Both English and French enjoy official status, and mainly French-speaking Quebec - where pressure for full sovereignty (Wanting to be your own country!) has abated in recent years - has wide-ranging cultural autonomy(Freedom!). Indigenous(People who lived there before the colonizers(people who took over land that, to the developed world, was previously uncolonized)) peoples make up around 4% of the population. Canada is one of world's top trading nations - and one of its richest. Alongside a dominant service sector, Canada also has vast oil reserves and is a major exporter of energy, food and minerals.

Now, Let's see what the official languages of Canada are, and where they come from!

Political parties have long used economic themes as a means of uniting Canadians. Economic questions have often bitterly divided Canadians. For example, railway construction could be presented as necessary to open up the nation and to further trade, but questions as to how many lines should be built, whether they should be privately or publicly owned, and what the federal government's railway policy should be have divided Canadians. 

A large and diverse territory also fostered the growth of regional economies whose interests have been exceedingly difficult to harmonize. The exploitation of natural resources was promoted as certain to enrich the entire country, but when it has come time to divide up the profits, national unity has always been sorely taxed. It is scarcely surprising that Canadian economic and political unity has obsessed federal politicians. Federal parties, to gain power, have had to build coalitions of classes and regional interest groups whose goals are often contradictory. Moreover, provincial governments have seen themselves as more attuned to local and regional interests and have thus often been obliged to defend those interests against federal intrusion.

Religion was once the primary factor affecting the citizen's vote. As education came to be seen as a necessity, politicians at all levels had to elaborate policies to reform traditional institutions, revamp curriculum, train teachers, and increase funding and access to educational institutions. Industrialization made it necessary to protect workers and improve working conditions, and governments had to intervene increasingly in disputes between workers and employers.

The spectre of unemployment made it necessary to define policies that would not only alleviate misery but would support workers' buying power for economic reasons. Urbanization changed the needs of Canada's population. Citizens' health became an important question, and governments began to assume an active role in improving medical and hospital care and facilitating access to it. Some debates have centered on housing, urban and regional planning, municipal and regional organization, child care, women in the labour force, consumer protection and crime. Lobbies and interest groups have developed to promote specific policies. 

Population characteristics have also greatly influenced Canadian politics. 30% of Canada's population speaks French, largely concentrated within Québec, has had special implications for the debate on Canadian unity. On the one hand, many French Canadians have perceived the interests of their society as being clearly different from the interests of Canada as a whole. For them, Canadian unity has meant assimilation and the destruction of the foundations of French Canadian culture.

Outside of war and, perhaps, opposition to separatism in Québec, having a single nation composed of many ethnicities has always united English-speaking Canadians. Regional, provincial, social and ethnic differences have proven to be stronger, in most cases, than a common language that for many has not even been the mother tongue of many.

It is impossible to study Canadian political history without recognizing Canada's economic and social links with Britain and later with the US. As long as most Canadians were of British origin, ties with the mother country, notably in wartime, remained close. But as Canadians whose bonds with Britain were distant or nonexistent became a majority, Canada came increasingly to define itself by reference to its North American setting. Economic links with the US became much more important in the 20th century. 

Canada's cultural independence has been at issue as well. In the 1920s Canadians were already reading American magazines, listening to American radio and watching American movies. Later their leisure hours included more and more American television. Canadian university students were often taught by American professors, but after the early 1980s indigenous Canadian studies of history and the social sciences solidified their position and provided a variety of new approaches.

Bullwinkle: Hmmmm... feels like something is missing... Rocky do you know what they are? 

Rocky: I think don't know how the actual boundaries changed!!!

Bullwinkle: THANKS ROCKY!!! Okay kids, now we will see HOW these boundaries changed!

Bullwinkle & Rocky: Let's get started!!!

Canada’s Parliament is composed of the Queen of Canada (who is officially represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House of Commons. The Senate has 105 seats and its members are appointed by the Governor General on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The House of Commons consists of 338 members who are elected by Canadian citizens in general elections and by-elections.

According to Canada’s Constitution, elections are held at least once every five years. However, an election may be called earlier if the Governor General accepts the resignation of the Prime Minister after the Government has been defeated on a motion of confidence in the House and the Governor General does not ask the leader of another party to become Prime Minister and form a government. 

Representation in the House of Commons is based on geographical divisions known as “electoral districts,” commonly referred to as “ridings.” The number of electoral districts is established by a formula set out in the Constitution Act, 1867, and one member of Parliament (MP) is elected in each electoral district. Canada currently has 338 ridings.

Canada’s electoral system is referred to as a “single-member plurality” or “first-past-the-post” system. In every electoral district, the candidate with the highest number of votes wins a seat in the House of Commons and represents that electoral district as an MP. An absolute majority (more than 50 percent of the votes in the electoral district) is not required for a candidate to be elected.

Voting in Canada is by secret ballot. The security of the ballot is paramount, and the system makes it impossible to discover who any voter has voted for.

Parliament and Government are not the same.

Bullwinkle: NOW it all makes sense, but I still have a few questions.

Rocky: What?

Bullwinkle: What sort of agriculture do they have? 

Rocky: Let's find out!

Commute times are longer and transportation costs increase in a large urban area. If a city has not properly laid out a transportation plan ahead of actual growth, the costs of upgrading transportation can be astronomical. Allowing an urban area to simply grow from the initial settlement without due regard to larger environmental considerations (like river and flood patterns) will eventually lead to massive costs being inflicted on the community and its citizens as seen in the Alberta floods of 2013. Size is a problem for urban areas in its impact on the quality of life (how well someone is living, as in how much income they have for other things other than basic needs, do they have basic needs, sanitation, etc.) and disposable incomes of its citizens. A high rate of growth heightens every social and economic problem and urban growth of any kind comes at a heavy environmental price. Canada is currently committed to growth-forever of its urban areas with no regard for the welfare of its citizens, the health of the environment nor the ever-increasing energy supplies and finances needed to maintain the growing and complex infrastructure." This shows the major problems and challenges to urban sustainability in modern-day Canada. 

Bullwinkle: Woow! I didn't know that there were so many urban sustainiblity issues in Canada!

Rocky: Yeah! But Canada is working to fix them! But, this all comes under the umbrella of development, and with it inevitably comes industry!

Bullwinkle: So what are we waiting for! Let's get started!

Rocky: Before that, do you see Boris and Natasha anywhere?

Bullwinkle: I think they have reached the destroy-the-world-inator! Oh no! We gotta stop them! But, before that, we have to teach about the final unit! We'll teach the final unit while running to save the world!

Rocky: Let's do this!

As the second largest country in the world (from a geographical standpoint) Canada is becoming increasingly aware of the effects of climate change within the country. 

Bullwinkle: These aren't that muuuuuuc.... (Bullwinkle gets pulled away into the darkness.)

Rcoky: Bullwink.....(Rocky also gets pulled into the darkness)