https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp Шаймерден Амина 23 группа ТФП en-us 2023-03-24 16:14:25 UTC 2023-03-24 16:34:43 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f98b.png ssaannssee6 https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530660384
1.Telemedicine (TM) is the use of telecommunication systems to deliver health care at a distance. It has the potential to improve patient health outcomes, access to health care and reduce healthcare costs. As TM applications continue to evolve it is important to understand the impact TM might have on patients, healthcare professionals and the organisation of care.
To assess the effectiveness, acceptability and costs of interactive TM as an alternative to, or in addition to, usual care (i.e. face‐to‐face care, or telephone consultation).
Telemedicine (TM) has the potential to be an effective tool for delivering more frequent and timely health care to people with chronic conditions at a distance, and for improving access to health care. While one aspect of successful implementation is the acceptability of TM by patients and practitioners, few studies included in the review directly assessed this.

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2.Although the technology has developed dramatically, and a large number of clinical studies are being published, there is still uncertainty about the effectiveness of TM in specific clinical situations (e.g. Paré 2010; Polisena 2009), and how it should be brought into mainstream health service provision (OECD 2010; Stroetman 2010).The many definitions of telemedicine highlight how it is an open and constantly evolving science, as it incorporates new advancements in technology and responds and adapts to the changing health needs and contexts of societies.
Generating the evidence we need to make decisions in this and other rapidly evolving fields, and being able to synthesise it in a timely manner, requires a different approach. More efficient production of trials, including those in low‐ and middle‐income settings, is starting to be discussed,and more efficient evidence synthesis articulated through technology and innovation is also gaining momentum.]]> 2023-03-24 16:21:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530661010 ssaannssee6 https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530661488

3.
Increased access to telecommunications has been accompanied by a range of applications to deliver health care at a distance (Bashshur 2005); this is often described as telemedicine (TM). Examples include the provision of specialist consultations via video‐conferencing, remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions and the provision of clinical information for self‐management. Telemedicine applications may also be linked to electronic patient records.Technologies, such as mobile phones, can be used to monitor the health of patients with long‐term conditions by transferring clinical data. This allows the clinician, the patient, or both, to respond and adjust treatment regimens in a more immediate way than would be possible with, for example, routine clinic visits. Some TM systems may be designed with automated voice response software to give instructions to patients, others may alert health professionals and/or a patient to clinical values outside an acceptable range and, in other systems, a health professional may respond immediately.Electronic images and clinical data are transmitted to a clinician remote from the participant, and stored for them to access at any time; the clinician may then return their report electronically, or have a face‐to‐face or telephone consultation with the patient and/or another clinician. The wide availability of e‐mail and digital imaging systems for radiology and pathology has increased the use of these applications (Anker 2011).]]> 2023-03-24 16:21:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530661488 ssaannssee6 https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530665734

4.In these applications, clinicians and patients are able to exchange information and communicate in real‐time. Clinical data might be provided from patient self‐monitoring devices, digital camera or X‐ray images. The consulting clinician might be in a tertiary centre or in a dedicated TM centre; the patient may be at home or in a healthcare facility.

We limited our review to studies that evaluate the use of TM in direct patient care in which the recipient is remote from the clinician and communication is interactive and occurs within an episode of care. For example, a patient transferring ECG data, using a 12‐lead ECG recorder, and a healthcare professional responding by calling the patient to discuss interpretation of the data. Reviews of a broader range of TM interventions have been published in particular clinical areas, for example in patients with diabetes or asthma (McLean 2010; McLean 2011). In the present review, we have used the term interactive telemedicine, to include technologies in which health professionals do not necessarily respond in real‐time, but do respond to the transmission of information from a patient.]]> 2023-03-24 16:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530665734 ssaannssee6 https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530665939

5. Video conferencing encourages and supports learning, collaboration and communication and brings company leaders into the room with their teams and employees regardless of location. The best video conferencing services allow employees to share screens, communicate via text messages, share files and even stream conferences to large  groups of passive viewers. Using this type of communication significantly reduces travel expenses, improves collaboration and ensures business data security. Telemedicine delivers clinical information, and permits consultation and discussion between healthcare professionals and patients regardless of where the patient is located. The aim of using TM varies with different TM applications, for example it may increase access to health care by allowing access to specialist health care that would not otherwise be possible. Patients can be monitored more often with TM and appropriate interventions delivered more quickly and effectively. Telemedicine may also support patients and their carers to be more involved in their own care. All these mechanisms might improve patient health outcomes.Telemedicine used in direct patient care, in which the patient is at a different location to the healthcare professional and transmits clinical information via a telecommunication technology and the healthcare professional responds. The comparison interventions include a face‐to‐face consultation, or telephone consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.]]> 2023-03-24 16:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530665939 ssaannssee6 https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530666305
6.Video Conferencing Types

Depending on the purposes and objectives of videoconferencing, there are the following types:

1.Telepresence Video Conferencing

Video Conferencing Types - Telepresence Video Conferencing
A teleconference is a video meeting for a large number of users united by a common topic or issue. Messages in teleconference mode can be exchanged in real time, through various audio and/or video communication systems, as well as through email clients. 

2.Desktop Video Conferencing Technology

Many organizations widely use desktop conferencing because this technology eliminates the need to use bulky professional equipment or rent conference rooms. Video conferences can be run from desktops or laptops with built-in cameras, speakers and microphones.

Video Conferencing Types - Room-Based Video Conferencing Technology
3.Room-Based Video Conferencing Technology

Room-based technology is typically a hardware solution that is installed and configured in conference rooms. For successful work in small and medium-sized conference rooms, this technology is equipped with sensitive microphones and wide-angle PTZ cameras.

4.Multiway Technology

This technology is particularly useful for businesses that want to consolidate their offices in different locations. Multiway technology allows multiple video conferencing systems to be used simultaneously.  A user who calls from a multiway endpoint can use the MCU network resource for the call.

5.CodecVideo Conferencing Types - Integrated Video Conferencing

Codec is a technology for compressing video to a size suitable for streaming while discarding unnecessary data. Video is shrunk for storage and transmission and then unpacked for viewing. This technology allows you to turn a browser into a video conferencing terminal. 

6.Integrated Video Conferencing

Integrated video conferencing systems are the most functionally advanced as they support the maximum number of additional functions, including multipoint video conferencing, operation in heterogeneous (IP-ISDN) environments, image transmission from multiple sources and many others. Difficult to configure, they require preliminary design.

7.Data sharing

This video conferencing technology provides high collaboration capabilities, such as document sharing, live session recordings, video downloads, etc.   The ability to easily exchange data and discuss plans and strategies in such a quick way improves the way a company does business.]]> 2023-03-24 16:26:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ssaannssee6/rnk9bmuemuyoexmp/wish/2530666305