The Beauty of Cognitive Psychology by

Cognitive Psychology

artinkanani — 2024-01-23 02:11:31 UTC

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of the mind. It is similar to folk psychology or the psychology of commonsense. However, it is based on scientific facts. This type of psychology focuses on mental processes and mental representations, such as perception, attention, and memory.

History of Cognitive Psychology

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:30:25 UTC

Before the existence of science, people studied philosophy and were thinking about the purpose of life and other important philosophical matters. The very first school of thought in psychology was structuralism. Behaviourism which is what led to cognitive psychology, was a reaction to structuralism.

Age of Enlightenment

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:36:57 UTC

Age of enlightenment is a age of rapid intellectual development in Europe that caused the scientific method to born.

Royal Society

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:40:12 UTC

The royal society was funded by the kings and it was made for group of natural philosophers to do their experiments to understand the natural world (material world).

Rene Descartes

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:45:10 UTC

Rene Descartes doubted everything as a way to seek the truth. He doubted that he has a body, he doubted what he was seeing and feeling. However Descartes could not doubt that he is able of thinking, because philosophically, it is impossible to doubt something that you are already doing while doubting it. Which led him to create "Cartesian Dualism".

Wilhelm Wundt

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:51:08 UTC

Wilhelm Wundt is the person who opened the first lab of psychology. Wundt advocated for the structuralism approach. He used introspection to uncover basic elements of the mind.

William James

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:52:54 UTC

William James was a philosopher who advocated to functionalism. He had the goal to understand the function of the mind and how does it works.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 17:55:49 UTC

Hermann Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to study pure memory. What Ebbinghaus found was that information that was kept inside the mind for few days would probably last for a longer time, which brought us to the concept of long-term memory.

Classical Conditioning

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 18:04:32 UTC

Ivan Pavlov is the founder of classical conditioning. Pavlov was very interested in digestion and salivation and he wanted to try conditioning dogs and measuring their reactions.

Why Pavlov couldn't drive?

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 18:39:54 UTC

Because the road was in a poor condition

Question 1

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 18:42:04 UTC

Why the chameleon went to the psychologist?

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 18:44:31 UTC

He had shape-shifting disorder

Why batman didn't trust Freud?

artinkanani — 2024-04-03 18:45:29 UTC

Because he had no father to kill

Consiousness

artinkanani — 2024-04-09 00:55:49 UTC

Consciousness is our subjective experience of the world, bodies and mental processes.

Cognitive Neuroscience

artinkanani — 2024-04-09 00:59:21 UTC

Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary of how the brain activity is linked to cognition. Some examples of cognitive processes are perception, language, thinking and memory.

Neuro-imaging

artinkanani — 2024-04-09 01:01:48 UTC

Neuro-imaging helps us to visualize the structures of the brain. It can be about either the function of the brain or the structure.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

artinkanani — 2024-04-09 01:07:01 UTC

MRI is a machine that humans go inside and the device produces an strong electro-magnetic field. MRI makes the atoms to align with each other for measuring how long does it take for the atoms of each area to align with one another and then with a radio wave, brings atoms out of the alignment. The purpose of MRI is to create an image of specific parts of the body.

fMRI

artinkanani — 2024-04-09 01:10:39 UTC

fMRI uses the same magnets of MRI machine, however it has a different purpose than a MRI test. It detects oxygen that is being carried by the hemoglobin.

Paul Broca

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 00:53:42 UTC

Paul Broca was a clinical physician who built the path of understanding the function of each part of the brain (localization).

Broca's Aphasia

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 00:53:53 UTC

A deficit in speaking which is characterized as loss of grammatical structure with the loss of preposition usage. This deficit was found by Paul Broca. Broca found that all his patients had problem in specific part in the frontal lobe of their brain which is now called Broca's Area.

Wernicke's Aphasia

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:04:04 UTC

A neurologist named as Carl Wernicke, found some patients with speech deficits. His patients spoke with no grammatical issue however their speech was incoherent and they had deficits in their temporal lobe.

Module

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:07:17 UTC

A module is an area in the brain specialized for a specific function.

Prosopagnosia (Face Blindness)

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:08:41 UTC

Damage to the fusiform face area results in prosopagnosia.

Parahippocampal Place Area

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:12:56 UTC

Extrastriate Body Area

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:14:02 UTC

Perception

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:15:52 UTC

Top-Down Processing

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:16:04 UTC

Top-down processing starts with knowledge, experience and expectation.

Bottom-Up Processing

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:16:12 UTC

Bottom-up processing start with incoming sensory information

Attention

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:17:49 UTC

Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:18:04 UTC

Knowledge

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:18:59 UTC

Imagery

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:19:23 UTC

Problem-Solving

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:19:41 UTC

Expectation

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:20:09 UTC

Feature Detectors

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:23:57 UTC

Gestalt Principles

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:24:45 UTC

Gestalt principles are the rules that describe how humans organize visual information into coherent patterns as a whole.

Double Dissociation

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:25:41 UTC

Visual Agnosia

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:26:18 UTC

Optic Ataxia

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:26:47 UTC

Optic ataxia is a neurological disorder characterized by deficits in visual guided reaching and grasping movements due to the damage to the parietal lobe of the brain

Selective Attention

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:27:34 UTC

selective attention is when individuals tend to focus on one stimuli and ignore others, allowing for prioritization, which is crucial for surviving.

Inattention Blindness

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:27:46 UTC

Overt & Covert Attention

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:28:17 UTC

Change Blindness

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:28:58 UTC

The phenomenon of individuals failing to detect significant changes due to limitations in attention.

Multitasking

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:33:22 UTC

Treisman's Attenuation Theory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:34:53 UTC

Unilateral Neglect

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:37:34 UTC

ADHD

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:37:49 UTC

Problems

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:43:59 UTC

Problems in cognition are defined as obstacles that we have to go around them.

Fixedness

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:46:17 UTC

Craftsman Experience

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:47:12 UTC

Inductive Reasoning

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:47:42 UTC

Inductive reasoning is drawing a general conclusion from specific observations.

Deductive Reasoning

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:47:50 UTC

Deductive reasoning is drawing a conclusion from general premises.

Syllogism

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:48:16 UTC

Syllogisms are a form of reasoning composed of two premises and one conclusion.

Confirmation & Falsification

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:49:50 UTC

Concept

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:50:24 UTC

A mental representation. It is all the knowledge that one has about a category. It allows us to make inferences

Categorization

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:50:44 UTC

Categorization is using concepts to place objects into categories.

Instant Knowledge

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:54:23 UTC

Priming

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:55:06 UTC

Semantic Network Model

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:56:33 UTC

Parallel Distributed Procesing

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:57:20 UTC

Dual Code Theory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 01:58:26 UTC

Dual-code theory says that memory and cognition have separate but interconnected systems to function, both for verbal/linguistic information and for verbal/visual information.

Feedback Signals

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:00:41 UTC

Feedback Signals are information cues that inform us about the effectiveness of our cognitive processes

Habituation

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:01:22 UTC

Habituation is a psychological process that is made by repeated exposure to a stimulus that leads to a decreased response and sensitivity over time. It is the opposite of conditioning

Predictive Coding

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:01:40 UTC

Predictive coding is a theoretical framework proposing that brain makes predictions based on sensory input. It is similar to top-down processing.

Modal Model of Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:02:55 UTC

Interference

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:04:26 UTC

Short-Term Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:04:42 UTC

Sensory Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:04:52 UTC

Long-Term Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:05:03 UTC

Working Memory

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:05:37 UTC

Central Executive

artinkanani — 2024-04-10 02:05:57 UTC