(ii) Disorders not included. Specific learning disability does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of intellectual disability, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.

• Central Nervous System Dysfunction

• Genetic Factors

• Medical Factors (birth complications, childhood illness)

• Teratogenic Factors

• Learning Disabilities affect 5-6% of children aged 6-17

• Almost half of all students receiving special education services have a learning disability.

• Specific Learning Disabilities have doubled since 1977.

• Approximately 2.33 million students are considered to have a Specific Learning Disability in the United States.

• Direct Instruction

• Graphic Organizers

• Peer Tutoring

• Teach students how to self-monitor

• Scaffold Instruction

• Visual Aids

• Follow good prenatal care and guidelines

• Live a healthy lifestyle while pregnant

• Monitor for early signs

It is important to note that it is impossible to prevent all SLD cases.

• Memory and metacognitive problems

• Motivational Problems

• Attention and hyperactivity disorders

• Inactive learner

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-are-learning-disabilities?utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=google-search-grant&utm_campaign=g_en_mb_learning%20disabilitiesej&utm_content=learning%20disabilities%20symptoms%20nb&utm_term=learning%20disabilities%20symptoms_exact&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=10221404115&gbraid=0AAAAADo4Wqe29DhsaL1-u2u-O-C3J9tBa&gclid=CjwKCAjwp_LDBhBCEiwAK7FnkhKm3VxFVy7yz8urpyBPutppAFHH_vDGDiQfYvhX8RCvUDNKrIZyLhoCY1IQAvD_BwE

(i) Is due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and Tourette syndrome; and

(ii) Adversely affects a child’s educational performance."

• Neurological Dysfunction- Imbalances in brain chemistry

• Hereditary- runs in families

• Environmental Factors- Maternal drug abuse, lead poisoning, low birth weight

• It is estimated that 3-9% of the school age population has ADHD.

• ADHD is becoming more prevalent and is one of the fastest growing disabilities.

• Complete a Functional Behavior Analysis to determine causes for student's behaviors.

• Teach self-regulation and self-monitoring

• Help students with organization

• Allow students extra time to complete assignments

• Movement breaks

• Preferential Seating

• During pregnancy, mothers should avoid toxins, drugs, and alcohol. The mother should monitor and control stress, and lead a healthy lifestyle while pregnant.

• While it is hard to prevent ADHD, as it is often genetic, it is important that a child receives early intervention if they are diagnosed.

• Inattention

• Hyperactivity

• Executive Function Problems

• Behavior difficulties

• Social issues

• Academic dfficulties

(A) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

(B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

(C) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.

(D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

(E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

(ii) Emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia. The term does not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they have an emotional disturbance under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section."

• Genetic Influences- autism, OCD, Bipolar disorder, depression, Tourettes Syndrome

•  Biological factors: infection, lead poisoning, toxin exposure

• Psychosocial- parental discord, poverty, maltreatment, poor nutrition, poor healthcare

• The exact prevalence of ED is almost impossible to determine.

• Emotional Disturbances are the 6th largest category for children identified in special education.

• This disability could possibly be the most under-identified due to social stigma and how this disability is identified.

• Teach time management

• Class ambience

• Teach students how to self-monitor

• Teach social skills

• Teach students how to problem solve

• Teach conflict resolution

• Use behavioral plans if necessary for more severe cases

• Chronic school failure

• Chronic absences from school

• School drop out

• Difficulty building relationships

• Aggressive behavior

• Limited or inappropriate language use

(ii) Autism does not apply if a child’s educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has an emotional disturbance, as defined in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.

(iii) A child who manifests the characteristics of autism after age three could be identified as having autism if the criteria in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section are satisfied."

• There is not one single cause of Autism

• Genetic link

• Brain abnormalities

• Environmental stressors

• There is no scientific data that states Autism is related to childhood vaccines.

• According to the CDC, 1 in 31 children are diagnosed with Autism in the United States.

• There is a high prevalence in boys versus girls.

• 1 in 45 adults have been diagnosed with Autism.

• Teach functional and social skills

• Visual schedules

• Follow set routines

• Pre-teach

• Positive reward systems

• First/Then charts

• Avoiding environmental toxins

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy

• Receiving proper prenatal care

• Difficulties with language- limited or lack of speech

• Difficulty developing and maintaining relationships

• Repetitive behaviors

• Difficulty understanding social cues

• Need for sameness and routines

• Sensory sensitivities

• Hearing impairment/ear infections

• Neurological conditions

• Autism

• Genetic conditions- Rett Syndrome

• Environmental factors-lack of support for language development

• Brain damage

• Speech impairments are high incidence disabilities.

• This disability often occurs with other disabilities

• 20% of children receiving special education services receive speech related services.

• According to the CDC, approximately 7.7% of children receive speech related services.

• Provide early language experiences

• Create a language rich environment

• Have child's hearing checked