 02:56:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436042887 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436047744 2021-04-20 02:58:52 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436047744 Sources https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436051522 https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution-1
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident

    Bauer, Patricia. "Gulf of Tonkin incident". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Jul. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/event/Gulf-of-Tonkin-incident. Accessed 22 April 2021.]]>     2021-04-20 02:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436051522     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436053898 2021-04-20 03:00:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436053898 Overall Goal: Prevent Communism From Being Spread to Vietnam https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436058456 2021-04-20 03:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1436058456 John F. Kennedy https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1445314990 -  Kennedy was born in Massachusetts in 1917. He went to Harvard then joined the navy, and served during WWII. 
    - He was a democratic congressman and advanced to senate in 1953.
    - Put economic programs and new civil rights legislation in action. 
    - Wanted America to continue as the first nation dedicated to the revolution of human rights, and brought aid to developing nations. However, communism remained a challenge for the US's international affairs.
    - His administration during the Cuban crisis and the Cold War gave Americans hope for equal rights and world peace.


    ]]>     2021-04-22 02:24:53 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1445314990     https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1445330462 After the assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem there was wide spread celebration among the people of the south. But the assassination plummeted Vietnam into chaos, as there was no leader/government. It also lead to the U.S becoming more involved in Vietnam, as they tried to stabilize the government and fight back rising communist rebels ]]> 2021-04-22 02:30:21 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/rzs9vi15z5k37qdt/wish/1445330462