AP World History Unit 4 Study Guide by Christopher Glicoes https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj An overview of information in AP World History Unit 4. en-us 2023-05-01 13:47:18 UTC 2025-11-09 09:01:01 UTC hello@padlet.com Overarching Topic glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2573741492 European competition with the "gunpowder empires" of Asia led to a severe increase in trade competition. As such, European powers wanted to gain an advantage over these Asian powers by conquering new territory in the Americas and Africa.]]> 2023-05-01 13:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2573741492 Portugal glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575102557 - Portuguese expansion began with Prince Henry the Navigator and the expeditions of Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama
- Led to establishment of Portuguese trading ports along the Indian Ocean
- Later expanded to the Americas and the establishment of the Transatlantic Slave Trade]]> 2023-05-02 12:19:40 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575102557 Spain glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575103481 - Once Castille and Aragon unified into Spain it began its exploration
- Hired Cristoforo Colombo (Columbus) to bypass the route around Africa by going westward until Asia was reached
- Colombo did not reach Asia, but there was still land (the Americas), so Spain conquered it
- Land-based empire and major recipient of the T-A Slave Trade]]> 2023-05-02 12:20:22 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575103481 Technological Advancements glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575106977 - New varieties of ship (like the caravel) were more efficient
- Knowledge of gravity caused predictability in tides]]> 2023-05-02 12:22:57 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2575106977 Impact on Europe glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576694755 - European empires continued expansion and reaping of resources
- Extensive conquering, subjugation of indigenous peoples, and other factors led to tragic loss of life for those who came in contact with Europe
- Economic power (but not stability, necessarily) and hegemony in Europe-controlled areas]]> 2023-05-03 12:45:17 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576694755 Impact on Asia glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576695236
  • Gradual loss of an Asian sphere of influence
  • Rebellions in the Ming Dynasty and later Tokugawa-era Japan to repel extending European influence
  • Chinese decline until the eventual collapse of the Qing Dynasty
  • Japanese isolationist policies strengthening
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 12:45:43 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576695236     Impact on Africa glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576695773
  • Decrease in population overall
  • Seizure of indigenous lands by Europeans
  • Economic and resource dependence on Europe by African kingdoms that led to colonialization
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 12:46:09 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576695773     Impact on the Americas glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576696129
  • Severe decline in population
  • Deforestation and soil exhaustion led to lands becoming infertile
  • Mass atrocities and recipient of cash-crop farming (like Brazilian sugarcane)
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 12:46:28 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576696129     Causes for Exploration glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576700965 - Middle Eastern trade kingdoms cut Europe off from the spice trade
    - European empires sought to control greater territory
    - Asian and Middle Eastern empires sought to expand control and inhibit European expansion]]>     2023-05-03 12:50:29 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576700965     Stuff Europe Stole from Asia glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576702200 - Astrolabe and sky charts were used, developed, and refined by Persian and Islamic empires
    - Magnetic compass and gunpowder invented by China
    - Lateen sail used by Indian Ocean tradesmen]]>     2023-05-03 12:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576702200     Other European Expansion glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576703270 - Venice and Genoa were prominent trading cities; created hegemony in the Mediterranean
    - Following unification of England and Scotland the United Kingdom set about securing assets in the Indian Ocean
    - The Netherlands established an extensive trading empire under a state-sponsored joint-stock company
    - France went on jaunts to North America and Africa, set up trade routes and a fur-trading empire]]>     2023-05-03 12:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576703270     The Columbian Exchange glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576706106
  • An exchange of resources, ideas, cultures, and diseases along the Transatlantic route
  • Perpetrated by the Spanish, who brought horses, gunpowder, and (sadly) smallpox and other diseases to the Americas
  • Indigenous Americans felt the brunt of the exchange, having their crops and labor taken to feed the growing Spanish Empire (but hey, at least they gave the Spanish syphilis)
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 12:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576706106     The Atlantic Slave Trade glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576709456
  • A trade network spanning from Africa to South America and the Caribbean to Europe
  • Worked through the transport of enslaved indigenous Africans (mostly West Africans) to the Americas, collecting raw materials for sale in Europe, then using the capital accumulated to further continue enslaving the African people
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 12:57:42 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576709456     Reaction by Asia glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576713453
  • Most Asian states reacted negatively to European incursion
  • Japan repelled all European trades save for the Dutch, who were allowed trade deals on a small island near Nagasaki
  • China began deporting all Christian missionaries and sought to rid itself of Christianity's influence
  • Indian states began falling to European (specifically British) influence
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 13:00:47 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576713453     Reaction by American States glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576716125
  • An upsweep in technology and improvement upon traditional methods (like the introduction of the horse to the Americas) was seen at first
  • As European hegemony was exercised further and further, a sharp decline in the power and influence of American states such as the Mexica
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 13:02:58 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576716125     God, Gold, and Glory glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576717947
  • The "three Gs" signify the majority of European reason for conquest:
  • Wanted to spread Christianity (god)
  • Wanted to accumulate more wealth for themselves (gold)
  • Wanted to become powerful states and influence those around them (glory)
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 13:04:24 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576717947     Economics and Joint-Stock Companies glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576733382
  • This era saw a large number of new ideologies be created, such as the process of capitalism (defined by Adam Smith), which stated that the wealth of the world was limited and could only be taken that far
  • Joint-stock companies were companies whose actions were dictated by the needs of stockholders, including sometimes governments (examples: Dutch VOC and the British East India Company)
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 13:15:47 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576733382     The Church and the Reconquista glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576744222 - The Catholic Church orchestrated the Reconquista, or reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula
    - Led to longstanding rivalry between Catholic and Muslim states
    - Catholic Church's power was solidified in Western Europe]]>     2023-05-03 13:23:29 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576744222     Government Reforms glicoecd25 https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576773663
  • Documents by Enlightenment-era thinkers like John Locke perpetuated the ideas of the natural rights of the population
  • Gradual decline of monarchial power in Europe as more people questioned the effect of an absolute ruler
  • Led to major reforms and even revolution in the case of France and the future United States
    • ]]>     2023-05-03 13:43:05 UTC https://padlet.com/glicoecd25/rtrherhat2v8eczj/wish/2576773663