• Take Notes: Practice jotting down important information while listening. This can help you remember details for questions.

• Keep a log of the new words and expressions you hear. Check the spelling and meaning in a dictionary. You can use flashcards app to help you memorize vocabulary, such as QUIZLET (quizlet.com)

Unit 2 - TED Talk

part 1 : 00' - 1:47'

part 2 : 1:48' - 3:54'

part 3 : 3:55' - end

1. Why does the independent shop owner, Claire Lee, say : "Everyone loves a bargain, don't they"

A. Because she doesn't believe in the concept of Black Friday.

B. She thinks consumers should focus on buying from smaller, independent retailers on Black Friday.

C. To show that she understands why some consumers feel attracted to the concept of Black Friday.

D. She doesn't have the resources to compete with larger retailers.

2. What does the "Which?" magazine editor mean when he says:

"There's a lot of grey areas." ?

A. There are many legal issues with Black Friday discounts

B. There isn't a clear law to regulate how retailers present Black Friday discounts.

C. Retailers take the risk of getting in trouble for not genuine discounts

D. It's difficult to provide proofs of frauds in the advertisements.

3. What is the main message the Which? magazine editor wants to convey to consumers about Black Friday deals?

A. Black Friday deals are a waste of time and should be avoided

B. Consumers should be cautious and do their research to find genuine bargains

C. Black Friday is the best time of year to find the biggest discounts

D. Consumers should only buy items they were already planning to purchase

1. What did the consumer group find about Black Friday deals?

A. More than 90% of the deals were the same price or cheaper in the six months before Black Friday.

B. More than 90% of the deals were cheaper in the six months after Black Friday.

C. Only a small number of the deals were genuine discounts.

D. The majority of the deals were genuine discounts.

2. What is the main reason the independent shop owner, Claire Lee, is not participating in Black Friday?

A.The additional costs of running a brick-and-mortar store make it difficult to offer discounts.

B. She doesn't believe in the concept of Black Friday.

C. She doesn't have the resources to compete with larger retailers.

D. She wants to focus on providing personalized customer service instead.

3. What does the Which? magazine editor say is the key for consumers to identify genuine Black Friday bargains?

A. Checking prices on price comparison websites

B. Waiting until after Black Friday to find better deals

C. Trusting the discounts advertised by major retailers

D. Impulse buying during the Black Friday sales

4. Which tactic do retailers sometimes use to make their Black Friday discounts appear more significant?

A. Raising the original price of the product prior to Black Friday

B. Advertising a "was" price that was never actually charged

C. Offering a smaller discount than they claim

D. Lowering the prices of items for a short period of time before Black Friday.

5. According to the Which? magazine editor, what is the best approach for consumers to take during the Black Friday sales?

A. Do thorough research and avoid impulse buying

B. Take advantage of all Black Friday discounts to get the best deals

C. Buy items they were already planning to purchase regardless of discounts

D. Wait until after Black Friday to find the lowest prices

6. What does the video suggest about the legality of some Black Friday discounts?

A. Black Friday discounts are always legal

B. Retailers can always get in trouble for not genuinely discounting items

C. There are no legal issues with Black Friday discounts

D. Retailers are not always transparent about their pricing practices

A. Because not being in the US for the holidays lessen the pressure of buying gifts.

B. Because he feels sad about losing Christmas in the US.

C. Because he thinks the Japanese culture is better than the American culture.

D. Because he doesn't have to spend much money on gifts.

2.What does Aimee mean when she says:

"It's a lot of gifts!"

A. It's too much money to spend.

B. You have a big family!

C. It's unnecessarily exessive.

D. It's a lot of work!

3.What does Aimee mean when she says:

"I won't fall out with someone if they don't get me a present" ?

A. She's not the best at giving gifts.

B. Planned gifts are quite important for people.

C. Gifts don't matter that much for her.

D. She doesn't mind giving gifts.

"For me, there’s nothing like reading a book"?

A. She's concerned that people don't read books anymore.

B. She's bored about reading screens.

C. She's enthusiastic about reading on a physical book.

D. She wants to convince people to read books.

What's the speaker attitude when she says:

"Deep reading means that we make analogies, we make inferences, which allows us to be truly critical, analytic, empathic, human beings."

A. She's confused about the topic.

B. She feels emotional about her conclusions.

C. She's concerned people will stop reading books.

D.She's certain about her conclusions.

A. To describe the standards that artists were trying to achieve.

B. To exemplify how the promotion of an ideal of beauty was sufocating for artists.

C. To show that challenging the idea of beauty was important at the time.

D. To illustrate how the monarch was being challenged.

2. Why does the speaker discuss the famour paiting "The Old Guitarrist" by Pablo Picasso?

A. To illustrate that beauty can come in different ways and a concept of what it is envolves much more than proportions.

B. To show that by distorting the propotion of the human body Picasso was creating a new kind of beauty.

C. To describe how a beautiful painting produces a sense of empathy creating a brigde between the artist and the viewer.

D. To exemplify how the universal experience of being a human is itself a kind of beauty.

A. The stripes have a social function.

B. The stripes help zebras stay cool.

C. The stripes are visually disorienting to harmful flies.

D. The stripes are a visual aid for mating.

What can be inferred about zebra domestication?

A. They are easy to be domesticated because they are docile creatures.

B. It's hard to domesticate them because of their camouflage through the stripes.

C. It's easy to domesticate them because they take a long time to mature.

D. It's hard to domesticate them because of their robust fight and flight adaptations and specific needs.

imply = suggest

A. Its patterns and shapes were intended to communicate safety.

B. One can totally understand its beauty by just looking at it.

C. One can only understand the meaning of it by thinking about the context it was used.

D. Its colors and patterns perfectly describes how that society was organized.

What can be inferred about the paiting "Paris Street Rainy Day " by Gustave Caillebotte

A. The paiting picture a changing and more inclusive world.

B. The painter was criticising his contemporary world.

C. The perspective of the paiting reflects how the society was excluding at the time.

D. The scale of the paiting distorts the view of how classes interacted.

A. Its patterns and shapes were intended to communicate safety.

B. One can totally understand its beauty by just looking at it.

C. One can only understand the meaning of it by thinking about the context it was used.

D. Its colors and patterns perfectly describes how that society was organized.

What can be inferred about the paiting "Paris Street Rainy Day " by Gustave Caillebotte

A. The paiting picture a changing and more inclusive world.

B. The painter was criticising his contemporary world.

C. The perspective of the paiting reflects how the society was excluding at the time.

D. The scale of the paiting distorts the view of how classes interacted.

A. To describe how your circadian rithym shifts with age.

B. To illustrate the influence a person's habits have on their circadian system.

C. To exemplify how the cortisol flow work.

D. To show that most students are night owls.

What does the speaker imply?

A. A person can change their circadian system by changing their bedtime.

B. Being an early bird or a night owl is a personal decision.

C. Unpredictable sleeping habits can cause deseases.

D. It's impossible to control your sleep cycle.

1. What is Mr. Vickstad considering?

- A) Changing his major

- B) Transferring to another university

- C) Taking a gap year

- D) Studying abroad

2. Why does Mr. Vickstad want to transfer to Central University?

- A) It has a better business program

- B) He is homesick and wants to be closer to family and friends

- C) He is struggling academically at Kryptos U

- D) He wants to experience a new city

3. What concern does Mr. Vickstad express about transferring?

- A) He might lose his scholarship

- B) He is unsure about the transfer process

- C) He will have to start over academically

- D) He might not be able to afford tuition

4. What advice does the advisor give regarding homesickness?

- A) To immediately transfer to a local university

- B) That freshman year is often the hardest and it may get better

- C) To join more clubs to meet new friends

- D) To call home more frequently

5. What additional requirement does the advisor mention about transferring to Central University?

- A) Mr. Vickstad will need to take a placement test

- B) He will have to take extra courses due to different requirements

- C) He must submit a personal essay

- D) He needs to maintain a higher GPA

6. What is the advisor’s attitude towards Mr. Vickstad’s feelings of homesickness?

- A) Dismissive

- B) Empathetic

- C) Indifferent

- D) Encouraging

7. How does Mr. Vickstad feel about his experience at Kryptos University?

- A) Completely satisfied

- B) Regretful

- C) Lonely and uncertain

- D) Enthusiastic about staying

8. What can be inferred about Mr. Vickstad's previous experiences at Central University?

- A) He has never visited the campus.

- B) He has friends who provided him with information about it.

- C) He found the campus overwhelming during his visit.

- D) He is completely unfamiliar with its programs.

9. What does the advisor imply when she says, “by that time you may not want to”?

- A) Transferring may not be a good decision.

- B) Mr. Vickstad might grow attached to Kryptos University.

- C) He will find Central University unappealing.

- D) Family ties will become less important after graduation.

10. What is the primary function of the advisor’s suggestion to “give it one more year”?

- A) To encourage Mr. Vickstad to focus on academics

- B) To help him consider the potential benefits of staying

- C) To push him towards transferring immediately

- D) To remind him of his previous decisions

11. Why does the advisor mention that “freshman year is usually the hardest”?

- A) To justify Mr. Vickstad's decision to transfer

- B) To suggest that it’s normal to feel homesick

- C) To explain why he should stay at Kryptos U

- D) To compare the experiences of different universities

1. What is the student looking for in the bookstore?

A) A Spanish textbook

B) A novel by Garcia Marquez

C) A sweatshirt

D) A book on the history of the university

2. Why does the student hesitate to buy the book initially?

A) The price is too high.

B) The book does not have footnotes or a glossary.

C) The book is in the wrong language.

D) The edition is missing pages.

3. How many copies of the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" are left in the bookstore?

A) Three copies

B) Five copies

C) Four copies

D) The store has no more copies left.

4. What is the bookstore's return policy on the book?

A) The student can return it if it is not damaged or marked up.

B) The student can return it only if it is unopened.

C) The student cannot return the book.

D) The student can return the book only if they find another edition in the store.

5. What does the student plan to do after purchasing the book?

A) They plan to immediately return the book.

B) They will check online for an annotated edition and might return the book.

C) They plan to study the book in the bookstore.

D) They will read the book and write a report.

6. Where can the student find the sweatshirts in the bookstore?

A) In the "Clothing" section

B) In the "Sportswear" section

C) In the "School Spirit" section

D) In the "University Gear" section

7. What does the student think about the school crest on the sweatshirt?

A) The crest is very detailed and beautiful.

B) The crest is too small on the front, but larger on the back.

C) The crest looks outdated.

D) The crest does not represent the university well.

8. What is the significance of the university’s motto "Ex Pertinacia Veritas"?

A) It means "From Truth Comes Learning."

B) It means "Out of Determination Comes Truth."

C) It is a motto used by all universities.

D) It was created recently by the university.

9. What is depicted on the university crest?

A) A buffalo lying on a green book

B) A buffalo standing next to a university building

C) A bison on a mountain

D) A book with the university’s motto

10. How much does the sweatshirt cost?

A) $39.95

B) $29.95

C) $49.95

D) $59.95

11. What does the bookstore clerk mean when they say, “You need the Intermediate Spanish textbook?”

A) They are suggesting a different book for the student

B) They are confirming the student's textbook requirements

C) They are asking the student if they already have the book

D) They are offering a suggestion for another class

12. How does the student feel about the book's edition without footnotes and glossary?

A) The student is pleased because they don’t need extra explanations.

B) The student is dissatisfied because the book lacks helpful annotations.

C) The student is indifferent because they prefer to figure things out on their own.

D) The student is excited to read the book regardless of the edition.

13. What can be inferred about the student’s attitude toward waiting for books to arrive from the bookstore?

A) The student enjoys the process and does not mind waiting.

B) The student prefers to avoid waiting because it takes too long.

C) The student is planning to wait for another book edition to arrive.

D) The student is willing to wait because it’s the only option.

14. Based on the conversation, what can we infer about the university's motto “Ex Pertinacia Veritas”?

A) The motto is focused on the importance of physical strength.

B) The motto reflects the values of perseverance and truth in education.

C) The motto represents the university’s history and commitment to sports.

D) The motto is a common phrase used by all universities.

15. What is the purpose of the bookstore clerk explaining the university’s crest and motto to the student?

A) To provide the student with an explanation of the university’s history and identity

B) To distract the student from their purchase

C) To convince the student to buy the sweatshirt

D) To explain why the sweatshirt is overpriced

16. Which of the following is the most logical order of the conversation's topics?

A) The student asks for the Spanish textbook, then the return policy, followed by the sweatshirt.

B) The student asks about the sweatshirt first, then the book, and later inquires about the return policy.

C) The student asks about the return policy first, then the sweatshirt, and lastly the book.

D) The student begins by inquiring about the price, then the book, and finally the sweatshirt.

1. What is the main topic of the conversation?

a) Myra and Arthur’s plans for future careers
b) Myra’s elective course choices and textbook shopping
c) The cost of textbooks and environmental issues
d) The structure of the Ecology Three Eleven course

2. What is the general attitude of Arthur and Myra toward their courses?

a) Both are indifferent toward their course choices
b) Both are enthusiastic about learning but facing practical challenges
c) Both are frustrated with the high cost of textbooks
d) Myra is excited, and Arthur is worried about his grades

3. Why is Myra taking the Ecology Three Eleven course?

a) To fulfill an elective requirement for her major
b) To broaden her understanding for her Bachelor of Science degree
c) Because she wants to become an environmental scientist
d) To satisfy a personal interest in ecology

4. What does Arthur say about his university experience in his second year?

a) He focused too much on academics and neglected extracurricular activities
b) He took too many electives and is now catching up on required courses
c) He decided to change his major after taking too many difficult courses
d) He spent too much time on research and not enough on his courses

5. How does Arthur feel about taking the Ecology Three Eleven course?

a) He is taking it out of obligation and has no interest in it
b) He thinks it is important and interesting, even though it may not help his career
c) He thinks the course will help him in his future office job
d) He is reluctant to take the course but needs it for graduation

6. What is Myra’s reaction to Dr. Forsythe’s eco-game on the course website?

a) She thinks it is too childish for university students
b) She finds it fun and useful for learning about ecological concepts
c) She feels that it is not a good way to teach serious environmental topics
d) She has not yet looked at the game but plans to check it out later

7. How does Myra plan to get the course textbook?

a) She plans to borrow it from a friend
b) She has already bought a secondhand copy
c) She is searching for a secondhand copy to save money
d) She plans to wait until the textbook goes on sale

8. Why does Arthur say, “It’s just economics” in response to the cost of textbooks?

a) He believes textbooks are overpriced because publishers print too many copies
b) He thinks students are the only ones who buy the textbooks, so prices are high
c) He feels that textbooks are expensive because of the quality of the material
d) He is explaining that textbook costs reflect the demand for used books

9. What does Myra suggest would help reduce the cost of textbooks?

a) Printing them in paperback and on cheaper materials like newsprint
b) Selling them in larger quantities
c) Allowing students to share textbooks in class
d) Creating digital versions that are cheaper to produce

10. What is Arthur’s plan if he cannot find a secondhand copy of the textbook by next Monday?

a) He will continue looking for a used copy at a lower price
b) He will buy a new copy if he cannot find a used one
c) He will borrow the textbook from a classmate
d) He will ask Myra to buy the textbook for him

11. What is the main purpose of Myra’s comment: “University's just too much fun, I guess.”?

a) To explain why she is behind in her coursework
b) To express regret for having too much fun in university
c) To show that she is excited about university life
d) To suggest that she is enjoying her university experience but needs to catch up on work

12. Why does Arthur say, "Probably not, but it still seems interesting and important"?

a) He is making an excuse for taking the course
b) He is justifying his choice of taking the course despite its lack of relevance to his career
c) He is unsure of the value of the course
d) He is downplaying the importance of the course

13. What can be inferred about the speaker’s feelings toward Dr. Forsythe’s course?

a) They are unsure whether it will be useful or not
b) They are excited and look forward to the course
c) They feel indifferent about the course material
d) They think the course will be boring but necessary

14. What is the purpose of the following statement: “It's just economics. Nobody reads them except the students that take the courses.”

a) To explain why textbooks are expensive
b) To express dissatisfaction with the high cost of textbooks
c) To suggest that students should share their textbooks
d) To justify the purchase of new textbooks

15. What is Arthur’s main reason for wanting a secondhand textbook?

a) He wants to save money
b) He believes secondhand books are better quality
c) He likes to have a variety of textbooks
d) He prefers to buy from independent sellers

16. What can be inferred from Arthur’s comment: “A penny saved is a penny earned”?

a) He is looking for a way to get a new textbook for less
b) He is worried about the cost of the textbook
c) He believes it is important to be economical
d) He thinks textbooks are overpriced

17. According to the conversation, what seems to be the main reason textbooks are expensive?

a) There is a high demand for textbooks in the market
b) The publishers print only a limited number of copies
c) Textbooks are printed in high-quality materials
d) Most students do not buy textbooks after they graduate

18. What is the function of the conversation between Myra and Arthur?

a) To discuss their future career plans
b) To talk about their current academic struggles
c) To arrange a time to meet with a professor
d) To share information about a course and a textbook

19. What is the likely attitude of the speaker when they say, “Poor old Earth!”?

a) Concern for the environment
b) Indifference toward ecological issues
c) Sarcasm about environmental problems
d) Disbelief about environmental issues

1. What is the main topic of the conversation between Sarah and Todd?
A) How dreams reflect a person’s fears and anxieties.
B) The way dreams can be related to physical health.
C) The different types of dreams and recurring dreams.
D) The influence of stress on dreams and nightmares.

2. How does Sarah feel about her own recurring dream?
A) She is embarrassed and worried about it.
B) She is amused and somewhat intrigued.
C) She is angry and frustrated about it.
D) She is annoyed and tries to avoid thinking about it.

3. What is Todd’s attitude toward the idea of people having similar recurring dreams?
A) He is skeptical and doesn’t believe it’s possible.
B) He is curious and finds it fascinating.
C) He is dismissive and uninterested in the idea.
D) He is alarmed and concerned about it.

4. What does Todd describe as the cause of his dreams when he was younger?
A) Stress from school or work.
B) Illness or physical discomfort.
C) Overworking and lack of sleep.
D) A desire to escape reality.

5. What was unique about Todd’s dream about being a waiter?
A) He was serving food to customers while sleeping.
B) He was being criticized by customers and his boss.
C) He was the customer at the restaurant.
D) He was working at a slow-paced restaurant.

6. How does Todd feel about the recurring dreams he used to have?
A) He finds them interesting but not frightening.
B) He is curious about their meaning.
C) He finds them stressful and annoying.
D) He doesn’t remember the details of the dreams.

7. What is the main theme of Sarah’s recurring dream?
A) Losing something important.
B) Missing something important and feeling anxious.
C) Being chased by someone.
D) Failing a final exam.

8. Why does Sarah mention that her father has the same recurring dream?
A) To explain why recurring dreams are common among family members.
B) To suggest that dreams are linked to genetic traits.
C) To show that certain dreams can be passed down through generations.
D) To emphasize that recurring dreams are not unusual and are shared by others.

9. How does the conversation shift after Sarah mentions her father’s recurring dream?
A) Todd begins to discuss a new type of dream that is unrelated to Sarah’s.
B) They both start discussing the possible reasons behind recurring dreams.
C) They talk about their own nightmares and personal fears.
D) They switch to a discussion about how dreams are connected to physical health.

10. What is the function of Todd’s comment, "Maybe there's somebody out there that really knows what it means and they're like, 'Uh-oh, those two people are doomed.'"
A) To express his frustration about not understanding the meaning of dreams.
B) To add humor and suggest that dreams may have a deeper meaning.
C) To suggest that dreams have no purpose or significance.
D) To criticize the idea that dreams have any significance.

11. What conclusion do Todd and Sarah seem to reach

about recurring dreams?
A) They might be common and have similar meanings for many people.
B) They are random and have no particular significance.
C) They are only related to childhood experiences.
D) They are always linked to personal failure.

2. Have you ever had a dream that helped you solve a problem? Can you share it?

3. Do you think dreaming can help us process our emotions? Why or why not?

4. How do you usually feel about sleep and dreaming? Is it something you value?

FILL IN THE GAPS:

Dreaming serves several purposes, including enhancing creativity and providing _______________(1)

REM sleep helps process difficult emotional experiences, making them easier to handle the _______________(2)

Dreaming can be seen as a form of overnight therapy, aiding in _______________(3)

The content of dreams can impact _______________(4) and mental health

Dreaming about learned tasks, such as a maze, can improve _______________(5)

People who dream about difficult experiences, like divorce, may find _______________(6)

Overall, dreaming is essential for various aspects of our waking lives and contributes to our _______________(7).

1. What is the main topic of the conversation?

A) The speakers discuss fraternity parties.
B) One speaker is deciding whether to join a fraternity.
C) The speakers talk about their study habits.
D) The speakers plan to go out to dinner together.

2.What is the name of the fraternity that Marlon is considering joining?

A) Delta Tau
B) Omega Theta
C) Alpha Sigma
D) Phi Beta Kappa

3.Why does the second speaker mention the shower in the beginning of the conversation?

A) To complain about the noise.
B) To suggest that the first speaker take shorter showers.
C) To comment on the first speaker’s water usage.
D) To ask the first speaker if they are in a hurry.

4.How does the second speaker feel about the academic system in Omega Theta?

A) Skeptical
B) Enthusiastic
C) Indifferent
D) Disappointed

5.What does the second speaker suggest to help the first speaker study better?

A) Going to the library
B) Joining Omega Theta
C) Using a tutor
D) Studying alone

6.What time is the reception for Omega Theta?

A) 6:00 PM
B) 6:30 PM
C) 7:00 PM
D) 9:30 PM

7.Why does the first speaker mention “you wouldn’t be able to breathe in here right now”?

A) To express that the room is too hot.
B) To say the room would be too steamy without the shower.
C) To humorously suggest the room would smell bad.
D) To complain about the lack of fresh air.

8.How does the first speaker feel about the party reputation of Omega Theta?

A) He finds it disappointing.
B) He thinks it’s a good balance with academics.
C) He wishes they had more parties.
D) He is not interested in parties at all.

9.How many people does the speaker believe live in the Omega Theta house?

A) Around 12 or 13
B) Around 30 or 40
C) Around 5 or 6
D) About 100

10.What can be inferred about the relationship between the two speakers?

A) They are acquaintances meeting for the first time.
B) They are close friends who enjoy teasing each other.
C) They are in a study group together.
D) They are roommates with very different lifestyles.

11. What will happen at the Omega Theta reception?

A) The first speaker will meet new friends.
B) There will be speeches and a tour of the house.
C) There will be a party with lots of alcohol.
D) The second speaker will be invited to join the fraternity.

12. What is the purpose of the second speaker asking, “Don’t you have anything better to do?”

A) To ask if the first speaker has any more interesting plans.
B) To make fun of the first speaker’s movie choice.
C) To express concern about the first speaker’s social life.
D) To suggest that the first speaker should study instead.

13.How does the first speaker feel about joining Omega Theta?

A) He is uncertain but interested.
B) He is not interested at all.
C) He is only joining for the parties.
D) He is enthusiastic about joining immediately.

14.What reason does the second speaker give for not being interested in the Delta Tau fraternity?

A) He doesn’t like parties.
B) He thinks they have a bad reputation.
C) He’s focused on academics.
D) He doesn’t want to move off-campus.

A) She is unsure about her graduation requirements.
B) She wants to change her major.
C) She has trouble with her GPA.
D) She is unable to register for a course she needs.

2. What is the prerequisite for the course "Global Economics - EC 303"?

A) Stats 201
B) Stats 202
C) Econometrics (EC 203)
D) Business Ethics

3. How does Lindsey describe her situation?

A) She is very confident about her credit hours.
B) She is in a time-sensitive situation and needs urgent help.
C) She has completed all her required courses.
D) She is looking to take more electives.

4. What does Mr. Morgan suggest might be a possible solution for Lindsey's problem?

A) Lindsey can take both courses in the following semester.
B) The dean might allow her to take the two courses at the same time.
C) Lindsey can take a different course instead of Econometrics.
D) Lindsey might need to postpone her graduation.

5. How does Lindsey feel about her GPA?

A) She is worried that her GPA is not high enough.
B) She is proud of her GPA and feels it will help her get into a good program.
C) She believes her GPA is strong enough to resolve the issue.
D) She feels her GPA is irrelevant to her graduation requirements.

6. What is the issue with Lindsey's current schedule?

A) She has registered for the wrong courses.
B) The two required courses for her graduation conflict with her schedule.
C) She has failed to register for any courses.
D) She has already taken all the courses she needs.

7. Why does Lindsey mention Statistics 202?

A) She believes this course is essential to her future career.
B) She needs it to fulfill a graduation requirement.
C) It is a required course for her major.
D) She has already completed it and no longer needs it.

8. According to Mr. Morgan, what might be an alternative solution for Lindsey's problem?

A) The dean might allow Lindsey to take Stats 201 and 202 in place of Econometrics.
B) The dean may offer her an exemption from the prerequisite if her grades are good enough.
C) She may have to take a different major in order to graduate on time.
D) The dean could approve her taking the two courses in the next academic year.

9. What is Lindsey’s attitude toward the possible options for resolving her issue?

A) She prefers to take Econometrics because it is the required course.
B) She is willing to do whatever it takes to graduate on time, even if it means changing her course schedule.
C) She insists on taking both courses at the same time regardless of the dean's decision.
D) She is not concerned and is planning to take a break from her studies.

10. How does Mr. Morgan respond to Lindsey’s request for help?

A) He immediately schedules a meeting with the dean.
B) He is dismissive but agrees to help her.
C) He agrees to help and says he will follow up with the dean to find a solution.
D) He suggests Lindsey should consider switching to a different major.

1. What is the main difference between how American children and British children send letters to Santa?
A) American children burn their letters, while British children mail them.
B) British children burn their letters, while American children mail them.
C) Both American and British children send their letters through a special service.
D) Both American and British children hang their letters in stockings.

2. According to the speaker, why do British people hang stockings around their beds instead of by the fireplace?
A) Because it's a tradition that has been passed down for centuries.
B) Because it’s more comfortable to wake up surrounded by presents.
C) Because the stockings are too large for a fireplace.
D) Because it keeps the stockings warmer at night.

3. What is the reason the speaker gives for leaving brandy and a mince pie for Father Christmas instead of milk and cookies in the UK?
A) Father Christmas prefers stronger drinks like brandy.
B) Brandy and mince pie are cheaper than milk and cookies.
C) Father Christmas is considered a grown-up figure in Britain.
D) The tradition is meant to make the children feel more grown-up.

4. What does the speaker say about the prizes inside a Christmas cracker?
A) They are always useful and practical.
B) They typically include a paper crown and a joke.
C) They are mostly expensive items, like jewelry.
D) They are unique to each individual person pulling the cracker.

5. What is the mandatory item to wear that comes from a Christmas cracker?
A) A Christmas hat.
B) A paper crown.
C) A festive sweater.
D) A Santa Claus mask.

6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of a British Christmas dinner?
A) Roast turkey
B) Brussels sprouts
C) Pecan pie
D) Roast potatoes

7. How is the British Christmas pudding prepared?
A) It is baked in an oven for several hours.
B) It is boiled, soaked in alcohol, aged, and then set on fire.
C) It is made from pumpkin and pecans.
D) It is served cold with whipped cream on top.

8. What is the purpose of the Royal Christmas message?
A) To entertain children during the holiday season.
B) To reflect on the events of the past year.
C) To announce royal family news.
D) To promote charity events.

9. What is the main activity associated with Boxing Day, according to the speaker?
A) Giving gifts to the poor.
B) Watching the Royal Christmas message.
C) Shopping and sales events.
D) Boxing presents to give to workers.

10. What happens if the Christmas tree and decorations are not taken down within 12 days of Christmas, according to British tradition?
A) The decorations will lose their color.
B) You will have bad luck for the rest of the year.
C) The Christmas tree will wither and die.
D) You will be required to give gifts to the poor.

Introducing the topic

The subject/topic of my talk is ...

I'm going to talk about ...

My topic today is…

My talk is concerned with ...

Overview (outline of presentation)

I’m going to divide this talk into four parts.

There are a number of points I'd like to make.

Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say.

I'd like to begin/start by ...

Let's begin/start by ...

First of all, I'll...

… and then I’ll go on to …

Then/ Next ...

Finally/ Lastly ...

Finishing a section

That's all I have to say about...

We've looked at...

So much for...

• Starting a new section

Moving on now to …

Turning to...

Let’s turn now to …

The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on …

I’d like to expand/elaborate on …

Now we'll move on to...

I'd like now to discuss...

Let's look now at...

• Analysing a point and giving recommendations

Where does that lead us?

Let's consider this in more detail...

What does this mean for...?

Translated into real terms...

Why is this important?

The significance of this is...

• Giving examples

For example,...

A good example of this is...

As an illustration,...

To give you an example,...

To illustrate this point...

• Summarising and concluding

To sum up ...

To summarise...

Right, let's sum up, shall we?

Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...

If I can just sum up the main points...

Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...

To conclude...

In conclusion ...

In short ...

So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in this talk, …

Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so I’ll conclude very briefly by saying that …..

I'd like now to recap...

• Paraphrasing and clarifying

Simply put...

In other words.......

So what I’m saying is....

To put it more simply....

To put it another way....

• Invitation to discuss / ask questions

I’m happy to answer any queries/ questions.

Does anyone have any questions or comments?

Please feel free to ask questions.

If you would like me to elaborate on any point, please ask.

Would you like to ask any questions?

Any questions?

1. What is Arthur’s current course situation?

A) He is taking all required courses this term.
B) He is taking too many electives this term.
C) He is taking an ecology course as his only elective.
D) He is repeating a required course in Ecology Three Eleven.

2. Why did Arthur decide to major in Business Administration?

A) He discovered that ecology is not a promising field.
B) He has always been interested in business.
C) He wants a career with a stable job and salary.
D) He plans to start his own company after graduation.

3. According to Arthur, why is it important to take courses like Ecology Three Eleven?

A) They will directly help him in his future career.
B) The course will help him understand the relationship between humans and nature.
C) It is a required course for his major.
D) He wants to work for a “green company” in the future.

4. How does Myra feel about the course "Nature’s Influence on Man - Man’s Influence on Nature"?

A) She finds it irrelevant to her major.
B) She is excited about the course because of the topic.
C) She dislikes the course because of its title.
D) She is unsure whether she will enjoy the course.

5. What is Arthur's opinion on the eco-game found on Dr. Forsythe’s website?

A) He thinks it’s very educational and fun.
B) He believes it is designed for younger students, like fifth graders.
C) He doesn’t think it has any educational value.
D) He has not tried the game yet.

6. What does Arthur suggest Myra do if she can't find Dr. Forsythe’s URL?

A) He will find the website for her later.
B) He will email her the URL.
C) He will ask the professor for the URL in class.
D) He will post the URL on the Science Building bulletin board.

7. Why does Myra want to find a secondhand copy of the textbook?

A) She doesn’t like the textbook.
B) She wants to save money.
C) She is waiting for a new edition to be released.
D) She hopes to sell it to other students after the course.

8. What does Arthur think about the price of textbooks?

A) Textbooks are reasonably priced.
B) They should be printed in hardcover to last longer.
C) He finds them too expensive but thinks this is necessary.
D) He believes the price of textbooks is not a big deal.

9. According to the conversation, why are textbooks often so expensive?

A) The publishers print a limited number of copies.
B) The textbooks are mostly sold online.
C) The professors decide the price.
D) The students often buy the most expensive editions.

10. What is Arthur’s plan for finding a secondhand copy of the textbook?

A) He is going to check the bookstore again.
B) He will wait for the professor to announce a discount.
C) He has posted notices on bulletin boards to find one.
D) He plans to borrow a copy from a classmate.

11. What will happen if Myra doesn’t find a used textbook by next Monday?

A) She will buy the new textbook and ask Arthur to pay her back.
B) She will buy the new textbook and give it to Arthur.
C) She will ask Arthur to buy the textbook for her.
D) She will buy the new textbook herself.

12. What is the relationship between Arthur and Myra?

A) They are classmates.
B) They are roommates.
C) They are study partners.
D) They are in a relationship.

13. What does Myra think about the price of textbooks?

A) They are overpriced but essential.
B) They should be cheaper but aren’t a big deal.
C) Textbooks are overpriced and unnecessary.
D) She believes textbooks should be printed on cheaper materials.

14. How does Myra suggest Arthur can save money on his textbook?

A) By borrowing a copy from a friend.
B) By finding a used copy for less than $35.
C) By waiting until the bookstore has a sale.
D) By printing a copy of the textbook online.

How did he answer them?

How would you answer these questions?

1. Why does Jill want an extension for her term paper?

A) She forgot about the assignment.
B) She has been very sick.
C) She has personal and academic issues that prevented her from completing the paper on time.
D) She has a part-time job that kept her busy.

2. What is the professor’s reaction when Jill asks for an extension?

A) He sympathizes with her situation and immediately agrees.
B) He is skeptical and mentions he has heard many excuses before.
C) He offers to help her with the paper directly.
D) He refuses to give her an extension but offers other solutions.

3. What does the professor mention as one of the most common excuses he has heard from students?

A) "I was sick and couldn't come to class."
B) "I had to visit my parents unexpectedly."
C) "My dog ate my homework."
D) "I was helping my friend with personal issues."

4. What event caused Jill to miss a biology lab?

A) She got the flu.
B) She had to help her roommate who was dealing with a family emergency.
C) She forgot about the lab.
D) She was working on her term paper instead.

5. What does the professor advise Jill to do in order to manage her time better in the future?

A) Work on assignments only when she feels motivated.
B) Use small gaps of time throughout the day to get work done.
C) Focus on the most urgent tasks first.
D) Plan her time only around exams.

6. What is the deadline the professor gives Jill for turning in her paper?

A) The following Monday at midnight.
B) By the end of the weekend.
C) 9 a.m. on Friday.
D) By the end of the day on Friday.

7. What does Jill say she has learned from her conversation with Professor Dalton?

A) She should not make excuses in the future.
B) She needs to start her papers earlier.
C) She will never help her roommate again.
D) She plans to focus only on schoolwork from now on.

8. What does Professor Dalton ask Jill to do in exchange for the extension?

A) Write a thank-you letter.
B) Help him grade papers.
C) Share the time management advice with her friends and dorm mates.
D) Bring her completed paper for him to review.

9. What did Jill bring to her meeting with Professor Dalton?

A) A finished term paper.
B) An outline and a rough draft.
C) A list of excuses.
D) A doctor's note.

10. Why does the professor seem understanding about Jill helping her roommate?

A) He had a similar experience when he was a student.
B) He believes helping others is more important than schoolwork.
C) He wants to encourage teamwork among students.
D) He thinks personal problems should always come before academic deadlines.

1. What was the assistant's holiday like?

A) She spent it working on his book.
B) She went on a trip to the Appalachians.
C) She stayed home and relaxed.
D) She attended a faculty meeting.

2. Why is the professor unable to take a holiday now?

A) He’s waiting for revised lecture notes.
B) He’s too busy finishing his book.
C) He doesn’t enjoy traveling.
D) He’s focused on revising the syllabus.

3.Why does Hanna say: “Uh oh! I know your idea of 'little' changes!”?

A) She is expressing genuine concern.
B) She is joking and slightly teasing the professor.
C) She is angry about the changes.
D) She is confused about the professor’s suggestion.

4. What changes does the professor want to make to the syllabus?

A) He wants to add more lectures on Old and Middle English.
B) He wants to shorten the lectures on Old and Middle English and add a lecture on World Englishes.
C) He wants to remove the quizzes from the syllabus.
D) He wants to extend the length of the course.

5. How does the professor feel about the pronunciation and orthography sections in the course?

A) He wants to focus more on them.
B) He feels they are unnecessary for the students now.
C) He wants to change how they are taught.
D) He plans to include them in the new lecture on World Englishes.

6. What is the professor’s opinion on the phonetics quiz?

A) It should be kept in the syllabus.
B) It should be moved to the new lecture.
C) It should be eliminated entirely.
D) It should be expanded to include more topics.

7. What task will the assistant, Hanna, need to do for the professor’s new lecture?

A) Prepare a quiz on World Englishes.
B) Research pidgins and creoles and gather examples.
C) Draft new lecture notes on Old and Middle English.
D) Find resources on Appalachian English dialects.

8. What does Hanna need to do with Burnley’s source book on the history of English?

A) She needs to buy a new copy for the professor.
B) She needs to find it in the library.
C) She needs to return it to the professor.
D) She needs to summarize it for the professor.

9. What does the professor ask Hanna to do regarding the student handout?

A) Update it to reflect the changes made to the syllabus.
B) Create new handouts for the World Englishes lecture.
C) Print out more copies of the handout.
D) Remove references to Old English and Middle English.

10. How does Hanna offer to assist the professor with the lecture on Appalachian English dialects?

A) By researching historical dialects.
B) By providing contemporary examples of the dialect.
C) By discussing pidgins and creoles.
D) By revising the lecture notes on Old English.

11. Where will the professor and Hanna meet next?

A) In the library.
B) At the faculty meeting.
C) At a conference.
D) In the classroom.

12. What is the tone of the professor’s response when Hanna offers anecdotes on Appalachian English dialect?

A) He is dismissive of Hanna’s offer.
B) He seems amused and open to the idea.
C) He finds the anecdotes irrelevant.
D) He is uninterested in Appalachian dialects.

1. D (B), 2.D (B), 3.B , 4.A (B), 5. D(B), 6. B(C), 7.B, 8.B (C), 9.C (A), 10. C (B) 11. D (B) 12. B

1.

What is the main topic of the conversation?

• A) A student asking about extracurricular activities at the university

• B) A student deciding which Intramural Activities Center pass to buy

• C) A student asking about gym equipment availability

• D) A student inquiring about the cost of sports classes at the university

2.

What is the price of the Super Pass?

• A) $50

• B) $60

• C) $75

• D) $100

3.

Which of the following is included in the basic IMA pass?

• A) Tennis courts

• B) Swimming pools

• C) Racquetball courts

• D) Golf driving range

4.

Why does the representative ask to see the student's ID card at the beginning of the conversation?

• A) To verify the student's identity before selling the pass

• B) To give the student a discount on the pass

• C) To check if the student is eligible for a guest pass

• D) To register the student for fitness classes

5.

What is the student's attitude towards the different passes at the beginning of the conversation?

• A) Curious but confident

• B) Confused and overwhelmed

• C) Happy and excited

• D) Indifferent and uninterested

6.

What can be inferred about the Super Pass from the conversation?

• A) It is only available during the summer quarter.

• B) It is more expensive but offers additional features compared to the basic pass.

• C) It is cheaper than the basic pass.

• D) It includes a free fitness class with every purchase.

7.

The student asks whether non-students can buy IMA passes. What is the representative's response?

• A) Non-students can buy IMA passes for $10 per visit, but only if they are accompanied by a student or faculty member.

• B) Non-students can buy IMA passes for $5 per visit.

• C) Non-students cannot buy passes, but they can participate in fitness classes.

• D) Non-students can buy IMA passes directly at the counter without any restrictions.

8.

Why does the representative explain the cost of specialized passes for swimming pools and fitness centers?

• A) To convince the student to buy a more expensive pass

• B) To give the student all the options available before making a decision

• C) To let the student know about the student discounts

• D) To inform the student about seasonal pricing

9.

Why does the representative mention that the fitness pass includes a 15% discount on sports and fitness classes?

• A) To highlight that the student will save money if they take classes

• B) To emphasize that the student needs to buy extra passes for fitness classes

• C) To encourage the student to choose the Super Pass

• D) To show that the fitness pass is not worth the price

10.

How does the student feel about the number of options for IMA passes?

• A) They are excited and ready to make a decision.

• B) They are unsure and need more time to think.

• C) They are disappointed with the limited options.

• D) They feel overwhelmed by the prices.

11.

What information is provided to help the student make a decision about purchasing a pass?

• A) The operating hours of the IMA Center and how to contact the representative

• B) The detailed list of facilities available with each pass

• C) The fact that non-students can pay per visit

• D) The brochure containing information about IMA sports and fitness classes

12.

What is the purpose of the representative mentioning the two-week Christmas vacation?

• A) To explain that the Super Pass offers extra access during the holiday season

• B) To inform the student that there are no IMA Center services during Christmas

• C) To suggest that the student should buy a pass for the Christmas break

• D) To provide information on how to make a reservation for the vacation period

13.

Which of the following is included in the $40 fitness center pass?

• A) Access to the swimming pool

• B) Access to the tennis courts

• C) Access to weight and fitness machines

• D) Access to the racquetball courts

3:14'

What is the lecture mainly about?

A) The social structures in the Northern and Southern Colonies during the 19th century
B) The economic differences between the Northern and Southern Colonies and their impact on the Civil War
C) The role of slavery in shaping the economy of the Southern Colonies
D) The migration patterns of Irish and German immigrants to the North

1.

According to the lecture, what was the main reason the North did not develop a plantation-based economy like the South?

A) The cold climate in the North prevented large-scale agriculture
B) The North had more access to slaves than the South
C) The North's agricultural land was not fertile enough
D) The North relied on the labor of immigrants instead of enslaved people

2.

What does the word “irreconcilable” most likely mean in the context of the lecture?

A) Impossible to understand
B) Impossible to make peace with
C) Impossible to ignore
D) Impossible to change

3.

Based on the lecture, which of the following statements is most likely true about the working conditions in Northern factories during the 19th century?

A) Factory workers had favorable conditions and high wages.
B) Most factory workers were immigrants who worked in difficult and dangerous conditions.
C) Factory workers in the North were mainly wealthy landowners.
D) Factory workers had little opportunity for social mobility.

4.

According to the lecture, how did the differences in economic structures between the North and South affect their views on westward expansion?

A) Both sides wanted to limit expansion to avoid conflict over new territories.
B) The North and South both saw westward expansion as a way to increase economic opportunities, but each side had different ideas about what kind of opportunities should be prioritized.
C) The North wanted to stop westward expansion, while the South wanted to expand further into the North.
D) The North and South agreed on how to manage westward expansion, focusing mainly on the railroad.

5.

What is the purpose of the section of the lecture discussing the class structure in both the North and South?

A) To explain why the North was more economically successful than the South
B) To compare the social hierarchies and economic opportunities in both regions
C) To highlight the differences in the quality of life between factory workers and plantation owners
D) To discuss the development of a middle class in the Southern states

6.

Why does the speaker say, "Despite the popular myth of gigantic plantations across the South, only one-tenth of a percent of slaveholders owned more than 100 people"?

A) To emphasize how few plantation owners actually controlled large numbers of enslaved people
B) To suggest that slavery was not as important to the Southern economy as people think
C) To show that the Southern economy was primarily based on small family farms
D) To criticize the Southern plantation system for its inefficiency

1. What is the main idea of the speaker’s lecture?

A) The speaker discusses how the wheelchair transformed her life by providing freedom.
B) The speaker talks about her experience with scuba diving.
C) The speaker describes how she faced challenges in using a wheelchair.
D) The speaker explains the science behind the wheelchair.

2. How does the speaker feel about using the wheelchair?

A) The speaker feels restricted and frustrated by the wheelchair.
B) The speaker views the wheelchair as a symbol of limitation.
C) The speaker feels a sense of freedom and joy from using the wheelchair.
D) The speaker is indifferent to the wheelchair.

3. Why does the speaker mention creating the underwater wheelchair?

A) To demonstrate the practical benefits of scuba diving.
B) To show how art can transform perceptions of the wheelchair.
C) To share the technical design of the wheelchair.
D) To explain the medical benefits of using a wheelchair underwater.

4. What specific word did people associate with the wheelchair when the speaker first started using it?

A) Freedom
B) Adventure
C) Pity
D) Excitement

5.: What can be inferred about the speaker’s perspective on the reactions of others to their wheelchair?

A) The speaker believes that people’s assumptions about wheelchairs are accurate and justified.
B) The speaker feels disconnected from society because of people’s negative reactions to their wheelchair.
C) The speaker thinks that their experience with the wheelchair helps others better understand its potential.
D) The speaker wishes that people would stop noticing the wheelchair.

6. In what year did the speaker begin using the wheelchair?

A) 1999
B) 2005
C) 2009
D) 2003

7. What is the speaker's purpose in sharing their experience with the underwater wheelchair?

A) To show how innovation can challenge existing perceptions of disability.
B) To persuade people to adopt wheelchairs for themselves.
C) To highlight the importance of scuba diving for physical therapy.
D) To discuss the technical development of the underwater wheelchair.

8.Why does the speaker mention the reactions of other people when they first started using the wheelchair?

A) To explain how they felt when people didn’t understand their situation.
B) To show how people's reactions influenced their view of the wheelchair.
C) To describe how they received emotional support from others.
D) To highlight how people treated them differently in public spaces.

9. How does the speaker feel about the concept of difference, as mentioned in the lecture?

A) The speaker sees difference as something negative that leads to alienation.
B) The speaker views difference as an opportunity for transformation and joy.
C) The speaker believes difference isolates people from each other.
D) The speaker thinks difference is irrelevant to their experience with the wheelchair.

1. Sleeping with extra blankets

2. Staying with a family member

3. Using a space heater

4. Sleeping in another dorm room

 
     What does the employee offer to do to help the woman?

1. Fax a form to the repairs office

2. Call the repairs office and tell them the request is urgent

3. Fill out a form to request repairs

4. Send an email to the repairs office

1. It was quite a bit longer

2. It had darker themes

3. It was widely criticized

4. It gained popularity during Poe’s life

 
What does the raven in the poem represent?

1. The grief and heartache over a loss

2. The romantic relationship with Lenore

3. A form of companionship for the narrator

4. The motives of the supernatural elements in the poem

What does the professor imply about The Raven?

1. The origins of Poe’s inspiration for the raven are unknown

2. The poem did not receive the recognition it deserved

3. The students may find the poem difficult to understand

4. The poem is much better than later poetry written by Poe

What are two possible sources of inspiration for Poe’s use of the raven?
Choose two answers.

1. Egyptian mythology

2. Hebrew folklore

3. Norse mythology

4. African folklore

1. What is the main topic of the lecture?
   a) The discovery of bees' dancing behavior.
   b) The history of animal behavior studies.
   c) How scientists measure the distance of food sites for bees.
   d) The way bees communicate using smell.

2. According to the speaker, what did Karl von Frisch discover in the 1960s?
   a) Bees can fly over long distances.
   b) Bees use their sense of smell to locate food.
   c) Bees perform a dance to communicate food locations.
   d) Bees rely on the sun to guide them to food.

3. What are the two types of dances that scout bees perform, according to the British scientists?
   a) Circle dance and waggle dance.
   b) Round dance and oval dance.
   c) Waggle dance and vertical line dance.
   d) Circle dance and vertical line dance.

4. How does the speed of the waggle dance help the other bees?
   a) It tells them which direction to fly.
   b) It indicates how far away the food is.
   c) It shows them where the food is located.
   d) It helps them understand the smell of the food.

5. How does the speaker organize the information in the lecture?
   a) The speaker starts by describing the discovery of dancing bees, followed by a discussion of different types of dances and how they work.
   b) The speaker first talks about the history of bees, then describes their communication with smell, and finally mentions the waggle dance.
   c) The speaker begins with a detailed description of radar technology and ends by explaining bees' food collection process.
   d) The speaker starts with the problems scientists had understanding bees, then goes on to explain the mechanics of the waggle dance.

6. Why does the speaker mention the skepticism of other scientists about von Frisch’s theory?
   a) To show that the theory was widely accepted and proven true.
   b) To introduce the role of radar technology in confirming the theory.
   c) To explain that scientists thought bees used smell to locate food.
   d) To highlight the limitations of the waggle dance in helping bees find food.

7. Based on the speaker's description, what can be inferred about the importance of the waggle dance?
   a) It is essential for directing bees exactly to the food.
   b) It is only useful for bees living far from the hive.
   c) It helps bees navigate towards the general location of food.
   d) It allows bees to communicate with other animals as well.

✅ Answer Key

1. D

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. D

1. What is the main purpose of the conversation?

   • A) To discuss parking availability on campus

   • B) To provide information about parking passes for the upcoming school year

   • C) To explain the differences between cash, check, and credit card payments

   • D) To inquire about summer parking rates

   
   

2. Which of the following statements is true about the yearly parking pass?

   • A) The pass includes the summer term

   • B) It is valid from September 22nd to June 7th

   • C) The pass is only valid for the fall quarter

   • D) It includes parking on weekends for limited passes

3. How much does an unlimited parking pass cost?

   • A) $50

   • B) $100

   • C) $150

   • D) $200

4. How can the woman pay for the parking pass?

   • A) Only by cash

   • B) Only by check

   • C) By cash, check, or credit card

   • D) By credit card only

   
   

5. What is the correct order of steps the woman needs to follow to obtain her parking pass?

   • A) Pay for the pass, fill out the form, receive the sticker

   • B) Fill out the form, pay for the pass, receive the sticker

   • C) Receive the sticker, fill out the form, pay for the pass

   • D) Fill out the form, receive the sticker, pay for the pass

     
     

6. Why does the clerk mention that parking is on a "first-come, first-serve basis"?

   • A) To explain that not everyone with a parking pass is guaranteed a parking spot

   • B) To inform the woman that parking spaces are limited during the summer

   • C) To assure the woman that parking will be available at all times

   • D) To clarify the cost of parking without a pass

7. What can be inferred about the woman’s decision to purchase the unlimited pass?

   • A) She is unsure whether she will need it during the summer term.

   • B) She prefers not to pay for parking at all, even on weekends.

   • C) She wants to ensure she can park on campus every day of the school year, including weekends.

   • D) She is concerned that the limited pass won't cover the entire school year.

8. Why might the clerk mention that a limited parking pass only covers school days?

   • A) To emphasize the convenience of the unlimited pass

   • B) To suggest that the woman should buy an unlimited pass

   • C) To explain why the limited pass costs less

   • D) To clarify that weekends and holidays require additional payments

1. He thinks she does not have time for a job

2. He thinks she should drop some classes

3. He thinks she should take more classes related to her major

4. He thinks it indicates she is a very hard worker

 
What is the woman’s attitude towards the job in the dining hall?

1. She thinks she does not have time for it in her schedule

2. She thinks it will be easier than other jobs she has done in the past

3. She is disappointed it is no longer available

4. She thinks it will be a good fit because it has flexible hours 

Why does the man say this?
“No kidding!”

1. He thinks the woman is joking

2. He wants to turn to a more serious matter

3. He agrees with the woman

4. He doesn’t think the woman understands his point

1. By comparing Benedict Arnold to George Washington

2. By highlighting key victories in Benedict Arnold’s life

3. By contrasting Benedict Arnold with other soldiers in the Revolutionary War

4. By telling events of Benedict Arnold’s life in the order they occurred

 
Why does the professor say this, “Now, the plot thickens!”

1. She is about to tell a personal story

2. She wants to see if the students understand his point

3. She is about to tell the students important information

4. She is concerned the students might be bored by the lecture

 
Why does the professor mention Benedict Arnold’s wife Peggy?

1. To note the impact his marriage had on his relationship with George Washington

2. To explain how Arnold got into contact with the British

3. To compare Arnold’s life events to Washington’s

4. To explain why Arnold moved to Mount Pleasant

A. To criticize history textbooks for ignoring female contributions
B. To explain different approaches to studying women in U.S. history
C. To describe the political achievements of women in U.S. history
D. To argue that women have been more influential than men in history

2. According to the professor, what role did Jane Addams play in U.S. history?

A. She was a commander in the military
B. She wrote the first women-centered history book
C. She was the first female senator
D. She advocated for women’s rights and helped the poor

3. What can be inferred about the contribution approach to women's history?

A. It only focuses on women from wealthy backgrounds
B. It considers women’s everyday roles as central to history
C. It highlights exceptional women but overlooks average experiences
D. It ignores major political and social movements led by women

4. Why does the professor mention the Salem “witches”?

A. To illustrate an early example of women's empowerment
B. To criticize the way the victim approach dramatizes history
C. To show how women have resisted oppression
D. To introduce a new model of historical study

5. What does the professor imply about the relationship between the contribution and victim approaches and women-centered history?

A. Women-centered history replaces both previous approaches
B. Women-centered history is based solely on the contribution approach
C. Women-centered history blends the strengths of both prior approaches
D. The previous approaches are more balanced than women-centered history

6. Which of the following historical movements does the professor say are now being seen in a new light due to women-centered history?

A. The environmental and peace movements
B. The labor movement and civil rights movement
C. The temperance and prohibition movements
D. The Civil War and the suffrage movement

7. What is the professor’s attitude toward the emergence of women-centered history?

A. Completely skeptical
B. Cautiously supportive
C. Neutral and indifferent
D. Strongly opposed

8. Why does the professor mention subcategories like labor history and race divisions?

A. To argue that women-centered history ignores these aspects
B. To highlight areas where further research can be done
C. To suggest these divisions are unimportant to women's history
D. To show how unified the women's historical experience has been

9. According to the professor, how does women-centered history frame the question of historical analysis?

A. “How have men suppressed women?”
B. “How have women helped men?”
C. “What have women done?”
D. “Why were women excluded?”

10. What is the relationship between Gerda Lerner’s ideas and women-centered history?

A. Lerner criticizes it as being too focused on modern events
B. Lerner’s theories have been largely dismissed by feminist scholars
C. Lerner developed the victim approach as a counter to women-centered history
D. Lerner argues it provides a more balanced view of women’s power and oppression

2 Jane Addams helped the poor in Chicago, was a founding member of the ACLU, and advocated for workers’ and women’s rights.

3 The contribution approach is criticized for only emphasizing exceptional women, not everyday social roles.

4 The Salem "witches" are used as an example of how the victim approach can dramatize women's experiences.

5 Women-centered history is described as balancing the strengths and weaknesses of both previous approaches.

6 The professor explicitly mentions the temperance and prohibition movements as being re-evaluated.

7 The professor expresses some uncertainty ("I’m not sure about that") but acknowledges that women-centered history has positively influenced historical perspectives.

8 These subcategories are mentioned as areas for future research and expansion in women’s history.

9 The women-centered approach asks, “What have women done?”, rather than focusing on men’s roles in relation to women.

10 Lerner is quoted as saying women-centered history reflects how women have both suffered oppression and exercised power.

Questions:

1. What is the main purpose of Cindy's conversation with her coach?
A. To discuss strategy for the upcoming intramural tournament
B. To explain why she wants to switch to a different position on the team
C. To talk about academic struggles and ask to reduce her involvement in football
D. To request permission to take a vacation from school

2. What does Cindy say about her academic performance this term?
A. She's failing all of her courses
B. She has good grades in all subjects except one
C. Her grades are lower than expected, especially in Economics and Cost Accounting
D. She's passed all her midterms with scores over 80%

3. What can be inferred about the coach’s attitude toward Cindy’s suggestion to move to the B Squad?
A. The coach is indifferent and agrees right away
B. The coach is concerned because Cindy is the team's best forward
C. The coach thinks Cindy should quit the team altogether
D. The coach is angry and refuses to consider the idea

4. Why does Cindy mention that Marly could take her place?
A. She wants to help Marly improve her performance
B. She wants to reassure the coach that the team will be fine without her
C. She is trying to persuade Marly to quit
D. She believes Marly should be team captain

5. What solution does the coach propose to help Cindy with her academic issues?
A. She should retake her midterms
B. She should get a tutor
C. She should switch majors
D. She should quit the football team

6. Why is Cindy reluctant to accept the tutor idea right away?
A. She thinks it’s too expensive
B. She believes it won’t help her pass
C. She feels she must learn the material on her own
D. She has already tried using a tutor with no success

7. What does the coach’s tone suggest when he says, “You're going to leave a big hole in the offense if you take off”?
A. He is upset and trying to guilt Cindy
B. He is calmly reminding Cindy of her value to the team
C. He is indifferent to Cindy’s decision
D. He is blaming Cindy for the team’s possible failure

8. How does the coach try to compromise with Cindy?
A. By reducing practice hours permanently
B. By allowing her to return to the team only after finals
C. By offering a short break from practice if she trains Marly
D. By promising to cancel the tournament

9. What is Cindy's response to the coach’s proposal about taking time off and possibly returning for the tournament?
A. She immediately agrees
B. She says she has already decided to quit
C. She asks for time to think it over
D. She refuses to consider it

10. What can be inferred about the relationship between Cindy and her coach?
A. It's strictly professional with little personal concern
B. It’s tense and argumentative
C. It’s supportive and understanding
D. It’s competitive and challenging

Listen carefully to the lecture. Then, answer the following questions. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for each one.

1. What is the main idea of the lecture?

A. Argentina's victory in the 2022 World Cup was unexpected.
B. Gambling apps are becoming more popular due to sports events.
C. Sports betting apps use psychological tricks to encourage gambling.
D. Young people are not interested in sports betting.

2. According to the lecture, why are random rewards effective in gambling?

A. They make people confused about their losses.
B. They create excitement through unpredictability.
C. They help gamblers focus on winning strategies.
D. They stop people from placing more bets.

3. Why does the speaker talk about slot machines in the lecture?

A. To explain how traditional games are better than mobile apps.
B. To show how quickly people can win large amounts of money.
C. To describe how timing is used to keep players engaged.
D. To compare slot machines to sports teams.

4. What can be inferred about "near-misses" in gambling games?

A. Players usually stop playing after a near-miss.
B. Near-misses make players feel like they are close to winning.
C. Near-misses are not used in sports betting.
D. Near-misses do not affect the brain’s pleasure system.

5. What is a "parlay" bet, as described in the lecture?

A. A single bet placed during a live game.
B. A bet that includes multiple smaller bets, where one loss loses everything.
C. A safe way to win small amounts of money.
D. A type of bet that guarantees a near-miss.

6. What is the speaker’s attitude toward gambling tactics used in apps?

A. They are fun and exciting for all users.
B. They are helpful for responsible gamblers.
C. They are dangerous, especially for young people.
D. They are fair and based on chance.

✅ Answer Key

1. C – Sports betting apps use psychological tricks to encourage gambling.

2. B – They create excitement through unpredictability.

3. C – To describe how timing is used to keep players engaged.

4. B – Near-misses make players feel like they are close to winning.

5. B – A bet that includes multiple smaller bets, where one loss loses everything.

6. C – They are dangerous, especially for young people.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation/tims-pronunciation-workshop-ep-28

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation/tims-pronunciation-workshop-ep-1

1. What is the main purpose of the speaker’s talk?

A. To highlight the winners of Olympic shooting events
B. To summarize popular and unique moments from the Paris Olympics
C. To explain how athletes prepare for Olympic competitions
D. To compare Olympic traditions between countries

2. According to the speaker, what made Kim Yeji go viral on social media?

A. Her powerful performance in the final round
B. Her resemblance to a famous movie character
C. Her futuristic appearance during the competition
D. Her gold medal win in the air pistol event

3. What can be inferred about Yusuf Dikec’s approach to competing?

A. He believed high-tech equipment gave him a competitive edge
B. He was forced to use basic gear due to lack of sponsorship
C. He showed confidence by using simple equipment
D. He was disqualified for not wearing standard gear

4. What does the phrase “main character energy” most likely mean in this context?

A. Acting as if you're in control of a situation with confidence
B. Refusing to follow traditional Olympic rules
C. Supporting other competitors like a team leader
D. Seeking attention through dramatic behavior

5. What is the speaker’s attitude toward Gianmarco Tamberi’s lost wedding ring?

A. Disappointed but understanding
B. Amused and touched by his romantic response
C. Critical of his careless behavior
D. Indifferent to the situation

6. Why is Lim Jong-hun’s bronze medal particularly significant for him?

A. It allows him to represent South Korea in more Olympic games
B. It earned him a financial reward from his government
C. It exempts him from serving mandatory military duty
D. It helped ease tensions between North and South Korea

✅ Answer Key:

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. B

6. C

🗣️ Assimilation of /t/ in English – Pronunciation Guide & Practice

🔍 What is Assimilation?

Assimilation happens when a sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound. In fast or natural speech, the /t/ sound is often affected by the sound that follows it.

📝 Practice Activity: Sentence Drills

Repeat the following sentences slowly, then gradually increase your speed to practice the natural assimilation of /t/. Focus on smooth transitions and blended sounds.

🔹 /t/ + /p/ → /p/

1. That place is always crowded.

2. I can’t play today.

3. You should get parking early.

🔹 /t/ + /k/ → /k/

4. That cat sleeps all day.

5. I can't cook without onions.

6. She met Carl last weekend.

🔹 /t/ + /j/ → /ʧ/

7. Don’t you want to try it?

8. Wouldn’t you prefer coffee?

9. He said “Can’t you wait?”

🔹 /t/ + /b/ → /p/

10. You should get back soon.

11. That boy is my cousin.

12. I bought bananas from the market.

🔹 /t/ + /g/ → /k/

13. It’s not good to skip breakfast.

14. That guy seems familiar.

15. Please get going now.

🔹 /t/ + /m/, /n/ → /m/, /n/

16. That man works here.

17. I can't move this box.

18. Not now, I'm busy!

🔹 /t/ + /ʃ/ → /ʧ/

19. I’ll meet you at 5.

20. Don’t shout at me!

21. She’ll let you know soon.

🔹 /t/ + /s/ → /s/ or dropped

22. He’s the best student in class.

23. That was the next step.

24. She’s the brightest star in the team.

    
    

1. What is the main purpose of this conversation?
A. To compare old and new voicemail technologies
B. To present research on generational communication habits
C. To discuss changing social norms in phone etiquette
D. To argue in favor of banning voicemails entirely

2. Why does the speaker mention texting someone before calling them?

A. To criticize people who ignore phone calls
B. To show that texting is more reliable than voicemail
C. To prove that younger people dislike talking on the phone
D. To suggest a courteous behavior before initiating a call

3. What can be inferred about people who do not leave a message or text after calling?
A. They may not consider the call important
B. They expect to be called back automatically
C. They are usually older adults who dislike texting
D. They are likely to call multiple times

4. What is the speakers’ attitude toward people using speakerphone in public?
A. They think it's acceptable in emergencies
B. They view it as inconsiderate and annoying
C. They find it efficient and modern
D. They believe it depends on the location

5. How is the conversation organized?
A. It first presents listener complaints, then critiques social media use
B. It begins with a discussion of generational views and ends with voicemail tips
C. It starts with general rules, then provides specific scenarios and personal reactions
D. It focuses entirely on expert advice without any personal input

6. According to the speakers, how do communication preferences differ depending on the relationship between people?
A. People use formal communication only with strangers
B. People always text their peers but call older adults
C. People choose different methods based on familiarity and context
D. People are more likely to call clients than parents

✅ Answer Key

1. C – To discuss changing social norms in phone etiquette

2. D – To suggest a courteous behavior before initiating a call

3. A – They may not consider the call important

4. B – They view it as inconsiderate and annoying

5. C – It starts with general rules, then provides specific scenarios and personal reactions

6. C – People choose different methods based on familiarity and context

• Unstressed Syllables: The most important rule is that schwa occurs in unstressed syllables. 

• Any Vowel: Any vowel letter (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y) can be pronounced as a schwa sound. 

• Relaxed Mouth: The schwa sound is produced with a relaxed mouth, tongue, and jaw. 

• Neutral Sound: It's a short, central vowel sound, often described as "uh". 

• Common in Grammar Words: Schwa is frequently found in common words like "the," "a," "and," "of," and "to". 

Specific Patterns:

• Vowel + "r":

  When a vowel is followed by "r" in an unstressed syllable, it often makes the schwa sound (e.g., "butter," "doctor"). 

• Open Syllables:

  In open, unstressed syllables (those ending in a vowel sound), the vowel can be shortened and become a schwa (e.g., "ago," "around"). 

• Final Stable Syllables:

  Final stable syllables like "-ble," "-tion," "-cial" often contain a schwa sound (e.g., "table," "caption," "social"). 

• The farmer spent the morning _______ the sheep into the pen.

• My golden _______ loves to play fetch in the park.

• After a short chase, the police managed to _______ the thief.

• A wolf hunts its _______ at night.

• That was a pretty _______ excuse—you’ll have to do better next time!

• When the bell rings, it’s a _______ to go to class.

• They _______ dogs to have a calm and friendly nature.

• She was raised in a warm home and _______ with love.

• We didn’t have a plan; it was a _______ decision.

• My dog has been with me since _______.

• He didn’t plan anything; he just made a _______ decision and left.

• The _______ side of success is hard work and sacrifice.

• She’s a great _______ and always cheers me up.

• He’s very _______ and understands how others feel.

• Some animals have _______ behavior, like chasing a ball without being taught.

• The dog was trained to _______ the toy and bring it back.

• Cats are _______ animals that live well with humans.

• He took on every _______ without complaining.

• When she helped, it really _______ the situation.

• Metals are _______ when heated, just like ideas in young minds.

• obedience

• adaptive

• herding

• retriever

• run down

• prey

• lousy

• cue

• be bred

• reared

• seat-of-the-pants

• puppyhood

• seat-of-the-pants

• flip side

• companion

• empathetic

• instinctive

• retrieve

• domesticated

• task

• played into

• malleable

🔹 When Does Linking /w/ Happen?

It happens between two words when:

1. The first word ends in a rounded vowel sound, especially:

   • /uː/ as in you, do

   • /əʊ/ as in go, no

   • /ɔː/ (sometimes) as in saw

2. The next word starts with a vowel sound (like /ɪ/, /ɑː/, /e/, etc.)

🔹 Linking /w/ Sentences

1. Go out and enjoy the sun.

2. You are my best friend.

3. Do it now, please.

4. He’ll always be there for you.

5. I want to ask a question.

6. Who is your teacher?

7. So am I.

8. They want you to open the door.

9. I know it’s hard.

10. She asked you to eat earlier.

🔹 Matching Game :

Left Side (sentence starters):

1. Throw

2. How

3. You

4. I knew

5. Go

6. No

7. Do

8. We

9. Show

10. Who

    
    

Right Side (sentence endings):

a. out the trash
b. it again
c. are right
d. it would rain
e. over there
f. one cares
g. anything about it
h. always do your best
i. us the way
j. is he talking to?

1. a - The main topic of the lecture is the discovery of bees' dancing behavior.

2. c - Karl von Frisch discovered that bees perform a dance to communicate food locations.

3. a - The two types of dances are the circle dance and the waggle dance.

4. b - The speed of the waggle dance indicates how far away the food is.

5. a - The speaker organizes the information by first describing the discovery of dancing bees and then discussing the different types of dances and how they work.

6. b - The mention of skepticism introduces the role of radar technology in confirming the theory.

7. c - The waggle dance helps bees navigate to the general location of food, but not to the exact spot.

1. Some people with __________ feel very upset when they hear everyday noises like chewing or tapping.

2. A loud cheing noise or pen clicking can be a __________ for people with misophonia.

3. To ______ with misophonia, many people avoid noisy places like restaurants or busy offices.

4. Scientists think misophonia might be an __________ in how the brain processes sounds, which makes some noises feel painful.

5. The crunch of __________ being eaten loudly can cause a lot of discomfort to someone with misophonia.

6. Misophonia symptoms can __________ with daily activities, such as working, studying, or having conversations.

7. People with misophonia often have a __________ sensitivity, noticing sounds others might not even hear.

8. When exposed to loud or repeated noises, some people __________, showing strong feelings like anger or panic.

9. Awareness of misophonia has become more __________ in schools and workplaces, helping people get support.

10. For some, misophonia is like a __________ that makes social events and quiet moments stressful.

• misophonia

• trigger

• an abnormality

• cope

• a crisp

• interfere

• heightened

• go bananas

• prevalent

• blight

1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To compare television news with newspapers
B. To criticize USA Today’s journalistic standards
C. To explain how newspapers report international news
D. To describe the history and impact of USA Today

2. According to the professor, how did USA Today differ from traditional newspapers when it first began?
A. It did not include entertainment or sports news
B. It used color graphics and short articles to attract readers
C. It focused mainly on international politics and world news
D. It had longer, more detailed articles

3.Why does the professor mention McDonald's fast food?
A. To illustrate how other newspapers criticized USA Today
B. To explain why people liked short news articles
C. To show how fast food companies supported USA Today
D. To compare the business model of newspapers with restaurants

4. What can be inferred about newspaper readers in the past, according to the professor?
A. They enjoyed reading about crime and violence.
B. They had trouble understanding complex news stories.
C. They preferred long, in-depth articles over short summaries.
D. They were mostly uninterested in sports or entertainment.

5.How does the professor organize the lecture?
A. By comparing USA Today with other media outlets
B. By explaining the development and influence of USA Today over time
C. By listing types of newspapers and their differences
D. By describing the structure of USA Today’s newsroom

6.What is the professor’s attitude toward USA Today?
A. He thinks it is ruining journalism.
B. He thinks it was only successful because of its marketing.
C. He feels it should have remained focused on entertainment.
D. He believes it had a positive influence despite early criticism.

https://quizlet.com/br/1082411868/toef-listening-flash-cards/?i=3tzsw1&x=1jqt

A. Fill in the gaps with the right word from the bank.

Word bank:

approach sessile grasp comparative daunting

bulldoze workload field questions

1. We need to decide how to __________ the project before we start researching.

2. The students will have to __________ during the seminar after their presentation.

3. I don't have a full __________ of the topic yet, but I'm getting there.

4. The essay must include a __________ analysis of the two species.

5. That textbook looks really __________ — it’s over 500 pages!

6. Sponges are __________ animals; they don't move around.

7. We've got a heavy __________ this semester with all the group projects.

8. Let's try to __________ through the reading in the first two weeks and meet again after that.

   
   

B. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:

1. What is the main purpose of the conversation?

A. To prepare for an upcoming biology exam
B. To plan how to divide the work for a joint class presentation
C. To ask the professor for help with their research
D. To decide on a new topic for their term paper

2. What concern does Jared express about the presentation?

A. Colleen hasn’t done his part of the research
B. They might not find any relevant sources
C. They both need to understand both topics thoroughly
D. She doesn’t think their professor will like the topic

3. What challenge do the students identify in doing their research?

A. The available books are outdated
B. They must find original data on marine life
C. Most sources do not compare the two phyla directly
D. Neither of them has studied marine biology before

4. Why does Jared choose to research sponges?

A. He thinks they are more fascinating than jellyfish
B. He believes the professor prefers that topic
C. He finds jellyfish too confusing and complex
D. He already has background knowledge about sponges

5. What do the students decide about how to proceed with their project?

A. Meet weekly and collaborate after initial individual research
B. Work separately and only meet before the presentation
C. Start by writing a joint outline and divide the sections later
D. Finish all research before the next seminar meeting

6. Why does the woman say this?

"We just can't be 'stings' and 'squirts', like Laurel and Hardy."

A. To suggest they each focus on completely different organisms
B. To highlight that they need to work together more effectively
C. To explain that the organisms have humorous names
D. To emphasize how similar the two marine groups are

BThe whole discussion revolves around how to divide tasks and plan their seminar presentation.

2CColleen emphasizes that both need to understand both parts since they’ll face seminar questions.

3CJared notes that most texts treat phyla separately, making direct comparisons rare.

4CJared says coelenterates (jellyfish) seem “daunting,” so he prefers the more manageable sponges.

5AThey agree to research separately at first, then meet weekly to combine and refine their work.

6B

🅰️ Column A – Words

1. Grid

2. Offshore

3. Stranded

4. Crater

5. Aside from

6. Make up

7. Bare

   
   

🅱️ Column B – Definitions + Examples

A. To consist of or form part of something.
Example: These states only ___ 30% of the total energy demand.

B. A system of connected power lines that delivers electricity.
Example: The ___ couldn't handle any more electricity in that region.

C. Located in the sea, away from the land.
Example: Some of the strongest wind farms are built ___ to capture more wind.

D. Not including; except for.
Example: ___ the coastal wind farms, most energy projects are in the center of the country.

E. Not covered or protected.
Example: High-voltage wires are left completely ___ to the air.

F. Left stuck or unable to move or be used.
Example: Without transmission lines, energy from solar farms could become __.

G. To suddenly fail or collapse completely.
Example: If one landowner refuses, it could ___ the entire construction project.

II Listen to the talk and answer the questions:

1. What is the main purpose of the talk?
A. To explain how Vermont is achieving its clean energy goals
B. To describe the history of electricity transmission in the U.S.
C. To highlight the challenges of building a renewable energy grid
D. To argue against using high-voltage power lines in rural areas

2. Why was a solar project in Vermont denied?
A. The project didn’t meet environmental regulations
B. The area lacked enough sunlight for solar power
C. There wasn’t enough demand for electricity in the area
D. The existing grid had reached its capacity

3. Why does the speaker mention trees coming into contact with power lines?
A. To illustrate how transmission lines can damage forests
B. To explain a risk associated with high-voltage transmission lines
C. To suggest that power lines should be moved underground
D. To show how climate change affects energy infrastructure

4. What can be inferred from the map showing population density and power plants?
A. Most power plants are built in rural areas
B. There is a mismatch between renewable energy sources and where people live
C. The government needs to build more plants in cities
D. Energy should be consumed near where it is generated

5. What is the speaker’s attitude toward building transmission infrastructure?
A. Supportive and sees it as essential
B. Neutral but somewhat skeptical
C. Concerned about its environmental impact
D. Uncertain about its long-term benefits

6. How does the speaker organize the talk?
A. By presenting a problem and discussing solutions
B. By telling a story about a solar farm
C. By listing historical developments in energy policy
D. By comparing different types of renewable energy

• C

• D

• B

• B

• A

• A

Fad = craze, mania

Trend = tendency

Instructions: Listen to the lecture and answer the following multiple-choice questions. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A. To explain how consumer markets operate
B. To describe the differences between fads and trends
C. To show how marketing strategies affect product sales
D. To discuss how toys have changed over the years

2. According to the professor, what is one reason large companies are cautious about promoting fads?

A. They do not trust the popularity of new products.
B. They prefer to let small companies take the risk.
C. They fear damaging their reputation if the fad fails.
D. They are unable to change their inventory quickly.

3. What can be inferred about why trends are more valuable than fads to companies?

A. Trends are easier to advertise.
B. Trends generate profit over a longer period.
C. Fads are often disliked by consumers.
D. Trends attract older customers.

4. Why does the professor mention the hula hoop and pet rocks?

A. To show how toys have evolved
B. To illustrate how unpredictable fads are
C. To compare different types of marketing
D. To criticize consumer culture

5. How is the lecture organized?

A. The professor defines a concept and then gives examples to support it.
B. The professor tells a story and then explains its meaning.
C. The professor compares and contrasts two ideas throughout the lecture.
D. The professor poses several student questions and answers them.

6. What is the professor’s attitude toward the topic of fads and trends?

A. Dismissive and uninterested
B. Enthusiastic and curious
C. Critical and skeptical
D. Confused and uncertain

7. According to the lecture, how did cell phones become a trend rather than a fad?

A. They were cheap and easy to produce.
B. They remained popular even after new technologies were introduced.
C. They expanded into multiple industries beyond just telephony.
D. They were only marketed by large companies.

49

64

68

- According to the passage, what is true about Level 4 autonomous vehicles?
A. They can drive anywhere under any conditions.
B. They require a human driver to keep their eyes on the road.
C. They can operate without a human driver but only in limited areas or conditions.
D. They are currently only being tested in California.

- All of the following are mentioned as features of Level 2 vehicles EXCEPT:
A. Blind spot detection
B. Lane centering
C. Automatic emergency braking
D. Complete self-driving ability

- What can be inferred about public understanding of autonomous vehicles?
A. Most people clearly understand the differences between the levels of automation.
B. Tesla’s marketing may have led to confusion about how self-driving its cars actually are.
C. The government has strictly defined the levels, so confusion is rare.
D. Only experts like Andrew Hawkins misunderstand the terms.

- In Elon Musk’s quote “we can make a very compelling $25,000 electric vehicle,” the word “compelling” most likely means:
A. inexpensive and practical
B. difficult to produce
C. attractive or convincing
D. completely autonomous

- Why does the speaker mention Elon Musk’s statement about a “fully autonomous” $25,000 car?
A. To show that Tesla is close to achieving Level 5 automation
B. To illustrate how Tesla promotes ambitious and possibly unrealistic claims
C. To prove that autonomous vehicles will soon be affordable
D. To explain that electric vehicles are cheaper than gas-powered ones

- In the sentence “for all intents and purposes, the car is technically driving itself,” the phrase “for all intents and purposes” is closest in meaning to:
A. officially and legally
B. in most practical ways
C. only in theory
D. according to some people

- What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Tesla is the only company developing autonomous driving technology.
B. The world is already full of Level 5 self-driving cars.
C. There are five levels of vehicle automation, but most cars today are still far from full autonomy.
D. Level 3 cars are the safest type of self-driving vehicles.

- Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold?

"It tends to muddy the water a little bit and lead to confusion."

A) It removes any uncertainty about the meaning of certain terms.
B) It helps clarify confusing ideas and makes them easier to understand.
C) It often makes the situation less clear and causes people to misunderstand.
D) It completely solves the problem of unclear communication.

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
   A. To describe various Halloween games and celebrations in modern times
   B. To explain the historical development of Halloween from its ancient origins to today
   C. To discuss the religious meaning of All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day
   D. To show how Halloween has become a global holiday

   
   

2. According to the lecture, what did people in ancient Celtic culture believe happened on the night before Samhain?
   A. The spirits of the dead returned to visit the living
   B. The harvest season officially ended
   C. The gods rewarded people for their good deeds
   D. The days became shorter and colder

   
   

3. Why does the professor mention “soul cakes”?
   A. To illustrate an early example of charity associated with Halloween customs
   B. To show how medieval bakers celebrated the harvest
   C. To explain the origin of the name “souling”
   D. To contrast modern and medieval food traditions

4. What can be inferred about trick-or-treating in its early American form?
A. It was primarily an event for small children.
B. It was considered a polite community activity.
C. It involved mischief and pranks more than collecting treats.
D. It was discouraged by religious leaders.

5. How does the speaker structure the information in this lecture?
   A. By comparing different theories about Halloween’s origin
   B. By moving chronologically from ancient to modern times
   C. By focusing on various geographic regions where Halloween is celebrated
   D. By listing unrelated facts about Halloween customs

   
   

6. In the lecture, the professor says, “You’ve probably heard of trick-or-treating on Halloween, but perhaps not of souling or guising.”
   Why does the speaker say this?
   A. To introduce lesser-known historical customs that preceded modern trick-or-treating
   B. To express skepticism about how much students actually know about Halloween
   C. To criticize people for focusing too much on modern Halloween celebrations
   D. To suggest that the names “souling” and “guising” are no longer used today

   
   

7. Match each historical period with the main development described in the lecture.

   
   

   1. Ancient Celtic era

   2. Eighth century

   3. Medieval Britain

   4. Nineteenth-century America

   5. Modern United States

A. The Church transforms Samhain into All Saints’ Day

B. Halloween becomes a major commercial holiday

C. Traditions like souling and guising appear

D. Trick-or-treating is revived by immigrants

E. People believe spirits of the dead return

TOEFL READING

1. Vocabulary in Context
On the night before Samhain, people believed that the dead were roaming.
What does roaming most likely mean?
A. Staying in one place
B. Moving around freely
C. Disappearing suddenly
D. Speaking loudly

2. Vocabulary in Context
The lecture mentions that people left food and wine outside to keep spirits at bay.
What does the phrase keep spirits at bay mean in this context?
A. To welcome them warmly
B. To prevent them from coming close
C. To invite them into the house
D. To scare them away with noise

3. Vocabulary in Context
In medieval souling, the needy would beg for small pastries.
What does beg mean here?
A. Demand something forcefully
B. Ask humbly for something
C. Make a recipe
D. Perform a ritual

4. Vocabulary in Context
During guising, young people would dress up in costumes and perform songs, poems, or jokes.
What does dress up mean in this context?
A. Wear ordinary clothes
B. Put on a costume
C. Take off their clothes
D. Buy clothing

5. Vocabulary in Context
Participants in souling or guising would recite prayers, poems, or jokes.
What does recite mean?
A. Read silently
B. Say from memory
C. Write carefully
D. Listen attentively

6. Vocabulary in Context
Immigrants revived old Halloween traditions in 19th-century America.
What does revive most likely mean?
A. Forget
B. Bring back
C. Destroy
D. Study

7. Vocabulary in Context
Early trick-or-treating included pranks and high jinks.
What does this phrase most nearly mean?
A. Serious and quiet activities
B. Noisy and mischievous acts of fun
C. Food and pastries
D. Costumes and masks

Vocabulary in Context

Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for the word or phrase in bold.

1. Many sea creatures must rely on smaller organisms for food.
   A. depend on
   B. hide from
   C. compete with
   D. move toward

2. Nutrients from dead organisms cycle back into the ecosystem, helping new life grow.
   A. return or are reused
   B. disappear
   C. change color
   D. stop moving

3. In a marine food chain, phytoplankton are at the lowest trophic level, while large fish are at the highest.
   A. feeding position
   B. temperature zone
   C. migration route
   D. ocean layer

4. Some sea animals give off light or heat as part of their natural processes.
   A. release or emit
   B. hide
   C. copy
   D. absorb

5. Tuna are at the top end of the ocean food chain because they eat many smaller fish.
   A. in the middle part of
   B. at the highest level of
   C. far away from
   D. the smallest part of

6. Fishermen harvest large numbers of sardines and anchovies in coastal areas.
   A. protect
   B. collect or catch
   C. study
   D. count

Question 1.

According to the speaker, why does he choose to sleep in a different room from his partner?

A. Because his partner asked for separate rooms
B. Because sleeping alone improves the quality of sleep
C. Because he works late and doesn’t want to disturb her
D. Because he needs a quieter and darker room than she does

Question 2.

How does the speaker organize the information in his talk?

A. He explains several general sleep theories and gives examples from his own research.
B. He lists a series of personal habits and gives reasons for each one.
C. He describes common sleep problems and offers possible medical solutions.
D. He compares his sleep routine with that of his partner to show different results.

Question 3.

When the speaker says, “I wouldn’t dream of getting into a bed made with hot, sweaty, manmade fibers,” what does he mainly express?

A. His curiosity about different kinds of bedding
B. His concern about the environmental effects of synthetic materials
C. His strong dislike for sleeping in synthetic bedding
D. His surprise that some people use synthetic bedding

Question 4.

What can be inferred about the speaker’s opinion on caffeine?

A. Everyone should avoid it in the evening
B. It only affects people who are sensitive to it
C. It prevents people from falling asleep quickly
D. It helps some people relax before bed

Question 5.

What is the main purpose of the talk?

A. To explain recent discoveries in sleep research
B. To persuade people to follow the speaker’s sleep routine exactly
C. To share personal sleep habits and the reasoning behind them
D. To compare traditional and modern sleep practices

Question 6

What can be concluded about the speaker’s attitude toward sleep?

A. He believes people should experiment to find what works best for them
B. He thinks everyone should sleep at least nine hours a night
C. He relies mainly on scientific studies rather than personal experience
D. He believes most sleep advice is inaccurate and unnecessary

• What helps you sleep easy before an important day?

• Are you someone who likes to let sleeping dogs lie or address issues directly?

• What should cities do to help people who have to sleep rough?

• When was the last time you didn’t have a wink of sleep? Why?

• Do you usually sleep like a baby, or are you a light sleeper?

• How often do you sleep in on weekends? Do you feel guilty or refreshed when you sleep in?

• Can you remember a time when you tried to sleep something off? Did it work?

• When someone asks you to sleep on a decision, do you think it really helps?

• Did you enjoy sleepovers when you were younger?

1.

What is the main focus of the professor’s discussion?
A. The biological treatments currently used for depression
B. The relationship between loneliness and mental health
C. The history of research on human evolution
D. The lifestyle differences between modern people and ancient tribes

2.

Why does the professor mention human ancestors on the African savannas?
A. To illustrate how environmental changes shaped modern diets
B. To explain why early humans were vulnerable to predators
C. To show that cooperation was essential to human survival
D. To argue that anxiety is primarily caused by physical danger

3.

According to the lecture, what change has occurred in Americans’ close-friend networks?
A. The average number of close friends has doubled over time.
B. Most people now report having at least three close friends.
C. The most common number of close friends has decreased to zero.
D. People are more willing to share personal information with acquaintances.

4.

What is the function of the professor’s statement “You were about to be eaten, right?”
A. To offer a humorous exaggeration
B. To summarize the main idea of the lecture
C. To question a commonly accepted belief
D. To introduce new scientific evidence

5.

What can be inferred about micro-awakenings?
A. They are usually dangerous and disrupt physical health.
B. They may have originally served as a survival mechanism.
C. They occur only in people who live in urban environments.
D. They are the main cause of chronic depression today.

6.

How does the professor organize his explanation of loneliness?
A. He contrasts different biological theories of anxiety.
B. He presents general research findings and then gives specific examples.
C. He lists various forms of sleep disorders and their treatments.
D. He begins with a personal anecdote and then shifts to statistical data.

7.

According to the lecture, why do the Hutterites experience almost no micro-awakenings?
A. They follow strict meditation routines before sleeping.
B. They live in a highly communal environment with strong social ties.
C. They consume foods known to improve sleep quality.
D. They avoid contact with modern technology and artificial light.

8.

In the sentence “that’s one of those ones that has rung in my head since I read it,” what does the word “it” refer to?
A. A study on the number of close friends Americans have
B. The idea that loneliness can increase micro-awakenings
C. The claim that loneliness has biological causes
D. The professor’s interview with the Hutterites

9.

What is the professor’s attitude toward the loneliness research?
A. He is skeptical because the evidence is still limited.
B. He believes it exaggerates the role of social factors.
C. He finds it convincing and considers loneliness a serious problem.
D. He thinks it only applies to people living in large cities.

10.

According to the lecture, which of the following belong to the “causes of depression and anxiety”?
Choose two.
□ Biological sensitivity
□ Excessive use of technology
□ Loneliness
□ Diet and nutrition
□ Seasonal patterns

1. B – The relationship between loneliness and mental health

2. C – Cooperation was essential to human survival

3. C – The most common number has decreased to zero

4. A – A humorous exaggeration

5. B – Micro-awakenings may have been a survival mechanism

6. B – General findings → specific examples

7. B – Strong communal environment/social ties

8. B – The idea that loneliness increases micro-awakenings

9. C – He finds the research convincing; sees loneliness as serious

10. Biological sensitivity and Loneliness

A. To illustrate how elections influence adolescent behavior
B. To introduce the debate over whether age defines adulthood
C. To explain why voting ages vary across countries
D. To show how siblings often disagree about driving laws

2. According to the man and woman, what is their main disagreement?

A. Whether driving skills improve with age
B. Whether age limits are fair for all privileges
C. Whether teens understand political candidates
D. Whether 16-year-olds should be allowed to drive

3. Why does the narrator mention countries that lowered the voting age to 16?

A. To provide examples showing that age standards vary
B. To argue that lowering the voting age leads to higher turnout
C. To support the brother’s claim that voting ages are arbitrary
D. To criticize nations with different cultural traditions

4. What does the professor say about gray matter reduction during adolescence?

A. It reduces a person’s ability to process information efficiently.
B. It helps the brain become more specialized and efficient.
C. It reflects the loss of necessary neural connections.
D. It happens because the brain becomes less active after childhood.

5. What inference can be made about the relationship between white matter and decision-making?

A. Too much white matter causes impulsive choices.
B. Increased white matter improves long-range communication in the brain.
C. White matter eliminates emotional responses when making decisions.
D. More white matter leads people to choose short-term rewards.

6. What does the passage suggest about teens’ cognitive abilities by age 16?

A. They generally outperform adults in reasoning tasks.
B. They can reason well but cannot solve complex problems.
C. They perform comparably to adults on many cognitive tests.
D. They struggle with critical thinking without adult supervision.

7. According to the lecture, why do 18–21-year-olds sometimes behave like younger teens?

A. Their decision-making becomes impaired in familiar environments.
B. Their brain structure has not yet reached adult gray matter levels.
C. They pay less attention to reward-related signals.
D. Emotional and social contexts influence their behavior more strongly.

8. What does the professor imply about juvenile justice systems?

A. They should eliminate age-based categories altogether.
B. They should be stricter with all teens and young adults.
C. They should consider expanding to include individuals in their early twenties.
D. They already reflect the newest scientific research on the brain.

9. How is the structure of the lecture organized?

A. It defines adulthood first, then contrasts it with childhood development.
B. It explains brain structure before moving to a discussion about politics.
C. It introduces a debate, then examines scientific evidence related to maturity.
D. It compares current legal limits with historical voting laws.

10. According to the lecture, what is the speaker’s final conclusion about adulthood?

A. Brain development is too inconsistent to draw any conclusions.
B. Science clearly proves adulthood begins in the early twenties.
C. Everyone becomes an adult at roughly the same age biologically.
D. Adulthood happens in stages and varies significantly among individuals.

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. C

7. D

8. C

9. C

10. D

1. a) That house is expensive.

   b) You should find a roomate.

   c) It's a family home.

   d) Not really.

2. a) That's too bad.

   b) There are a few options.

   c) I hope it works out.

   d) Sure, I can lend you some money.

3. a) I do.

   b) Rent is high here.

   c) I miss my family.

   d) I'm not sure.

4. a) My friend helps me.

   b) You're right.

   c) That's what I will do.

   d) This appartment is cheap.

5. a) Fair enough.

   b) That's unfortunate.

   c) You're very kind.

   d) Happy to help.

What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain how the idea of the nation-state developed and why it is a complex and imperfect concept
B. To compare modern governments with ancient empires
C. To argue that geography is the primary determinant of cultural identity
D. To describe how printing technology spread across Europe

2.

Why does one historian refer to a nation-state as an “imaginary community”?
A. Because most nation-states were artificially created by colonial powers
B. Because people feel a sense of unity with citizens they will never meet
C. Because nation-states rely on myths rather than historical facts
D. Because the boundaries of nation-states change frequently

3.

Why does the professor mention Japan and New Zealand?
A. To show that island nations often experience pressure from neighboring states
B. To demonstrate that colonial histories leave lasting cultural divisions
C. To provide examples in which geography contributes to national homogeneity
D. To illustrate how linguistic diversity can create political conflict

4.

What can be inferred about the professor’s view on dividing Iraq into three separate nations?
A. She believes it would reflect natural ethnic and religious divisions
B. She thinks it would likely reduce long-term geopolitical tensions
C. She expects it to be widely supported by international organizations
D. She doubts it would solve existing problems and warns it may create new ones

5.

How does the professor structure her discussion of the factors that influence nation-state identity?
A. By describing how each factor historically replaced the previous one
B. By examining several factors individually and highlighting why each is unreliable
C. By first giving examples of successful nations and then evaluating unsuccessful ones
D. By contrasting Western and non-Western approaches to nation-building

6.

According to the professor, why is language not a reliable basis for defining a nation-state?
A. Because many borders cut directly across linguistic groups, dividing speakers of the same language
B. Because most modern nations legally prohibit minority languages
C. Because linguistic differences usually lead to the collapse of political unity
D. Because nations with multiple languages are unable to form cohesive identities

I'm very happy to return to Brazil and I wish want to thanks thank you for every think everything that you do did for me. The days in the US were very cool and you were a great friend. I hope that you can come to Brazil soon. I'm waiting for you.

Goods things and luck ” Best wishes

Respond to the first sentence reordering the words to make phrases.

1. A: We couldn't understand anybody in Mexico City.

B:

should / you / going / some / have / Spanish / before / learned

2. A: Tom told me the date of his party, but I can't remember it.

B:

written / you / it / should / down / have.

3. A: Amanda was rude to everyone at my party

B:____________________________________. You know what she's like.

invited / you / shouldn't / her / have

4 A: You look really tired

B: I know. __________________________________.

last / to / should / bed / have / earlier / I / night / gone.

5. A : l think i got a sunburn on my face.

B I'm not surprised. ______________________________________.

have / you / shoudn't / sunscreen / sun / in / sit / the / afternoon / all / any / without

You shouldn't have sit in the sun all afternoon without any sunscreen.

1. What is the main topic of the lecture?

A. The role of debate competitions in shaping political leaders
B. Why modern technology has increased political polarization
C. How constructive conversations can bridge deep disagreements
D. The psychological causes of belief perseverance

2. According to the speaker, what usually happens when people encounter information that challenges their worldview?

A. They become more open-minded
B. They try to understand opposing viewpoints
C. They change their political opinions
D. They reinforce their original beliefs

3. Why does the speaker mention winning the World Schools Debate Championship?

A. To establish credibility and expertise in argumentation
B. To show that debate competitions are outdated
C. To explain why debate skills are ineffective in real life
D. To compare debate to political discussions

4. What does the speaker mean by saying discussions should be viewed as a “climbing wall, not a cage fight”?

A. Conversations should have clear winners and losers
B. Progress in conversation happens gradually
C. Discussions require physical and mental effort
D. Arguments should be avoided altogether

5. Why does the speaker say “clash” is problematic in real-life conversations?

A. It violates formal debate rules
B. It makes conversations less interesting
C. It causes people to disengage from both discussion and relationships
D. It prevents people from expressing strong opinions

6. What is the main goal of a “curiosity conversation”?

A. To persuade the other person to change their opinion
B. To understand the other person’s perspective
C. To identify logical flaws in an argument
D. To avoid disagreement entirely

7. What does the speaker suggest saying when you strongly disagree with someone?

A. “I respect your opinion, but you are wrong.”
B. “Can you explain why you feel that way?”
C. “I never thought about it exactly that way before.”
D. “Let’s agree to disagree.”

8. What result does the speaker say curiosity conversations often produce?

A. They end disagreements quickly
B. They reduce emotional reactions
C. They make others curious about your perspective
D. They prevent future conflict

- Directions

You will read a discussion question and posts from a professor and two students.
Write a response that contributes to the discussion. You should express and support your opinion and respond to the ideas presented.
Write about 100 words.

• Professor’s Post

Professor Johnson:
In many academic courses, students are required to participate in discussions and debates. However, some discussions are more productive than others. In your opinion, what makes an academic discussion effective? Consider both preparation and interaction among participants.

Liam:
I think preparation is the most important factor. If students come to class without reading the material, the discussion usually becomes shallow. In some classes I’ve taken, students could have contributed more if they had prepared better in advance.

Nora:
I believe the way students respond to each other matters more than preparation. Even when students are prepared, discussions can fail if people interrupt or ignore other opinions. In one of my classes, the discussion might have been more successful if students had listened more carefully.

- Your Task

Join the discussion by adding your own opinion.
You may agree with Liam or Nora, or present a different view.
Support your ideas with reasons and examples, and respond to at least one student’s comment.

You will hear six short conversations.
After each conversation, answer two questions.
Choose the best answer for each question.

Conversation 1

1. What is the main purpose of the man’s response?

A. To explain how the phone was lost
B. To deny responsibility for taking the phone
C. To accuse someone else of lying
D. To ask the woman to reconsider her claim

2. What can be inferred about the woman?

A. She already knows who stole the phone
B. She is joking with the man
C. She suspects the man is responsible
D. She witnessed the theft

Conversation 2

3. Why does the man suggest making the marketing campaign entirely digital?

A. To reduce costs
B. To reach a younger audience
C. To present a possible strategy
D. To replace an unsuccessful campaign

4. What does Sarah’s response suggest about her opinion?

A. She strongly disagrees with the idea
B. She needs more information before deciding
C. She believes the idea will fail
D. She thinks the idea is too expensive

Conversation 3

5. What is the woman mainly trying to do?

A. Warn the man about a serious danger
B. Explain why swimming is prohibited
C. Point out a mistake on a sign
D. Convince the man to leave later

6. Why does the woman mention the sign?

A. To prove she is familiar with the area
B. To show that swimming is officially forbidden
C. To support her warning
D. To explain how often accidents occur

Conversation 4

7. What is the conversation mainly about?

A. A disagreement about using technology
B. A problem caused by poor communication
C. A mistake while driving
D. A decision about which route to take

8. What does the man imply when he says, “It’s always me who has the responsibility”?

A. He enjoys being in charge
B. He feels unfairly blamed
C. He prefers to make decisions alone
D. He admits the mistake was his fault

Conversation 5

9. What problem is the man experiencing?

A. He has offended someone
B. He is unsure how to handle a personal situation
C. He does not understand why he is upset
D. He wants to end a relationship

10. What does the woman suggest the man do?

A. Express his feelings directly
B. Wait until the situation improves
C. Ignore the problem
D. Ask someone else for advice

Conversation 6

11. What is the woman proposing?

A. Visiting her parents for lunch
B. Planning a trip for next weekend
C. Inviting the man’s family over
D. Changing their Sunday routine

12. What can be inferred about the man’s attitude?

A. He dislikes social events in general
B. He feels uncomfortable with repeated family gatherings
C. He has a conflict with the woman’s parents
D. He is unavailable next Sunday

Instructions: Reorder the word chunks to form a grammatically correct sentence that responds to the prompt. Note: Some questions contain one extra chunk that should not be used.

1. "Do you prefer living in a studio or sharing a flat?"

than / share / living / live / I'd rather / with friends / an apartment / on my own

2. "We have tickets for both. Which do you prefer?"

go / rather / or / would / you / to a concert / a sporting event ?

3. "Is it okay if I take some pictures of the food?"

take / didn't / photos / I'd rather / during dinner / you / don't

4. "Should we call your parents and see if they have a spare room?"

stayed / in a hotel / we / and not / stay / I'd rather / with your parents

5. "Can I come over this Friday to help you move?"

on Saturday / I'd rather / came / you / busy / I'm / on Friday

aiport//airplane

hotel

directions

taking uber/taxi ; transportation

Askig for help; requests

Showing interest

ordering food - food vocabulary

problems

Agree: I see.

You have a point. / I see your point, but ...

2- Everyone should have a choice.

3- Smoking makes a lot of work for doctors.

4- Everyone does dangerous things every day.

5- The government can't control everything.

6- Smoking has no purpose.

1. Food Desert (n) ____

2. Vacant Lot (n) ____

3. Sustainable (adj) ____

4. Defiant (adj) ____

5. Produce (n) ____

6. "Flip the script" (idiom) ____

7. "The whole nine" (idiom) ____

   
   

A. Everything; including all possible related elements.

B. To do something unexpected; to change a situation to the opposite.

C. An empty area of land in a city that is not being used.

D. Able to be maintained or continued over a long period.

E. An area where it is difficult to buy affordable, fresh, healthy food.

F. Fresh fruits and vegetables.

G. Showing open resistance or bold disobedience.

2. The Big Picture

Listen to the clip and answer the following questions.

1. What was the city’s "solution" to the problems in South Central, and did the speaker think it worked?

2. What does the speaker mean by the phrase: "The drive-thrus are killing more people than the drive-bys"?

3. Why did the city initially send the speaker a warrant?

3. Detail Check

Fill in the blanks with the exact words or numbers used in the talk.

• The obesity rate in the speaker’s neighborhood is (1) _________ times higher than in Beverly Hills.

• The speaker’s "parkway" garden is (2) _________ feet by 10 feet.

• L.A. owns (3) _________ square miles of vacant lots—the equivalent of (4) _________ Central Parks.

• According to the speaker, growing your own food is like (5) "___________________________."

  
  

4.Listen to the second half of the talk. For each statement, write T (True), F (False), or NG (Not Given) based on what the speaker says.

1. ____ Ron feels that gardening is a "defiant" act specifically when done in the inner city.

2. ____ The mother and daughter in the garden at 10:30 PM were trying to sell the vegetables.

3. ____ Ron was angry and shouted at the people he found in his yard at night.

4. ____ The speaker believes that if children are involved in growing healthy food, they are more likely to eat it.

5. ____ Ron claims that "L.A. Green Grounds" has successfully planted over 50 gardens so far.

6. ____ The speaker wants to create a system where all food in the community is given away for free forever.

7. ____ He plans to repurpose shipping containers to create healthy cafes in the neighborhood.

8. ____ Ron suggests that to be a "real gangsta," you should use a shovel as your "weapon."

9. ____ The city council has already provided all the funding for Ron's "shipping container" project.

10. ____ The speaker believes that changing the "soil" (the environment/people) is necessary to change the community's future.

• Do you agree that "growing your own food is like printing your own money"? Why or why not?

• Ron says "free is not sustainable." Do you think it’s better to give people food for free or give them a job growing it?

• If you had a vacant lot in your neighborhood, what would you plant there to change the community?