Review Padlet by Abigail Meyer

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:15:32 UTC

- Anything that has mass but takes up space

E x a m p l e s

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:19:14 UTC

- gases
- solids
- liquids

O t h e r

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:21:25 UTC

- Matter is made up of atoms, and atoms come together to form molecules.

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:24:00 UTC

- Energy is the ability to function, change, or do work.

E x a m p l e s

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:25:27 UTC

- heat
- light
- motion
- chemical

O t h e r

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 01:54:42 UTC

- calories is a unit of energy
- chemical energy in molecules exist because have to many or too few electrons
- chemical energy is found in high energy bonds (C-C and C-H bonds) in molecules
- energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
- energy lasts forever

What is Calorimetry?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:20:12 UTC

- The process of measuring amounts of heat released/absorbed during a chemical reaction

What is a Calorimeter?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:25:39 UTC

- A tool used to measure the energy stored in food by burning samples. Measuring the amount of heat given off by food can provide data to calculate the number of calories.

Procedure

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:30:53 UTC

1) Measure the initial mass of the food sample
2) Measure initial water temperature
3) Burn food sample
4) Measure final mass of the food
5) Measure the final water temperature
6) Calculate the change in mass of the food sample and the change in water temperature

How can we use this information to plan a healthy diet?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:36:44 UTC

- This lab determines number of calories per gram to help find a healthy balance.

What did learn?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:37:53 UTC

- There is a direct relationship between the release of energy as heat + calories.
-Calories measure the heat contents of food we consume
- More calories means more energy released as heat
- When food breaks down, it releases energy
- Heat is a measure of energy
- Calories is a unit of energy

Table of food samples

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:40:46 UTC

Matter Movement

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:45:55 UTC

1) How do molecules move to the location of the chemical change?
4) How do molecules move away from the location of the chemical change?

The matter movement question can be answered with a scale

- A change in mass shows that molecules are moving

Matter Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:46:06 UTC

2) How are atoms in molecules being rearranged into different molecules (where are atoms before and after the change?)

The matter change question can be answered with BTB, which can detect CO2 in the air

- Atoms last forever

- Atoms can be rearranged, but not created or destroyed.

Energy Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 02:46:17 UTC

3) What is happening to the energy? (What forms of energy are involved and what transformation takes during the change?)

The energy change question can be answered with our senses, by observing forms of energy before and after the change.

- Energy can be transformed, not created or destroyed
- Energy lasts forever

Questions in order

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:15:18 UTC

1) How do molecules move to the location of the chemical change?)

2) How are atoms in molecules being rearranged into different molecules (where are atoms before and after the change?)

3) What is happening to the energy? (What forms of energy are involved and what transformation takes during the change?)

4) How do molecules move away from the location of the chemical change?

V i d e o

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:26:35 UTC

Matter Movement

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:27:09 UTC

- When ethanol begins to burn, the oxygen in the air and the ethanol react.
- The products of the reaction release into the air or as a foggy liquid on top of the jar.
- We know that there was matter movement, because after the reaction, we noticed a slight change in mass.

Matter Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:31:21 UTC

- When ethanol burns, the reactants are oxygen and ethanol
- the products of this reaction are water and carbon dioxide.
- In the flame the atoms in ethanol and oxygen get rearranged to produce/ transfer into carbon dioxide and water.
- During this reaction, BTB turned yellow due to the presence of carbon dioxide released as well as a slight fog building up at the top of the container.

Energy Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:38:16 UTC

- When these atoms are rearranged, the chemical energy stored in unstable bonds inside ethanol (C-C and C-H) are transformed into heat, light, and motion energy.
- We know these energy's are present just by watching the reaction. The flame produces light which we can see, you can feel the heat radiating from the flame, and you can see the movement of the flame as well.

Ethanol Burning Formula

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:44:04 UTC

C2H5OH + O2 = CO2 + H2O

V i d e o

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:48:13 UTC

Matter movement

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:51:17 UTC

- Mealworms mass increased while potato's mass decreased. Mealworms gained less mass than the amount of potato they consumed.
- Atoms inside the potato (mostly carbs) were digested inside the mealworm into energy inside the potato's unstable high energy bonds and released through waste and breathing. Atoms were released during the change (water and CO2).

Matter Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:54:45 UTC

- BTB changed color from blue to greenish yellow, along with waste products
- this means that carbon dioxide was present along with waste (waste is a mixture of carbs, water, and carbon dioxide)

Energy Change

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:56:43 UTC

- The mealworms moved a lot more after consumption of the potato.
- The potato consumed
had stored chemical energy inside the large organic molecules that was converted into motion energy (and heat energy, which is not seen)

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 05:59:40 UTC

Molecules usually found in living systems. Organic molecules are composed of carbon atoms in long chains which are attached other atoms such as as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

E x a m p l e s

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:02:59 UTC

- carbohydrates
- fats
- proteins
- DNA

O t h e r

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:03:43 UTC

- Organic molecules contain unstable, high energy bonds found in between C-C and C-H bonds.

- Large organic molecules can be broken down into small organic molecules: Carbs = simple sugars; Fats = fatty acids; Proteins = amino acids.

- Organic molecules burn

- There are organic materials in:

All living things (decomposers, plants, animals)
Dead things that once lived (leaves, wood, cotton)
Foods (veggies, meat)
Fuels such as coal, gasoline, natural gas, candle wax
Plastics

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:11:44 UTC

Molecules that aren't organic. Inorganic molecules do not any chemical energy/ unstable bonds (contain carbon - hydrogen or carbon - carbon bonds) Inorganic molecules are generally simple.

E x a m p l e s

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:14:25 UTC

- water
- carbon dioxide
- salt
- irons
- minerals

O t h e r

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:15:02 UTC

- Organic molecules do not burn

C o m b u s t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:19:23 UTC

Burning. A chemical change where a substance (fuel) reacts with oxygen from the air and transfers energy inside fuel into heat, light, and motion energy.

Examples:
- Burning of wood
- Burning of ethanol
- Burning of gasoline

D i g e s t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:32:58 UTC

The process of digestion occurs in our stomach and intestines. Digestion breaks down large organic molecules in our food into small organic molecules. These smaller organic molecules can then enter our bloodstream and be transported to all of our body's cells to be used for other process such as energy for cellular respiration or biosynthesis.

1) Breaking down of food starts in our mouths. Chewing and saliva help to first start dividing the large organic molecules.

2) Food then goes into the stomach , where acids inside chemically break down large organic molecules even more to get ready to enter the small intestine.

3) Small intestine is where the break down of large organic molecules is completed. The rest of foods nutrients/small organic molecules is absorbed here into the bloodstream.

4) Finally, the large intestine absorbs water and salts from materials that cannot be digested. The rest of these materials leave as waste.

Cellular Respiration

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:43:30 UTC

The process that releases energy stored in glucose to make ATP, the molecule that powers all cell function.

The equation
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (energy)
C6H12O6 + (6)O2 = (6)CO2 + (6) H2)

Stages
1) Glycolysis
2) Krebs Cycle
3) Electron Transport

Cellular respiration is the process that provides energy for our cells to function.

B i o s y n t h e s i s

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 06:53:51 UTC

A complex process. In biosynthesis, small organic molecules that were digested are either joined to form large organic molecules, converted into other organic molecules, or modified through metabolic pathways. Biosynthesis helps you grow or gain mass by combining small compounds into large compounds.

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:00:36 UTC

Cells in short are building blocks that preform various functions throughout the body.

E x a m p l e

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:02:56 UTC

C e l l T h e o r y

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:03:11 UTC

1) All living things are composed of one or more cells

2) The cell is the basic unit of life

3) New cells arise from pre-existing cells

D e f i n i t i o n

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:06:33 UTC

- a required label on the back of most packaged foods, displaying calories and nutrients on a food.

E x a m p l e

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:07:45 UTC

O t h e r

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:09:10 UTC

- Calories measure the amount of energy inside foods bonds.

- Minerals and salts only make up < 1% of the foods we eat. ! Inorganic !

- Fats, Carbs, Proteins are displayed (organic molecules in a food)

- Fat + Protein + Carbs = grams of organic molecules. Subtract this from the label's serving size to get the amount of water in grams per serving inside a food.

Circulatory System

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:15:43 UTC

circulates blood-flow in our bodies and transports nutrients such as oxygen or small organic materials.

Respiratory System

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:20:52 UTC

Functions of the respiratory system:
1) converting oxygen to carbon dioxide
2) breathing (air)
3) sound production
4) sense of smell
5) removing dust and microbes that may be harmful/ carbon dioxide.

Connection

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:26:10 UTC

The respiratory works with the circulatory system to provide oxygen for the body. Oxygen taken in from the respiratory system is transported into blood vessels that then move oxygenated blood to tissues and cells.

Circulatory System

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:28:03 UTC

Respiratory System

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:30:38 UTC

What happens when ethanol burns?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:31:23 UTC

During combustion, the atoms in ethanol and oxygen are rearranged into carbon dioxide and water. The chemical energy in C-C and C-H bonds in ethanol transform into heat, light, and motion energy.

How do animals move?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:31:36 UTC

The food we eat is digested to provide energy. Cellular Respiration occurs to produce ATP energy for basic functions, like walking, running, growth, reproduction, e.t.c.

How do animals grow?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:31:43 UTC

Biosynthesis. It uses digested small organic compounds and modifies them/connects them into more complex compounds or large organic molecules to grow body cells.

What happens to fat when exercising?

fpsmeyera591 — 2020-12-19 07:31:51 UTC

During cellular respiration, the body uses energy stored in fat to lose weight. When those high energy bonds stored in fat are used, the atoms in fat cells are rearranged and leave the body as carbon dioxide and water through sweat, waste, breathing, e.t.c.