Kingdom Plantae Group 8 by Kristine Mangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk The evolutionary story of Kingdom Plantae | From tiny algae to giant redwoods en-us 2020-09-14 18:52:59 UTC 2026-01-04 20:49:53 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f331.png Phylum Bryophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745502135 Byrophyta Phyla: Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses

-The earliest colonizers
-nonvascular
-450 mya first emerged
-lack vascular tissue
-diffusion to transport 
-Gametophyte is both dominant and independent
-Sperm needs to swim to reach the egg reliant on water (archegonium)
-true roots stems and leaves not present instead of roots bryophyta have
rhizoids which store moisture and anchor the gametophyte to the substrate they are growing on
-rhizoids are simple structures that are rows of cells stacked end to end
- gametophyte will produce either eggs/sperm in an archegonium (egg house)/antheridium (sperm house) 
-fertilization
-zygote: diplod fertilized egg
-plant sheltered by gametophyte
-placenta transports nutrients to sporophyte
-sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte
-mitosis into a multicelled diploid embryo
-when sporophyte is mature rise from archegonium as sporangium (2n)
-more details about the life cycle is included below in the life cycle photo
]]> 2020-09-14 19:04:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745502135 Coniferophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745510952 -examples include pine and redwood trees
-make female and male cones
- female cones are large and woody, two ovules will be produced per ovuliferous scale
-Male cones are smaller and pollen grains 
-can produce a lot of spore baring leaves]]> 2020-09-14 19:06:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745510952 Phylum Anthophyta (Monocots) kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745511988 -flowering parts: usually in 3s
-pollen grains: one furrow or pore
-leaf venation: usually parallel
-vascular bundles in stem cross section: usually scattered or more complex arrangement
-roots: fibrous root system
-seeds: embryo with one cotyledon
-secondary growth(wood and bark): absent]]> 2020-09-14 19:07:01 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745511988 Phylum Anthophyta (Eudicots) kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745531445 -flowering parts: usually in four or fives
-pollen grains: three furrows or pores
-leaf venation: usually netted
-vascular bundles in stem cross section: arranged in a circle (ring)
-roots: taproot system
-seeds: embryo with two cotyledons
-secondary growth (wood and bark): often present]]> 2020-09-14 19:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745531445 Bryophyta Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549150 2020-09-14 19:17:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549150 Pterifophytes Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549328 2020-09-14 19:17:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549328 Heterospory Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549496 2020-09-14 19:17:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549496 Gymnosperm Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549647 2020-09-14 19:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549647 Flowering Plant Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549742 2020-09-14 19:17:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745549742 Ex Image: Bryophyta Sporophyte kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745551993 -Bryophyta sporophytes are unbranched and produce sporangium  ]]> 2020-09-14 19:18:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745551993 Timeline of the Evolution of Plant Phylums kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745562879 2020-09-14 19:21:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745562879 Pterifophytes kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745566413 *Phylum Moniophyta is covered under Pterifophytes as instructed under the assignments directions***

Pterifophytes Phyla: Lycophytes, Ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns

-Ferns
-Sporophyte dominant (2n)
-Independent
-Vascular Seedless (true roots/stems/leaves)
-sperm have flagella 
-reproduction relies on water
-First Tracheophytes
-contains lignified tissue 
-these tissues help w/water transport and strengthening 
-xylem transports waters and minerals
-phloem transports sugars
-Dominant stage of their life cycle involves a diploid sporophyte
-Sporophtye and gametophyte stages are independent of one another
-more information on their life cycle can be seen in the life cycle picture]]> 2020-09-14 19:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745566413 Gymnosperms kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745587354 **Coniferophyta which is specificed in the booklet is under the phylum Gynosperms per instructed by the assignments directions**
Gymnosperm Phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, and Coniferophyta

-broken up into 4 phylum cycadophyta, ginkophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta
-after the evolution of seedless vascular plants a lot of carbon dioxide was removed form the air this caused cooling.  
-no longer depends on water for reproduction
-naked seeds
sporophyte dominant (2n)
- Sporophytes kept their spores these spores then grew into gametophyte
-Gametophyte dependent on sporophyte
-Heterospory: male/female spores created
-male gameophyte: pollen grain (packaged sperm)
-female gametophyte: ovule (immature seed)
-sperm packed in pollen transported by wind or by pollinators
-seed: ovuliferous scale, not protected
-MEGAsporangia->MEGAspores(n)->Female gametophyte (n)->Ovule
-MICROsporangia->MICROspores (n)-> MALE gametophyte(n)-> Pollen

]]> 2020-09-14 19:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745587354 Moss showing Sporophyte and Gametophyte generation kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745643385 2020-09-14 19:47:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745643385 Antheridium kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745643887 2020-09-14 19:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745643887 Seedless Vascular Plants Evolution kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745653348 2020-09-14 19:51:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745653348 Example images of Pterifophytes kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745653439 2020-09-14 19:51:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745653439 Cycadophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745663867 -One of the earliest of seed baring plants
-may be male or female 
-Pollen grains contain sperm]]> 2020-09-14 19:54:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745663867 Ginkgophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745664485 -one extant species: Gingko biloba
-either male or female
-seeds of females are surrouned by aril which is a tissue
-seeds smell like vomit 
-dichotomous branching: where the vascular tissue/veins branch in pairs of 2]]> 2020-09-14 19:55:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745664485 Gnetophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745665636 -out of the 4 this is most similar to angiosperms
- cones look like flowers
-double fertilization
-same vascular tissue as angiosperms]]> 2020-09-14 19:55:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745665636 Angiosperms kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745689562 -one angiosperm phylum: Anthophyta
-innovations include flowers and fruit  
-flowers increased sperm transport
-fruits increased seed dispersal 
-endosperm: product of double fertilization.
-Flowers allowed reproduction with far away plants
-Sessile
-Not able to attract own species to mate
-Use third party to get to male gamete
-Animals led to the disversification of this phylum because they act as pollinators/ or perform sexual duties for land plants 
-Anthophyta divided into 2]]> 2020-09-14 20:03:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/745689562 Example Image of Cycadophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746593615 2020-09-15 04:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746593615 Example Image of Ginkgophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746596500 2020-09-15 04:09:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746596500 Example Image of Gnetophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746601222 2020-09-15 04:12:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746601222 Example Image of Coniferophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746602819 2020-09-15 04:13:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746602819 Example Image of Angiosperm kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746636831 2020-09-15 04:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746636831 Example Image of Monocots kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746640759 2020-09-15 04:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746640759 Example Image of Eudicots kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746641802 2020-09-15 04:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746641802 Evolution of Seed Plants kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746814539 2020-09-15 06:11:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746814539 kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746817667 2020-09-15 06:13:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746817667 kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746817899 2020-09-15 06:13:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746817899 kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746818263 2020-09-15 06:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746818263 kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746818539 2020-09-15 06:13:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746818539 kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746819404 2020-09-15 06:13:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746819404 Characteristics of a Coniferophyta kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746820746 2020-09-15 06:14:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746820746 Coniferophyta Life Cycle kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746821471 2020-09-15 06:14:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746821471 Comparison of Gymnosperms and Angiosperms kristinecmangahas https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746872780 2020-09-15 06:40:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kristinecmangahas/rqnd2nz8riihu8bk/wish/746872780