rules

• used when describing desire / emotion

• used when there is uncertainty the existence of a something

• triggered by certain clauses

how to subjunctive

• put verb in yo form

• if ar --> use er endings

• if er / ir --> use ar endings

informal

• very simple

• ir (conjugated) a infinitive

formal

• infinitive + ending

• endings for all verbs are

  • é

  • ás

  • á

  • emos

  • án

used when describing something that you have been doing. used in a slightly more nuanced and specific way

rules

• haber conjugated + verb with ending (ido/ado)

  • haber

    • yo he

    • tu has

    • usted ha

    • nosotros hemos

    • ellos han

  • verb ending

    • ar verb --> ado

    • er/ir --> ido

ex. I went to the dance and saw 10 people

in this example, going to the dance is preterite and seeing people is more of a digression so it is imperfect

conjugations

• ar

  • yo é

  • tu aste

  • ella ó

  • nosotros amos

  • ellos aron

• er/ir

  • yo í

  • tu íste

  • ella ió

  • nosotros imos

  • ellos ieron

more repeated or regular actions without specific end dates

conjugations

• ar

  • yo aba

  • tu abas

  • ella aba

  • nosotros ábamos

  • ellos aban

• er/ir

  • yo ía

  • tu ías

  • ella ía

  • nosotros íamos

  • ellos ían

conjugation

• start with ellos preterite

• drop the ron

• add ran (formal) or se (infomral)

  
  

if x happens instead of y, then z would happen

conjugation

• add endings to infinitive

• same for er/ir/ar

• ía

• ías

• ían

• íamos

• ían

often used in subordinate clauses, especially when discussing hypothetical situations, conditions, or events that occurred prior to another past event

conjugation

• ellos preterite

• drop the ron

• add ran (formal) or se (informal)

• conjugated verb + verb in ado/ido form

• ex. hubiera hablado (had spoken)

irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive Pluperfect:

• Haber → hubiera / hubiese

• Ser → fuera / fueses

• Ir → fuera / fueses

• Decir → dijera / dijese

• Poder → pudiera / pudiese

Formation:

• The conditional perfect is formed by combining the conditional of haber (would have) with the past participle of the main verb.

Structure:

• [conditional form of "haber"] + [past participle]

2. Haber in the Conditional Tense:

• Haber (to have) → habría (I/she/he/it would have, etc.)

Example:

• Hablar (to talk) → habría hablado (I would have spoken)

• Comer (to eat) → habría comido (I would have eaten)

• Vivir (to live) → habría vivido (I would have lived)

3. Usage:

• Used to describe hypothetical situations that didn’t occur, especially in conditional sentences:

  • Si + past perfect subjunctive, habría + past participle
    Example:

  • Si hubieras llegado temprano, habrías hablado con él. (If you had arrived early, you would have spoken with him.)