The Atom: What is it? What is it made up of? How do we know what it looks like? by Morton, Shelby https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4 7.PS1: Matter and Its Interactions - Develop and use models to illustrate the structure of atoms, including the subatomic particles with their relative positions and charge. en-us 2023-03-22 13:19:30 UTC 2025-10-26 01:04:57 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/269b.png What is matter? smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527176557
Matter is a substance made up of various types of particles that occupies physical space. 

According to the principles of modern physics, the various types of particles each have a specific mass and size.

Examples of material particles are the electron, the proton and the neutron.

The combination of these particles form atoms.

]]> 2023-03-22 13:37:23 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527176557 Vocabulary smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527177066 Matter
Atoms
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Nucleus
Molecule
Element
Compound
J.J. Thomson
law of conservation of mass
law of constant composition
plum pudding model
Ernest Rutherford
gold foil experiment
nuclear model]]> 2023-03-22 13:37:40 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527177066 What is an atom? smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527180414 Atoms are the smallest particles of every element!]]> 2023-03-22 13:39:36 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527180414 What happens when these atoms interact? smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527188459 When more than one atom combines, a molecule is formed. Large groups of atoms and molecules are what form the matter we see, such as your book, computer, pencil, even you! There are more than 100 different kinds of atoms listed in the periodic table, with each one representing a unique chemical element. Atoms and/or molecules from two or more elements can join together to form what is called a compound. ]]> 2023-03-22 13:44:18 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527188459 The Atom: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527198136 All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Both protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus located at the center of an atom. Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons are neutrally charged. Electrons are negatively charged, and they exist in orbitals surrounding the nucleus.]]> 2023-03-22 13:50:25 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527198136 J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527216847 In the late 19th century, physicist J.J. Thomson began experimenting with cathode ray tubes. Cathode ray tubes are sealed glass tubes That has essentially been vacuum sealed. A high voltage of electricity is applied to two electrodes at one end of the tube, which causes a beam of particles to flow from the cathode (the negatively-charged electrode) to the anode (the positively-charged electrode).

To test the properties of the particles, Thomson placed two oppositely-charged electric plates around the cathode ray. The cathode ray was deflected away from the negatively-charged plate and towards the positively-charged plate. This showed that the cathode ray was composed of negatively-charged particles.

Thomson also placed two magnets on either side of the tube. He observed that this magnetic field also deflected the cathode ray. Thomson repeated this experiment using many different metals as the electrode materials. He concluded that the properties of the cathode ray were constant no matter what cathode material was used.]]> 2023-03-22 14:01:04 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527216847 Dalton's atomic theory smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527244960 Dalton's theory states:
  • All matter is composed of atoms
  • Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Mass).
  • Atoms of any given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. Atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties (Law of constant composition).
  • Atoms of different elements can combine to form what is known as compounds.
  • In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, combined, or separated.

]]> 2023-03-22 14:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527244960 Law of Constant Composition smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527263278 The law of constant composition says that a pure compound will always have the same proportion of the same elements.

An example of this is table salt (NaCl). NaCl contains the same proportions of the elements sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) no matter how much salt you have or where the salt came from.]]> 2023-03-22 14:27:52 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527263278 Law of Conservation of Mass smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527274584 The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a closed system. This means if a chemical reaction occurs, the amount of each element must be the same in both the starting materials and the products.

Fun Fact:
We use the law of conservation of mass every time we balance equations!]]> 2023-03-22 14:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527274584 Dalton's atomic theory smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527280601 Dalton's atomic theory was the first complete attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties.]]> 2023-03-22 14:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527280601 Plum Pudding Model smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527361031 Thomson knew that atoms had an overall neutral charge. This led him to the hypothesis that there has to be a positive charge within the atom to counterbalance the negative charge on the electrons. This led Thomson to propose that atoms could be described as negative particles floating within a soup of diffuse positive charge.

Fun Fact:
This model is called the plum pudding model because it's appearance is very similar to plum pudding!]]> 2023-03-22 15:26:43 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527361031 Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527375267 In his famous gold foil experiment, Rutherford fired a thin beam of alpha particles at a very thin sheet of pure gold. Alpha particles are helium nuclei that are released in various radioactive decay processes. 

In this case, Rutherford placed a sample of radium (a radioactive metal) inside a lead box with a small pinhole in it. Most of the radiation was absorbed by the lead, but a thin beam of alpha particles escaped out of the pinhole in the direction of the gold foil. The gold foil was surrounded by a detector screen that would flash when hit with an alpha
 particle.
]]> 2023-03-22 15:35:35 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527375267 Rutherford's experiment conclusions smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527376848 Rutherford came to the following conclusions about the structure of the atom:

1.) The positive charge must be localized over a very tiny volume of the atom, which also contains most of the atom's mass. This would explain how a select few of the alpha particles were deflected drastically. This is presumably due to the rare collision with a gold nucleus.

2.) Since most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, the atom must mainly consist of empty space.]]> 2023-03-22 15:36:32 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527376848 What is an atom? smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527444202 https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/science-101/what-is-an-atom.html]]> 2023-03-22 16:19:12 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527444202 Let's play a game! smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527446796 https://www.purposegames.com/game/parts-of-an-atom-game ]]> 2023-03-22 16:20:41 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527446796 Conservation of Mass smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527452591 https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/conservation-matter-during-physical-and-chemical-changes/]]> 2023-03-22 16:24:28 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527452591 Constant Composition smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527457200 https://sciencenotes.org/law-of-definite-proportions-law-of-constant-composition/]]> 2023-03-22 16:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527457200 Rutherford's experiment smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527574863  
Based on Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford hypothesized that most of the alpha particles would pass straight through the gold foil. This is because the positive charge in the plum pudding model was believed to be spread out throughout the entire volume of the atom. Therefore, the electric field from the positively charged "soup" would be too weak to drastically affect the path of the relatively large and fast-moving alpha particles.
The results of the experiment, however, were not as expected. While the vast majority of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, a select few alpha particles were deflected more than 
 90 degrees from their path.


]]> 2023-03-22 17:46:43 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527574863 Nuclear Model smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527598135 This led Rutherford to propose the nuclear model. The nuclear model consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by the negatively charged electrons. Based on the number of alpha particles deflected in his experiment, Rutherford was able to determine that the nucleus took up a tiny fraction of the total volume of the atom.]]> 2023-03-22 18:03:14 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527598135 Let's compare! smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527611834 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HOWi-vhy7Q ]]> 2023-03-22 18:11:45 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527611834 Test your knowledge smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527620206 https://www.footprints-science.co.uk/index.php?quiz=Plum_pudding_model_vs_nuclear_model_(2) ]]> 2023-03-22 18:17:46 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527620206 The Cathode Ray Tube experiment smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527627610 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physics-experiment/app7.html ]]> 2023-03-22 18:23:10 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527627610 Let's make a model! smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527634327 https://orise.orau.gov/resources/k12/documents/harnessed-atom/build-an-atom/index.html ]]> 2023-03-22 18:27:30 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527634327 Gold Foil Experiment smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527673488 https://chemistrytalk.org/discovering-the-nucleus-rutherfords-gold-foil-experiment/ ]]> 2023-03-22 18:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527673488 Plum Pudding Model smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527679381 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUJPyQtoB5E ]]> 2023-03-22 19:00:13 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527679381 Nuclear Model smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527684909 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIVI-rMLm54]]> 2023-03-22 19:05:00 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527684909 smorto18 https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527693015 2023-03-22 19:12:08 UTC https://padlet.com/smorto18/rwv5ouzp8lbja0l4/wish/2527693015