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      <title>Decolonizing-Indigenizing Education by Angela Torres</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161</link>
      <description>How I would create an open and inclusive classroom environment for my Indigenous students: </description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-11-20 17:35:44 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Introduction</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903744161</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Canada has a dark and often disregarded history around Indigenous genocide. The Indigenous people of Canada have endured vile mistreatment for over a century. With the last residential school in Canada being closed less than 30 years ago (1996) (Restoule, 2013), we as a country, have a long way to go to correct the wrongs that have been committed to our Aboriginal neighbours.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; One way we can take the necessary steps to heal their wounds, and help restore their culture to the once rich and beautiful state, is through education.&nbsp;<br><br>"It was the educational system that has contributed to this problem in this country, and it's the educational system, we believe, that's going to help us to get away from this." (Senator Sinclair, 2019)&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-20 18:30:07 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>References</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903764338</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Budge, L. (2021). <em>Module 10: Decolonizing Education and Indigenizing Education</em>. <em>Indigenous Education: Insights &amp; Perspectives</em>. Retrieved November 2021. <br><br>Budge, L. (2021). <em>Module 3: Traditional Indigenous Ways of Teaching and Learning</em>. <em>Indigenous Education: Insights &amp; Perspectives</em>. Retrieved September 2021. <br><br>Budge, L. (2021). <em>Module 9: Truth &amp; Reconciliation - Education Calls to Action</em>. <em>Indigenous Education: Insights &amp; Perspectives</em>. Retrieved November 2021. <br><br>CSBA. (2021). <em>Indigenous Education</em>. Canadian School Boards Association. photograph. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.cdnsba.org/resources/aboriginal-education. <br><br>Dr. Freeman, K., Dr. Morcom, L., &amp; McDonald, S. (2018). <em>Truth and Reconciliation in Your Classroom: How to get started, and who can help</em>. EdCan Network. photograph, Education Canada. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.edcan.ca/articles/truth-reconciliation-classroom/. <br><br><em>Indigenous Languages</em>. (2014). Toronto District School Board. photograph. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Community/Indigenous-Education/Resources/Indigenous-Languages. <br><br>Iseke, J. (2013). Indigenous Storytelling as Research. <em>International Review of Qualitative Research</em>. https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2013.6.4.559 <br><br>National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. (2019). <em>Trc Mini Documentary - Senator Murray Sinclair on Reconciliation</em>. <em>YouTube</em>. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjx2zDvyzsU. <br><br>Nunavut Sivuniksavut. (2014). <em>Nunavut Sivuniksangat by Jennifer and Natashia</em>. <em>YouTube</em>. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z6qE6LFOAk. <br><br>Restoule, K. (2013). <em>An Overview of the Indian Residential School System</em>. The Union of Ontario Indians. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.anishinabek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/An-Overview-of-the-IRS-System-Booklet.pdf. <br><br>Shina Nova. (2021). <em>We are still here and we are stronger than ever</em>. <em>Tik Tok</em>. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www.tiktok.com/@shinanova/video/6943415075285912837?lang=en&amp;is_copy_url=0&amp;is_from_webapp=v1&amp;sender_device=pc&amp;sender_web_id=7032759860387628550. <br><br>Swampy, M., &amp; Black, K. (2021, May 7). <em>Tip of the iceberg: The true state of drinking water advisories in First Nations</em>. UCalgary News. Retrieved November 2021, from https://ucalgary.ca/news/tip-iceberg-true-state-drinking-water-advisories-first-nations. <br><br> (2021). The Colorful Apple. photograph. Retrieved November 2021, from https://thecolorfulapple.com/2021/01/read-aloud-day-activities/. <br><br>Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2012). (publication). <em>Calls to Action</em>. Winnipeg, Manitoba. Retrieved November 2021, from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/indigenous-people/aboriginal-peoples-documents/calls_to_action_english2.pdf.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-20 19:06:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903764338</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Appreciating Indigenous Art - Part 1</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903766257</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;(<em>Nunavut Sivuniksangat by Jennifer and Natashia,</em> 2014)&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z6qE6LFOAk" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-20 19:10:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903766257</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Policy Statement</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903816654</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"<strong>Within this classroom, we will commit to an inclusive, and safe environment towards the Indigenous members and their culture by: <br><br>i) Following the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework. <br><br>ii) Providing age-appropriate curricula that outline Aboriginal peoples in Canadian history, and the history and legacy of residential schools. <br><br>iii) Inviting the Indigenous children, families, and community members to contribute to the classroom environment and lessons. <br><br>iv) Promote Indigenous language revitalization.<br><br>v) Always respect and appreciate each other's unique identities. Acknowledging that everyone has beautiful qualities to contribute to the class, and to never shame, bully, or allow mistreatment toward anyone because of this." <br><br></strong>The above policy statement is a list of policies that I will implement in all my future classrooms as an Early Childhood Educator, regardless of whether or not I have Indigenous children in the group. For this instance, we will say the class has a mix of Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. Some of the policies would obviously have to be adjusted if there aren't any Indigenous children in the group, however, it is still incredibly vital to educate non-Indigenous children of Canada's history and the Aboriginal peoples, as well as their beautiful culture if we want to truly take steps toward reconciliation. <strong><br><br></strong>My policy statement meets the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Calls to Action as it is in accordance with the following: <br><br><strong>Call to Action # 10: </strong>"We call on the federal government to draft new Aboriginal education legislation with the full participation and informed consent of Aboriginal peoples. The new legislation would include a commitment to sufficient funding and would incorporate the following principles:... <br><br>iii) Developing culturally appropriate curricula.&nbsp; <br><br>iv) Protecting the right to Aboriginal languages, including the teaching of Aboriginal languages as credit courses. <br><br>v) Enabling parental and community responsibility, control, and accountability, similar to what parents enjoy in public school systems. <br><br>vi) Enabling parents to fully participate in the education of their children." <br><br><strong>Call to Action # 12: </strong>"We call upon the federal, provincial, territorial, and Aboriginal governments to develop culturally appropriate early childhood education programs for Aboriginal families." <br><br><strong>Call to Action # 13: </strong>"We call upon the federal government to acknowledge that Aboriginal rights include Aboriginal language rights" <br><br><strong>Call to Action #14: "</strong>We call upon the federal government to enact an Aboriginal Languages Act that incorporates the following principles:... <br><br>i) Aboriginal languages are a fundamental and valued element of Canadian culture and society, and there is an urgency to preserve them...<br><br>iv) The preservation, revitalization, and strengthening of Aboriginal languages and cultures are best managed by Aboriginal people and communities." <br><br><strong>Call to Action # 63: </strong>"We call upon the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada to maintain an annual commitment to Aboriginal education issues, including:&nbsp; <br><br>i) Developing and implementing Kindergarten to Grade Twelve curriculum and learning resources on Aboriginal peoples in Canadian history, and the history and legacy of residential schools. <br><br>ii) Sharing information and best practices on teaching curriculum related to residential schools and Aboriginal history. <br><br>iii) Building student capacity for intercultural understanding, empathy, and mutual respect by following the "Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework"." <br><br>(Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015) <br><br>Although the Government of Canada has not made much effort to respond to the Calls to Action, as an ally to the Indigenous communities of Canada, I am taking it upon myself to put these Calls to Action in place in my own classrooms to the best of my abilities and assist in the advancement of Canadian reconciliation. <strong><br><br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-20 20:46:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903816654</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Appreciating Indigenous Art - Part 2 </title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903832693</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;(Novalinga &amp; Novalinga, 2021)&nbsp;<br><br>The above artists are a mother and daughter Inuuk duo, Shina and Kayuula Novalinga. They have been spreading awareness and teaching others about their Inuit culture through the online platform, Tik Tok.&nbsp;<br><br>They team up to create videos of their throat singing and share it with the public to see and appreciate. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.tiktok.com/@shinanova/video/6943415075285912837?lang=en&amp;is_copy_url=0&amp;is_from_webapp=v1&amp;sender_device=pc&amp;sender_web_id=7032759860387628550" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-20 21:21:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1903832693</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Design of Classroom</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904115754</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; My decolonized-Indigenized classroom will be a combination of indoors and outdoors as this is in accordance with one of the Indigenous ways of knowing. As explained in the learning module for week 10, "learning happens in many locations, inside and outside the school." (Budge, 2021). <br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We will ensure to work together with the Indigenous children, their families, and Indigenous community members to ensure our classroom is inclusive, safe, and nurturing. To start, we will label all objects in Indigenous and English terminology to promote Indigenous language revitalization, posting Indigenous-made art, and different important lessons around the room, such as the Medicine Wheel and the Seven Grandfather Teachings. <br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; "It’s very important that teachers realize that the education system has been used to rob Indigenous people of their languages, their cultures, and their communities through the residential school system. This is why teachers have a responsibility to work <em>with</em> Indigenous people, families, and communities, rather than continuing to work in a system that speaks <em>for</em> Indigenous people, families, and communities – that is, don’t do <em>for</em>, do <em>with.</em>"&nbsp;<br>(Dr. Freeman et al., 2018)&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We will have an information centre that includes labeled and descriptive Indigenous work or tools, such as beadwork including the meaning and uses behind them, a radio that can play recordings of Indigenous chants, throat singing, etc., drums, and small pieces of hide, with explanations why they are used, how they are made, and how Indigenous communities hunt sustainably. The children will be taught how to respect these artifacts and not use them in disrespectful ways. Although we will have many other teaching methods, the art and learning station alone will support three of the five senses by providing sounds to hear, art and objects to see, and items to touch, such as the hide.<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Dual-language books will be provided, many written by Indigenous authors, and some that outline the history behind residential schools in an age-appropriate manner.&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Lastly, for indoor learning, we will support one of the important traditional Indigenous ways of teaching and learning of oral traditions through storytelling by having the Indigenous family members, community members, or even elders come in and speak to the group/teach a lesson. We could also have cooking lessons with these volunteers to learn about traditional foods, subsequently supporting the remaining two senses, taste and smell.<br><br></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; For outdoor learning, we will have outdoor playtime or lessons on a daily basis. As well as, field trips with Indigenous community members, such as pow-wows and nature walks while the volunteer shares their knowledge and wisdom about Indigenous lessons and their culture. As well as, visits to reserves if permissible to do so, so we could see the current ways of living, and learn about how the Canadian government is still neglecting Indigenous communities from basic human rights, such as clean drinking water (Swampy &amp; Black, 2021).&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; All of these methods tie in the five senses in many ways. However, it also ties in many other Indigenous ways of teaching and learning such as the following:&nbsp;<br><br>- Learning is emergent.<br>- Focus on students and teacher interaction.&nbsp;<br>- Students construct knowledge through gathering and synthesizing information.&nbsp;<br><br>(Budge, 2021)&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; While there will be one large section in the classroom (the learning centre) that is specifically dedicated to Indigenous education, the art, labeling, and posters of important lessons will be found throughout the entire room.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; This vision is different from any class I have seen before as I have never really seen any classrooms truly represent and respect the Indigenous cultures of Canada. I think the current generation of Canadians are reaching a huge turning point in regard to Indigenous education as we truly want to make a difference and correct the wrongs that have been committed to the Indigenous peoples in contrast to our elders and our teachers, who really did not have the same mindset, unfortunately. I truly believe we will start seeing some major changes in the Canadian classroom environments in the near future.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-21 06:55:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904115754</guid>
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         <title>Academic Reference on Water Advisories</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904155898</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://ucalgary.ca/news/tip-iceberg-true-state-drinking-water-advisories-first-nations" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-21 08:04:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904155898</guid>
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         <title>Academic Reference on the Indian Residential School System</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904162607</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.anishinabek.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/An-Overview-of-the-IRS-System-Booklet.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-21 08:14:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904162607</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Academic Reference on Truth and Reconciliation in Your Classroom</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904207787</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.edcan.ca/articles/truth-reconciliation-classroom/" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-21 09:20:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904207787</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>ECE Decolonized-Indigenized Exercise</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904261457</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; When I become an ECE, I plan on implementing many exercises/activities for the children that tie together with the TRC's Calls to Action in an attempt to decolonize-Indigenize the classroom. The first activity that I have designed is in conjunction with the Call to Action # 10:<br><br></div><div>"<strong>10. We call on the federal government to draft new Aboriginal education legislation with the full participation and informed consent of Aboriginal peoples. The new legislation would include a commitment to sufficient funding and would incorporate the following principles:<br><br></strong>i) Providing sufficient funding to close identified educational achievement gaps within one generation.<br><br>ii) Improving education attainment levels and success rates.<br><br><strong>iii) Developing culturally appropriate curricula.<br><br>iv) Protecting the right to Aboriginal languages, including the teaching of Aboriginal languages as credit courses.<br><br>v) Enabling parental and community responsibility, control, and accountability, similar to what parents enjoy in public school systems.<br><br>vi) Enabling parents to fully participate in the education of their children.<br><br></strong>vii) Respecting and honouring Treaty relationships."&nbsp;<br><br>(Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015)<br><br></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; This activity would involve grouping non-Indigenous and Indigenous school-aged children into pairs of two and assigning them the task of choosing a meaningful story that aligns with Indigenous teachings or ways of knowing or Indigenous history in Canada, and is written in English. The children will be instructed to work together to translate the book into an Indigenous language of their choosing. If the Indigenous child can only speak English, the pair will do research, or find assistance from the Indigenous child's family or community members to translate the story (if possible, if not I will help them find an individual who can help translate). Once the translation is completed, the children will be provided time each day to rehearse retelling the story in the Indigenous language as a team for about two to three weeks or until everyone has memorized their parts. Once we have reached this point, the children's families will be invited to the classroom to watch the children present their stories in the Indigenous language as a team. The children can be as creative as they like, they can make adaptations to the story or reenact it with handmade props. This presentation will take place somewhere all the parents could sit and watch the children while also providing space for the presentations, ideally a stage or gymnasium, or outdoors if the weather permits. I will be involved by fact-checking the translations with the parents or community members to ensure there isn't anything offensive, or incorrect, as well as assisting the children with anything they may need for their presentations.&nbsp;<br><br>This activity also aligns with the Indigenous oral tradition of storytelling...&nbsp;<br><br>"Story is a practice in Indigenous cultures that sustains communities, validates experiences and epistemologies, expresses experiences of Indigenous peoples, and nurtures relationships and the sharing of knowledge. Storytelling is also a central focus of Indigenous epistemologies,</div><div>pedagogies, and research approaches."&nbsp;<br><br>(Iseke, 2013)&nbsp;</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-21 10:35:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904261457</guid>
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         <title>Academic Reference on Indigenous Storytelling</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904262778</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270548019_Indigenous_Storytelling_as_Research" />
         <pubDate>2021-11-21 10:37:33 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Conclusion</title>
         <author>angelatgx</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/angelatgx/rv9qrj7qhvea4161/wish/1904295089</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In conclusion, all of the above strategies and much more will help me decolonize-Indigenize my classrooms in many ways.<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I believe that by continuously keeping myself aware of any biases I may subconsciously have, accountable for my actions and abilities, and ready to learn new information on Indigenous cultures in Canada, I will be able to incorporate a multitude of ways to teach and learn alongside the children in order to put the right foot forward toward reconciliation.&nbsp;<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I will always include Indigenous children, families, and community members involved in my teaching strategies, as one of the best ways to demonstrate that I am an ally is to listen and to change what I can as an educator.&nbsp;<br><br>      Lastly, I will challenge the status quo and strive to remove neoliberal ideologies from my classrooms, such as independent work, expected and pre-determined outcomes, quiet classrooms, and ranking based on pre-determined criteria (Budge, 2021).&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-21 11:23:17 UTC</pubDate>
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