https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk en-us 2021-03-22 18:37:59 UTC 2021-04-07 03:33:24 UTC hello@padlet.com 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339652672 1.  Although the 15th Amendment regulates that all states must allow citizens of all races to vote, different states have created laws that have directly kept African Americans from voting including poll taxes and literacy tests.]]> 2021-03-22 18:42:21 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339652672 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339664461 Thurgood Marshall was a very prominent black lawyer and the first African American elected to the Supreme Court]]> 2021-03-22 18:44:37 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339664461 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339665829 Thurgood Marshall fought against many of the restrictive laws that blocked the black vote-- like ]]> 2021-03-22 18:44:49 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339665829 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339725215 The 24th Amendment was put in affect in 1964 and prohibited any poll tax in an election for a federal official. ]]> 2021-03-22 18:56:50 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339725215 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339725766 The famous march from Selma to Montgomery, was in the name of voting rights. It was done in the effort to register black voters in the south. ]]> 2021-03-22 18:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339725766 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339734137 In an attempt to prohibit African Americans from voting many states required literacy tests-- many African Americans were illiterate due to years of oppression and poverty-- and poll taxes which many could no tpay. If they failed to meet the absurd standards set by the state, then they couldn't vote. ]]> 2021-03-22 18:58:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339734137 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339736029 LBJ became president after JFK's assassination. During his tenure, LBJ passed several monumental civil rights laws. ]]> 2021-03-22 18:59:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339736029 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339743396 The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965 which banned literacy tests, "provided for federal oversight of voter registration in areas where less than 50 percent of the non-white population had not registered to vote" and gave the attorney general power to "investigate the use of poll taxes in state and local elections" (history). ]]> 2021-03-22 19:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1339743396 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349471934 2.     Plessy V. Ferguson has nationally allowed states to segregate school systems to keep races to their own schools. However, the schools are clearly not equal, which prevents Black communities from having equal opportunities.]]> 2021-03-24 18:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349471934 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349477689 Linda Brown was an African American girl who became the center of one of the most famous Supreme Court cases in US history. In 1951, she was barred from attending the closer and better white school, so her father sued claiming that "separate but equal" violated African American rights. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349477689 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349500572 This landmark Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. This chipped away at Plessy V Ferguson. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:25:45 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349500572 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349512452 The Little Rock Nine were the first group of black high school students to integrate a high school in Arkansas. They faced tremendous amounts of abuse, racism, and fear; but they were monumental in the fight for equality and in the integration of schools.  ]]> 2021-03-24 18:27:43 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349512452 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349542514 This landmark case, passed in 1896, justified segregation nation-wide and began the "separate but equal" clause. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:33:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349542514 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349564807 3.     Throughout the country African Americans and LGBT are being discriminated against in employment opportunities and even housing just because of their skin color or sexual orientation. There are no laws preventing such practices.]]> 2021-03-24 18:38:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349564807 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349594754 Levittowns are mass-produced suburbs that became the staple of life for white Americans in the 50s. While it looked like the pinnacle of society, many black and minority families were barred from moving into the white suburbs. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:44:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349594754 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349612827 In 1968, Congress passed the Fair Housing Act which banned discrimination "based on race, religion, national origin or sex". Although many African Americans were living in the city, this law was a huge step for civil rights. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:48:29 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349612827 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349627235 The GI Bill was passed during WWII to provide returning veterans with low-rate mortgages, college tuition, etc. However, out of fear of too much "black advancement" Southern legislators put specific restrictions that would make it difficult, if not impossible for black veterans to cash in on the bill.  While the GI Bill helped millions of white veterans get homes, the black population was left behind. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:51:28 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349627235 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349690017 This is a very recent law that prevents discrimination in the workplace on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. ]]> 2021-03-24 19:05:36 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1349690017 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384240576 4.     Since Plessy V. Ferguson there has been widespread segregation and discrimination in public facilities like transportation, restaurants, and bathrooms. The segregated places are clearly not equal even though they are separate.]]> 2021-04-05 18:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384240576 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384287357 In July of 1964, the Civil Rights Act was passed which outlawed segregation in businesses such as restaurants, hotels, and theaters. This sweeping reform put an end to segregation and discrimination in public places (at least legally). ]]> 2021-04-05 18:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384287357 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384292103 Rosa Parks was a very influential figure early in the Civil Rights movement. She is best known for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus which sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycotts. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:29:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384292103 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384292363 Up until this point, buses in many parts of the south were segregated and required black passengers to sit in the back and yield their seats to white passengers if necessary. In response to Rosa Parks' arrest, the African American community in Montgomery agreed to boycott the buses and instead walk, carpool, or take taxis. The boycott lasted over a year until the Supreme Court upheld that buses be integrated. It was the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the US and also saw MLK Jr. emerge as a leading figure. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384292363 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384298820 This case prohibited racial segregation of interstate and intrastate transportation facilities. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:30:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384298820 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384366389 5.     Interracial and non-heterosexual relationships are a serious taboo and even illegal in many states. Certain marriage laws prevent the government licensing of certificates to interracial couples and there are no states that allow licenses being issues to LGBT couples. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:49:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384366389 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384369351 Richard Loving, a white man, and Mildred Jeter, a colored woman, got married in Washington DC. They went to live in Virginia and were arrested for violating Virginia's ban on interracial marriage. They were initially sentenced to jail time, but it was suspended under the condition they leave the state. They challenged their sentence in court and eventually the ruling invalidated laws against interracial marriage in 15 other states. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:50:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384369351 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384372511 This landmark Supreme Court case was upheld in 2015 and it legalized gay marriage nationwide. At the time of the case, there were still 13 states with a ban on same-sex marriage. In the late 90s, President Clinton signed an act that prohibited the recognition of same-sex marriages at a federal level. This case was revolutionary in LGBT rights and finally provided equal protection under the law. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:51:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384372511 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384376713 The Stonewall Riots in June of 1969 came as a result of a police raid on a gay bar in Greenwich Village (which was a regular occurrence) but this time the patrons had had enough and began to fight back against police. Up to this point, same-sex relationships or engaging in "gay behavior" in public was illegal. So, many flocked to gay bars and clubs where they would be free to express themselves. Out of these riots, an international gay rights movement was born. ]]> 2021-04-05 18:52:37 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1384376713 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387520726 6. Women are beginning to leave the household norm and instead work in corporate and other white-collar jobs. Unfortunately, they are being treated as lessers to men, being intimidated or treated differently, being paid less, and still expected to take care of the family. 

]]> 2021-04-06 14:53:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387520726 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387536138 The Equal Pay Act was signed into effect by John F. Kennedy in 1963. This act was one of the first federal anti-discriminatory laws that addressed gender pay gaps. The act protects both men and women from wage discrimination based on sex. ]]> 2021-04-06 14:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387536138 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387539490 The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act was signed into effect in 2009 and bolstered workers protection against pay discrimination. It also allows victims of pay discrimination to seek federal rectification. ]]> 2021-04-06 14:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387539490 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387547594 Esther Peterson was a trailblazer and an advocate for consumer, labor, and women's rights. She drafted the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and spent her entire life fighting for equality in the workplace. ]]> 2021-04-06 14:59:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387547594 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387652897 7. Latin American immigrants and workers in the U.S. are working in difficult conditions as laborers and experiencing very poor pay, threats to their citizenship, and intimidation. ]]> 2021-04-06 15:19:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387652897 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387656307 8. People who are LGBT are being arrested for simply being open about their sexual orientations and fired for being open at their jobs.]]> 2021-04-06 15:20:29 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1387656307 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389763835 Caesar Chavez was the co-founder of the United Farm Workers and the foremost activist for Latino civil rights, specifically regarding labor. He held countless boycotts and other peaceful protests in the name of labor equality for Mexican/ Latin- American workers. ]]> 2021-04-07 02:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389763835 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389768700 Hernandez v Texas expanded the 14th Amendment so that it applied to all racial and ethnic groups that faced discrimination. Such a declaration effectively broadened civil rights laws to include Hispanic people. ]]> 2021-04-07 02:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389768700 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389778333 The UFW was an organization created with the intent of improving the wages and working conditions of migrant farm workers. ]]> 2021-04-07 02:34:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389778333 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389779219 The Agricultural Labor Relations Act was passed in 1975 after years of boycotts and protests. This act effectively gave protection to agricultural workers by promising the right to join unions of their choosing and bargain with their employer to ensure fair wages. ]]> 2021-04-07 02:35:17 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389779219 2052898 https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389791639 Frank Kameny is largely regarded as being one of the most influential figures in the American gay rights movement. In the late 1950s, he was hired by the Army Map Service but was soon fired and barred from working for the federal government after reports of him being homosexual. This injustice sparked his life-long fight against discrimination. ]]> 2021-04-07 02:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2052898/rq82c6vknol4shsk/wish/1389791639