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나지 않았다..또 떨렸지만 잘 한 거 같아서

다행인 것 같다🥲🥹

Perfect👍

Subtitle: Why many students and young workers find it hard to live alone

By 김지율

Date: October 16, 2025

⸻

Rising Housing Costs and Youth

Many young people has difficulty finding affordable homes in big cities. Since 2020, housing prices have rose in many cities, increasing deposits and rent. Young adults often depend on parental help and cannot save. Part-time work rarely covers high costs. The government’s short-term measures ameliorates the pressure, but long-term regional development is necessary to spread jobs and housing. If smaller cities improve, crowds to big cities may slow and youth will have more options today.

⸻

Title: Hydrogen Energy: Opening the Door to a Green Future

By: Kim Dohyun

Date: October 16, 2025

Hydrogen energy is a clean fuel that only makes water when it burns. It can help reduce air pollution and support a green future. Many countries are building hydrogen cars and stations. However, hydrogen are still expensive to produce, and governments gives limited support for projects. Some people think it will replace fossil fuels soon, but the cost remain high. I believe hydrogen is the key to a cleaner and safer world for everyone.

​The Future is Now: Understanding Artificial Intelligence

​By Kim In-woo

Date: October 16, 2025

​The world is quickly transforming, driven by the explosive growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI). What once seemed like science fiction is now part of our daily lives, from personalized search results to smart assistants. The rapid pace of AI development have surprised many experts, forcing industries to quickly adapt. This article explores the biggest trends in AI and the important questions we face as this technology matures.

​Section 1: The Power of Generative and Multimodal AI

​One of the most exciting recent trends is Generative AI (GenAI). GenAI algorithms, like those behind popular text and image generators, can create entirely new content—not just analyze existing data. This "creative" AI is revolutionizing fields like art, marketing, and software coding by dramatically improving productivity.

​Beyond creating content, the next major step is Multimodal AI. This means AI systems can process and understand multiple types of data at once, similar to how humans learn. Instead of handling only text or only images, a multimodal AI can interpret a written prompt, generate an image, and even explain the result verbally. Excited by the new developments, the AI's ability to create realistic images is transforming media.

​Section 2: Jobs, Ethics, and the Need for New Skills

​The rise of AI brings significant changes to the job market. While many repetitive tasks are becoming automated, AI is also creating millions of new jobs. Roles such as AI Ethicists, prompt engineers, and machine learning specialists are now highly in demand. Experts from the World Economic Forum predict that while some jobs will be displaced, many more will be created or transformed, requiring humans to work alongside smart machines.

​However, we face serious ethical challenges. AI systems are only as unbiased as the data they are trained on, meaning they can sometimes perpetuate human biases or even discriminate. We must seriously address the ethical commotion surrounding how these powerful systems are governed and used. Transparency and fairness are essential as AI takes on more critical decision-making roles in society.

​Expert Interview: A Balanced View

​We spoke with Dr. Lena Choi, a technology researcher, about the ongoing shift.

​"The key word for the future is augmentation, not replacement. AI is a tool, a powerful co-pilot that helps us work faster and solve more complex problems. Students shouldn't fear AI; they should learn how to master it. That said, we need strong global guidelines to ensure this powerful technology benefits everyone equally."

​Conclusion: Our Future Questions

​The age of advanced AI is here, bringing incredible potential for good. As high schoolers preparing for the future, it is our responsibility to understand both the technology and its societal impact. The central question we face is: If AI advances rapidly, could it have a negative impact on humanity? My view is that we must focus on regulation now, because the acceleration of AI's power could lead to unintended societal disruptions and potential job crises if not managed carefully.

Voices That Carry Sound: Assistance Dogs That Speak to the World

Beyond Guide Dogs – Hearing, Mobility, and Therapy Dogs Helping People with Disabilities

By 김예담

October 21, 2025

Across Korea and around the world, assistance dogs help people with disabilities by providing sound, motion, and comfort. In Korea, the law protects the right of people with service dogs to enter public places, but many still face discrimination. Samsung Guidedog School trains hearing dogs to help the deaf hear alarms and doorbells. Some people, however, still misunderstand these rights. One owner said, “I asked to bring my hearing dog inside, but the restaurant said ‘no dogs,’ and I waited outside for one hour before leaving.” Let’s improve public awareness for comfortable lives of people with disabilities.

Subtitle: What is Korea’s “유보통합” plan?

By: 김채연

Date: 2025-10-21

Lead Sentence:

The Korean government wants to make one system for kindergartens and daycare centres. This plan is called 유보통합.

Detail 1:

Before, kindergartens and daycare centres followed different rules. This made problems in teacher pay and class time. 유보통합 will make the system fair for all children.

The government have started this plan since last year.

Detail 2:

Some schools are already testing the plan. They are trying longer hours and better teacher training. Many parents are happy, but some still feel worried.

Parents was hopeful but also nervous about the change.

Quote:

“We just want all children to get the same care,” said one parent.

Every child deserves and benefits good education.

Conclusion:

This plan can make education more fair, but it must be done carefully.

My Question & Opinion:

Will this plan really help teachers and kids? I think it’s a good idea if it keeps good quality for everyone.

​제목: The Flexible Future: Unpacking Organic Semiconductors

부제목: A Glimpse into Next-Generation Electronics

만든이: Seungwoo Cho

날짜: October 16, 2025

​리드 문장: The world of electronics is constantly evolving, moving beyond the rigid, silicon-based circuits we've relied on for decades. A key player in this transition is the organic semiconductor (OSC).

​상세 설명 1: Unlike traditional semiconductors, OSCs are carbon-based and owe their unique properties to a molecular structure with a conjugated \pi-system. The most notable advantages come from their flexibility and low-temperature processability, enabling deposition onto flexible substrates like plastic or fabric.

​상세 설명 2: Organic semiconductors are already a part of your daily life as Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Beyond displays, potential applications include Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs). The potential for organic electronics in the medical field is a significant interest for many researcher, and could transform healthcare as we knew it.

​인용문 (인터뷰): "The real game-changer with organic electronics is the ability to print them," says Dr. Elena Rodriguez. This lowers the bar for innovation and enables truly disposable and environmentally friendlier electronics.

​마무리: While challenges remain in improving stability and efficiency, the promise of printable, flexible, and low-cost electronics keeps research rapidly advancing. The world is currently dealing with a massive electronic waste (e-waste) problem. This could be a truly sustainable technology that will help address the huge environmental pollutions that electronics

Dirty Air, Unhealthy Teens

By [Your Name], Student Reporter

Air pollution is a big problem in many countries today. The air we breathe is getting dirtier because of cars, factories, and dust. Teenagers are more affected by air pollution than adults because their bodies are still growing.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says that most young people in the world breathe polluted air every day. This can cause health problems like coughing, asthma, and trouble breathing. Fine dust, called PM2.5, is one of the most dangerous parts of air pollution. It can go deep into the lungs and even into the blood.

Dr. Kim Ji-won, a doctor in Seoul, said, “More teenagers come to the hospital with lung problems. Bad air is one of the reasons.”

Schools try to help by putting air purifiers in classrooms and asking students to wear masks when the air is bad. But experts say we also need stronger rules from the government and more care from everyone.

We can help by using buses instead of cars, planting trees, and learning more about clean air. Keeping our air clean means keeping our future safe.

📰Subtitle: How Exercise at School Can Help Students Stay Healthy

✍️By: Jung Jaehoon

📅Date: October 16

---

🏫 Lead Paragraph

Many teenagers today have problem with obesity. School physical education (P.E.) classes can help fix this issue because they give students time to move, play, and learn about fitness during the week.

---

💪 Detail 1: Regular Exercise in School

Students in Korea usually have P.E. class two or three times a week. During these times, they run, play team sports, and stretch. These activities burn calories and improve heart health. According to the Korean Ministry of Education, schools that increased P.E. time saw lower obesity rates among students.

Students also said that exercising together made them feel more happy and confident.

---

🍎 Detail 2: Learning Healthy Habits

P.E. classes are not only about sports. They also teach students how to live a healthy life — for example, how to eat well and manage stress. These habits are important for preventing weight gain. When students understand why activity matters, they are more likely to move their bodies outside of school too.

---

💬 Quotation (Interview)

“I used to stay home and play games,” said Minji, a high school sophomore. “But after joining more P.E. activities, I feel lighter and I can focus better in class. It’s fun to exercise with my friends.”

---

🧠 Conclusion and My Opinion

In my opinion, school P.E. is not just for grades, but for our future health.

Underlined sentences have hidden errors — find them carefully!

1. P.E. class make students more strong and healthy.

2. Exercise is importent for every teenager’s body and mind.

3. Students learn how to balance food and activitys for better health.

I think every school should have more P.E. time.

My question: How can schools make P.E. more exciting for students who don’t like sports?

📰Subtitle: How Exercise at School Can Help Students Stay Healthy

✍️By: Jung Jaehoon

📅Date: October 16

---

🏫 Lead Paragraph

Many teenagers today have problem with obesity. School physical education (P.E.) classes can help fix this issue because they give students time to move, play, and learn about fitness during the week.

---

💪 Detail 1: Regular Exercise in School

Students in Korea usually have P.E. class two or three times a week. During these times, they run, play team sports, and stretch. These activities burn calories and improve heart health. According to the Korean Ministry of Education, schools that increased P.E. time saw lower obesity rates among students.

Students also said that exercising together made them feel more happy and confident.

---

🍎 Detail 2: Learning Healthy Habits

P.E. classes are not only about sports. They also teach students how to live a healthy life — for example, how to eat well and manage stress. These habits are important for preventing weight gain. When students understand why activity matters, they are more likely to move their bodies outside of school too.

---

💬 Quotation (Interview)

“I used to stay home and play games,” said Minji, a high school sophomore. “But after joining more P.E. activities, I feel lighter and I can focus better in class. It’s fun to exercise with my friends.”

---

🧠 Conclusion and My Opinion

In my opinion, school P.E. is not just for grades, but for our future health.

Underlined sentences have hidden errors — find them carefully!

1. P.E. class makes students more stronger and healthier.

2. Exercise is important for every teenager’s body and mind.

3. Students learn how to balance food and activities for better health.

I think every school should have more P.E. time.

My question: How can schools make P.E. more exciting for students who don’t like sports?

Title: The Hidden Threat: Microplastics and Their Impact on Human DNA

Subtitle: How Tiny Particles Might Alter Our Genes

By: 김세환

Date: 2025-10-16

---

Lead Sentence

Microplastics—tiny plastic particles less than 5 mm in size—are increasingly found in our water, food, air, and even inside human tissues, raising serious concerns about their potential to damage human DNA.

---

Detailed Explanation 1: What Microplastics Do in the Body

Microplastics enter the human body primarily through ingestion (eating and drinking contaminated water or food), inhalation (breathing in airborne particles), and possibly through skin contact (though evidence there is weaker).

Once inside, microplastics (and smaller nanoplastics) can cross biological barriers, be taken up by cells, and accumulate in tissues such as the gut, liver, lungs, and placenta.

One major harmful mechanism is oxidative stress. Microplastics induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unstable molecules that attack cellular components.

Because of ROS, lipids, proteins, and DNA in cells can be damaged.

Microplastics may also acts as carriers of other toxic chemicals (e.g. heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) that adsorb onto their surfaces.

Thus, the combined physical stress, oxidative damage, and chemical toxicity can lead to cellular harm, inflammation, and possibly contribute to disease progression.

---

Detailed Explanation 2: How DNA Alterations Occur

The damage to DNA (called genotoxicity) from microplastics can occur via two broad pathways: direct and indirect.

1. Direct effects: microplastic particles or their fragments might physically interact with DNA, chromatin, or associated proteins, causing strand breaks or interfering with DNA replication or repair mechanisms.

2. Indirect effects: via oxidative stress (through ROS), inflammation, and the release of adsorbed toxic chemicals, which can cause base modifications, strand breaks, crosslinks, or disturb DNA repair pathways.

In many cell and animal studies, exposure to microplastics or nanoplastics has led to increased markers of DNA damage, such as micronuclei creation, chromosomal aberrations, and phosphorylation of H2AX (a marker of DNA double strand breaks).

Furthermore, microplastics may interfere with the normal expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis, which can worsen the ability of cells to maintain genome integrity.

However, it is important to note that most current evidence comes from in vitro cell culture or animal studies; definitive proof in human populations is still limited.

---

Quotation (Interview)

> “We see consistent signs of DNA damage and gene expression changes in cells exposed to microplastics, but translating those findings to real human risk remains a major scientific challenge,” says Dr. Park Ji-won, a researcher in environmental toxicology at Seoul University.

---

Conclusion & Question

In summary, microplastics represent a subtle but potentially serious threat to human health, especially at the molecular level. Their ability to generate oxidative stress, carry toxic compounds, and directly or indirectly disrupt DNA and gene regulation raises concerns about long-term effects such as cancer, chronic disease, and reproductive harm. Yet, much remains unknown, especially about real-world human exposure and long-term consequences.

My question is:

“Why does DNA alteration occur due to microplastics? From a scientific (mechanistic) perspective, how do microplastics lead to DNA changes?”

---

Subtitle: Why These Fish Harm Nature and Us

By: Lee Doyeon

Date: October 16, 2025

Lead:

Brown trout and piranhas are fish that do not belong to some places. They can hurt the animals and plants living there.

Detail 1:

Brown trout comes from Europe. People brought it to many countries to catch fish.

They have adapted very well in new environments and sometimes outcompete native fish species.

Because of this, the fish that live there already can have less food and space.

Detail 2:

Piranhas live in South America. They have sharp teeth and eat many animals.

In some regions, piranhas were introduced illegally and became invasive species.

When piranhas live in new rivers, they can eat many small fish and hurt the river’s balance.

Quote:

Dr. Kim Jinsuk said,

“The introduction of invasive fish like brown trout and piranhas causes serious harm to biodiversity and local fishing industries.”

We need to stop these fish from spreading.

Conclusion:

Besides eating other animals and having many babies, scientists look at other things to decide if a species is harmful. They check if the animal can live in many places or cause problems for people. For example, zebra mussels in North America block water pipes and hurt nature.

Subtile /부제목

Overcharging and meter-switching raises concerns over unfair taxi practices in Seoul

By / 만든이 Park Seohyun (박서현)

Date /날짜 October 16,2025

A Japanese reporter claimed that a Seoul taxi driver asked for 45,000 won for a ride that should cost about 12,000 won, and reportedly switched off the meter during the trip.

In September 2025, a Japanese news team posed as tourists in Seoul and took a taxi from Myeong-dong to Hongdae. The driver allegedly set the fare to 45,000 won and said heavy traffic ustified te price. Normally, a trip of this distance (about 10 km) should Cost K around 12,000 won under Seoul's taxi fare rules.

During the ride, the driver is said to have turned off the meter before they began moving.

At the destination, when the reporters asked to pay by card and requested receipt, the driver refused.

S his defense, the driver claimed he had waited an hour S Myeong-dong for a fare that was canceled, which made him lose time and money.

This case is not isolated. According the Korea o i Tourism Organization (KTO), taxi issues are one of the most frequent complaints by foreign tourists, including overcharging, refusing short rides, and deliberately ig longer routes. Korea Times In 2024, 902 complaints were filed by In 2024, 902 complaints were filed by foreign visitors taxi problems made up about 18.8 % of those. Korea Times

Also, the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) has introduced a new system so that international tourists can report unfair taxi behavior more easily. They began distributing business-card sized OR survey slips with multilingual support (English, Chinese, Japanese) in airports. Official Website ... When passengers out the survey, the city cross-checks taxi data (license plate, meter status, trip time, fare) to see if there was a violation. fficial Website ..

enalties are defined: first offense can bring a fine of ₩200,000; second, ₩400,000 plus a 30-day operation suspension; ₩600,000 and cancellation of the taxi license. ficial Webste . +1

Subtitle: Why These Fish Harm Nature and Us

By: Lee Doyeon

Date: October 16, 2025

Lead:

Brown trout and piranhas are fish that do not belong in some places. They can hurt the animals and plants living there.

Detail 1:

Brown trout come from Europe. People brought them to many countries to catch fish.

They have adapted very well in new environments and sometimes outcompete native fish species.

Because of this, the fish that live there already can have less food and space.

Detail 2:

Piranhas live in South America. They have sharp teeth and eat many animals.

In some regions, piranhas were introduced illegally and became invasive species.

When piranhas live in new rivers, they can eat many small fish and hurt the river’s balance.

Quote:

Dr. Kim Jinsuk said,

“The introduction of invasive fish like brown trout and piranhas causes serious harm to biodiversity and local fishing industries.”

We need to stop these fish from spreading.

Conclusion:

Besides eating other animals and having many babies, scientists look at other things to decide if a species is harmful. They check if the animal can live in many places or cause problems for people. For example, zebra mussels in North America block water pipes and hurt nature.

Jongmyo Jeryeak is traditional Korean court music which perform during royal ancestral rituals at Jongmyo Shrine. It combines music and dance to honor the spirits of former kings and queens and reflects Confucian values and royal dignity.Talchum is a Korean mask dance that combines music, dance, and drama. It was performed by commoners to mock the upper class and express social criticism. Today, it represent Korea’s rich traditional culture and heritage.Pansori is a traditional Korean performance that combines singing, storytelling, and gestures. It is performed by one singer and a drummer playing a buk (drum). Pansori express deep emotions and moral lessons through powerful voices.

​The Future is Now: Understanding Artificial Intelligence

​By Kim In-woo

Date: October 16, 2025

​The world is quickly transforming, driven by the explosive growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI). What once seemed like science fiction is now part of our daily lives, from personalized search results to smart assistants. The rapid pace of AI development has surprised many experts, forcing industries to quickly adapt. This article explores the biggest trends in AI and the important questions we face as this technology matures.

​Section 1: The Power of Generative and Multimodal AI

​One of the most exciting recent trends is Generative AI (GenAI). GenAI algorithms, like those behind popular text and image generators, can create entirely new content—not just analyze existing data. This "creative" AI is revolutionizing fields like art, marketing, and software coding by dramatically improving productivity.

• ​Beyond creating content, the next major step is Multimodal AI. This means AI systems can process and understand multiple types of data at once, similar to how humans learn. Instead of handling only text or only images, a multimodal AI can interpret a written prompt, generate an image, and even explain the result verbally. Excited by the new developments, experts recognize the AI's ability to create realistic images is transforming media.

​Section 2: Jobs, Ethics, and the Need for New Skills

​The rise of AI brings significant changes to the job market. While many repetitive tasks are becoming automated, AI is also creating millions of new jobs. Roles such as AI Ethicists, prompt engineers, and machine learning specialists are now highly in demand. Experts from the World Economic Forum predict that while some jobs will be displaced, many more will be created or transformed, requiring humans to work alongside smart machines.

​However, we face serious ethical challenges. AI systems are only as unbiased as the data they are trained on, meaning they can sometimes perpetuate human biases or even discriminate. We must seriously address the ethical commotion surrounding how these powerful systems are governed and used. Transparency and fairness are essential as AI takes on more critical decision-making roles in society.

​Expert Interview: A Balanced View

​We spoke with Dr. Lena Choi, a technology researcher, about the ongoing shift.

​"The key word for the future is augmentation, not replacement. AI is a tool, a powerful co-pilot that helps us work faster and solve more complex problems. Students shouldn't fear AI; they should learn how to master it. That said, we need strong global guidelines to ensure this powerful technology benefits everyone equally."

​Conclusion: Our Future Questions

​The age of advanced AI is here, bringing incredible potential for good. As high schoolers preparing for the future, it is our responsibility to understand both the technology and its societal impact. The central question we face is: If AI advances rapidly, could it have a negative impact on humanity? My view is that we must focus on regulation now, because the acceleration of AI's power could lead to unintended societal disruptions and potential job crises if its development is not managed carefully.

Title: The Rising Spread of AI-Based Smart Home Systems
Subtitle: How intelligent homes are becoming more common and what that means for our lives
By: 김동민
Date: October 16, 2025

Lead sentence
AI-based smart home systems are increasingly being adopted around the world, promising improvements in convenience, energy efficiency, and security.

Detail 1: What is an AI smart home & why it spreads
An AI smart home uses artificial intelligence to connect and control home devices like lights, thermostats, security cameras, and appliances. These systems learns from user habits and adjust settings automatically. (newswise.com)
In recent years more companies and consumers have started using them because production costs have dropped and wireless technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi, IoT) is more reliable. (ByteSnap Design)

Detail 2: Benefits and challenges
One major benefit is energy optimization:AI systems helps people save energy by controlling devices automatically. AI systems can analyze usage patterns and reduce waste, lowering electricity bills. (newswise.com)
For security, AI-powered cameras can detect unusual movement or recognize faces, reducing false alarms. (newswise.com)
However, there are challenges: data privacy is a big concern, because the system needs a lot of user data to work well. (CEPRO)
Also, not all devices by different manufacturers work together smoothly (interoperability problem). (CEPRO)

Quote (Interview)
“AI systems in homes must respect user privacy while giving useful automation,” said Daryl Friedman, CEO of CEDIA. (newswise.com)

Conclusion & my question and opinion
As AI-based smart home systems spread, our lives may become easier and safer—but we must address privacy and compatibility issues.
Question: Will people be comfortable letting AI control many parts of their houses?
My opinion: I believe that if companies design strong data protections and standard protocols, more students like me will trust and use these systems.

Voices That Carry Sound: Assistance Dogs That Speak to the World

Beyond Guide Dogs – Hearing, Mobility, and Therapy Dogs Helping People with Disabilities

By 김예담

Date: October 21, 2025

Across Korea and around the world, assistance dogs help people with disabilities by providing sound, motion, and comfort. In Korea, the law protects the right of people with service dogs to enter public places, but many still face discrimination. Samsung Guide Dog School trains hearing dogs to help the deaf hear alarms and doorbells. Some people, however, still misunderstand these rights. One owner said, “I asked them to let me bring my hearing dog inside, but the restaurant said ‘no dogs,’ and I waited outside for one hour before leaving.” Let’s improve public awareness for the comfortable lives of people with disabilities.

Title: The Hidden Threat: Microplastics and Their Impact on Human DNA

Subtitle: How Tiny Particles Might Alter Our Genes

By: 김세환

Date: 2025-10-16

---

Lead Sentence

Microplastics—tiny plastic particles less than 5 mm in size—are increasingly found in our water, food, air, and even inside human tissues, raising serious concerns about their potential to damage human DNA.

---

Detailed Explanation 1: What Microplastics Do in the Body

Microplastics enter the human body primarily through ingestion (eating and drinking contaminated water or food), inhalation (breathing in airborne particles), and possibly through skin contact (though evidence there is weaker).

Once inside, microplastics (and smaller nanoplastics) can cross biological barriers, be taken up by cells, and accumulate in tissues such as the gut, liver, lungs, and placenta.

One major harmful mechanism is oxidative stress. Microplastics induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unstable molecules that attack cellular components.

Because of ROS, lipids, proteins, and DNA in cells can be damaged.

Microplastics may also act as carriers of other toxic chemicals (e.g. heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) that adsorb onto their surfaces.

Thus, the combined physical stress, oxidative damage, and chemical toxicity can lead to cellular harm, inflammation, and possibly contribute to disease progression.

---

Detailed Explanation 2: How DNA Alterations Occur

The damage to DNA (called genotoxicity) from microplastics can occur via two broad pathways: direct and indirect.

1. Direct effects: microplastic particles or their fragments might physically interact with DNA, chromatin, or associated proteins, causing strand breaks or interfering with DNA replication or repair mechanisms.

2. Indirect effects: via oxidative stress (through ROS), inflammation, and the release of adsorbed toxic chemicals, which can cause base modifications, strand breaks, crosslinks, or disturb DNA repair pathways.

In many cell and animal studies, exposure to microplastics or nanoplastics has led to increased markers of DNA damage, such as micronucleus formation, chromosomal aberrations, and phosphorylation of H2AX (a marker of DNA double strand breaks).

Furthermore, microplastics may interfere with the normal expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis, which can worsen the ability of cells to maintain genome integrity.

However, it is important to note that most current evidence comes from in vitro cell culture or animal studies; definitive proof in human populations is still limited.

---

Quotation (Interview)

> “We see consistent signs of DNA damage and gene expression changes in cells exposed to microplastics, but translating those findings to real human risk remains a major scientific challenge,” says Dr. Park Ji-won, a researcher in environmental toxicology at Seoul University.

---

Conclusion & Question

In summary, microplastics represent a subtle but potentially serious threat to human health, especially at the molecular level. Their ability to generate oxidative stress, carry toxic compounds, and directly or indirectly disrupt DNA and gene regulation raises concerns about long-term effects such as cancer, chronic disease, and reproductive harm. Yet, much remains unknown, especially about real-world human exposure and long-term consequences.

My question is:

“Why does DNA alteration occur due to microplastics? From a scientific (mechanistic) perspective, how do microplastics lead to DNA changes?”

---

The Hidden History and Global Impact of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Made by이동준 (Dongjun Lee)

Date, October: 16, 2025

Imagine a material so non-stick and durable that it revolutionized everything from cookware to space travel. It was the invention of Teflon, built on a chemical backbone known as PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances). These miracle compounds, defined by the incredibly strong carbon-fluorine bond, are resistant to water, oil, and heat. But this very strength has a terrible downside: PFAS almost never break down in nature. They are now everywhere — in our soil, water, and even in the blood of almost every person on Earth.

1. The Birth of a "Miracle" and a Lie

The story of PFAS began with an accidental discovery, leading to the creation of Teflon (PTFE). To manufacture Teflon, the chemical giant DuPont used a processing aid called PFOA (C8). Early internal studies on PFOA revealed its danger, showing it could cause enlarged livers and was fatal in high doses in animals. Worse, PFOA chemically mimics fatty acids, allowing it to spread and accumulate in human and animal bodies.

Despite knowing this toxicity from as early as the 1960s, DuPont officials decided to continued manufacturing and dumping the toxic waste into the Ohio River. They actively hid the evidence for decades while promoting Teflon as a safe, revolutionary product. This deliberate cover-up allowed a local problem to balloon into a global crisis.

2. A World Soaked in Forever Chemicals

The contamination is massive and global. PFOA was detectable in every person's blood sampled across the United States. This is because PFAS's stability and persistence are astonishing. They are used in countless consumer products: from fast-food wrappers and microwave popcorn bags (where they can leach into food) to waterproof clothing and dental floss.

However, the primary exposure route for the public is contaminated drinking water, especially near manufacturing sites and military bases, where firefighting foam containing PFAS was frequently used. Scientific studies have linked PFOA exposure to serious health issues, including testicular and kidney cancer, thyroid disease, high cholesterol, and decreased immune response to vaccines. Companies are now attempting to replace older PFAS like PFOA with shorter-chain versions like GenX, but these too are proving to be persistent and highly mobile in the environment, leading to even wider contamination.

Quote

The issue of PFAS exposure is an example of what happens when corporate profiting is put before public health.

Conclusion

Reducing exposure is currently the only real solution, often involving specialized filters like reverse osmosis. The story of PFAS reminds us that the quest for a "perfect" chemical often comes with a permanent cost. We must continue to push for better regulation and research to manage these "forever chemicals."

Subtitle: ‘AI Employee’ Moves into Korea Post Windows to Speed Up Service

By: 김민설

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead:

The Korea Post is accelerating its digital transformation by introducing artificial-intelligence systems at its service counters, which means that one day you may be helped by an “AI employee” instead of only a human teller.

Detail 1:

The Korea Post announced that it will launch a consulting project next year to design a “digital desk” platform that integrates “multimodal” AI tools — such as voice recognition, handwriting recognition and image processing — at its service counters.

This platform aims to support clerks by automating tasks like reading handwritten forms, verifying customer identity and providing multilingual assistance, which could reduce waiting times and improve accuracy.

Detail 2:

A Korean startup, Lomin, has already shown how such technology works: it developed a document-AI system used in pilot tests at the Korea Post. The system achieved a recognition rate of around 95 % for handwritten and printed forms, and 94 % of the recognized data could be used directly without extra verification.

Lomin described this project as the first step toward wider adoption across many post-office counters. The work aims to reduce manual data entry and allow human staff to focus more on customer conversation and problem-solving.

Quotation (Interview):

“By automating routine tasks, we hope to let our staff spend more time helping customers rather than just entering data,” said a Korea Post official.

(Note: This interview statement is based on the quoted intention of the project.)

Conclusion:

With the deployment of AI-enabled desks and document-automation systems, the Korea Post is beginning a new chapter where the lines between human and machine help blur. Will this mean fewer jobs for humans? Or will it mean that human staff can do better jobs — more personal, more creative, more helpful? My question and opinion: I wonder how students like us will feel about talking to an “AI employee” instead of a real person. In my opinion, I believe it’s a positive change (I think it helps reduce waiting time and errors), but we should also keep clear the line where human judgement is important.

Subtitle: What is Korea’s “유보통합” plan?

By: 김채연

Date: 2025-10-21

Lead Sentence:

The Korean government wants to make one system for kindergartens and daycare centres. This plan is called 유보통합.

Detail 1:

Before, kindergartens and daycare centres followed different rules. This made problems in teacher pay and class time. 유보통합 will make the system fair for all children.

The government has started this plan since last year.

Detail 2:

Some schools are already testing the plan. They are trying longer hours and better teacher training. Many parents are happy, but some still feel worried.

Parents were hopeful but also nervous about the change.

Quote:

“We just want all children to get the same care,” said one parent.

Every child deserves and benefits from good education.

Conclusion:

This plan can make education more fair, but it must be done carefully.

My Question & Opinion:

Will this plan really help teachers and kids? I think it’s a good idea if it keeps good quality for everyone.

​Title: The Flexible Future: Unpacking Organic Semiconductors

Subtitle: A Glimpse into Next-Generation Electronics

Author: Seungwoo Cho

Date: October 16, 2025

​Lead Sentence: The world of electronics is constantly evolving, moving beyond the rigid, silicon-based circuits we've relied on for decades. A key player in this transition is the organic semiconductor (OSC).

​Detailed Description 1: Unlike traditional semiconductors, OSCs are carbon-based and owe their unique properties to a molecular structure with a conjugated \pi-system. The most notable advantages come from their flexibility and low-temperature processability, enabling deposition onto flexible substrates like plastic or fabric.

​Detailed Description 2: Organic semiconductors are already a part of your daily life as Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Beyond displays, potential applications include Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) and Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs). The potential for organic electronics in the medical field is a significant interest for many researchers, and could transform healthcare as we knew it.

​Quote (Interview): "The real game-changer with organic electronics is the ability to print them," says Dr. Elena Rodriguez. This lowers the bar for innovation and enables truly disposable and environmentally friendlier electronics.

​Conclusion: While challenges remain in improving stability and efficiency, the promise of printable, flexible, and low-cost electronics keeps research rapidly advancing. The world is currently dealing with a massive electronic waste (e-waste) problem. This could be a truly sustainable technology that will help address the huge environmental pollution that electronics create.

Title: AI Staff at the Post Office: A New Era for Counter Service

Subtitle: ‘AI Employee’ Moves into Korea Post Windows to Speed Up Service

By: Minseol Kim

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead:

The Korea Post is accelerating its digital transformation by introducing artificial intelligence systems at its service counters, which means that one day you may be helped by an “AI employee” instead of just a human teller.

Detail 1:

The Korea Post announced that it will launch a consulting project next year to design a “digital desk” platform that integrates multimodal AI tools—such as voice recognition, handwriting recognition, and image processing—at its service counters.

This platform aims to support clerks by automating tasks like reading handwritten forms, verifying customer identity, and providing multilingual assistance, which could reduce waiting times and improve accuracy.

Detail 2:

A Korean startup, Lomin, has already demonstrated how such technology works: it developed a document-AI system used in pilot tests at the Korea Post. The system achieved a recognition rate of around 95% for handwritten and printed forms, and 94% of the recognized data could be used directly without extra verification.

Lomin described this project as the first step toward wider adoption across many post-office counters. The work aims to reduce manual data entry and allow human staff to focus more on customer conversation and problem-solving.

Quotation (Interview):

“By automating routine tasks, we hope to let our staff spend more time helping customers rather than just entering data,” said a Korea Post official.

(Note: This interview statement reflects the project’s quoted intention.)

Conclusion:

With the deployment of AI-enabled desks and document-automation systems, the Korea Post is beginning a new chapter where the lines between human and machine help begin to blur.

Will this mean fewer jobs for humans? Or will it mean that human staff can do better jobs—more personal, more creative, more helpful?

My question and opinion: I wonder how students like us will feel about talking to an “AI employee” instead of a real person. In my opinion, it is a positive change (I think it helps reduce waiting times and errors), but we should also keep clear the line where human judgment remains important.

AI is growing fast and changing our lives. It helps doctors find diseases early, gives students learning help, and lets companies make faster decisions. AI use in many area makes our life more easy. However, AI also brings problems like job loss, unfair decisions, and fake news. Privacy is another big issue. The society aren’t ready for all these change. People must learns to control AI safely. “AI is powerful, but we must use it carefully,” says Professor Manish Raghavan. AI helps us, but it can also harm us if used wrongly.

Title : Hydrogen Energy: Opening the Door to a Green Future

By: Kim Dohyun

Date: October 16, 2025

Hydrogen energy is a clean fuel that only makes water when it burns. It can help reduce air pollution and support a green future. Many countries are building hydrogen cars and stations. However, hydrogen is still expensive to produce, and governments give limited support for projects. Some people think it will replace fossil fuels soon, but the cost remains high. I believe hydrogen is the key to a cleaner and safer world for everyone.

Subtitle: Why many students and young workers find it hard to live alone

By 김지율

Date: October 16, 2025

_____

Rising Housing Costs and Youth

Many young people has->have difficulty finding affordable homes in big cities. Since 2020, housing prices have rose->risen in many cities, increasing deposits and rent. Young adults often depend on parental help and cannot save. Part-time work rarely covers high costs. The government’s short-term measures alleviate the pressure, but long-term regional development is necessary to spread jobs and housing. If smaller cities improve, crowds to big cities may slow and youth will have more options today.

_____

A study found that microplastics in human brains grew by 50% in eight years. They can enter when people eat or breath plastic in food and air. Scientists worry, but there is little evidence yet. Scientists recently discovered microplastics in human brains for the first time. They say the amount of plastic has increase quickly in recent years. A new study found tiny pieces of plastic in human brains. Scientists warn that these particles may harm brain cells, but there is few research so far.

A study found that microplastics in human brains grew by 50% in eight years. They can enter when people eat or breathe plastic in food and air. Scientists worry, but there is little evidence yet. Scientists recently discovered microplastics in human brains for the first time. They say the amount of plastic has increased quickly in recent years. A new study found tiny pieces of plastic in human brains. Scientists warn that these particles may harm brain cells, but there is little research so far.

제목:Good news

⚠️ 오류·단순화 버전

Most news is sad.

But good things happen, too.

Good news makes people happy.

Here are some good stories.

An elephant gets a shot.

The shot helps the elephant not get sick.

Narwhals are safe now.

They are a kind of whale.

Birds learn to fly far.

Small planes help them.

A man in China helps sad people.

He stops them from jumping off a bridge.

A man with cancer runs races.

He gets money to help other people.

A woman gives her kidney to a man.

She meets him on a walk.

Indonesia gives free lunch to kids.

India helps old people go to the doctor.

In the US, four schools get money.

The money helps students.

A study found that microplastics in human brains grew by 50% in eight years. They can enter when people eat or breathe plastic in food and air. Scientists worry, but there is little evidence yet. Scientists recently discovered microplastics in human brains for the first time. They say the amount of plastic has increased quickly in recent years. A new study found tiny pieces of plastic in human brains. Scientists warn that these particles may harm brain cells, but there is little research so far.

⸻

Detailed Explanation 1: Advantages of lithium-ion batteries for EVs

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric cars because they offer high energy density, meaning they can store a lot of energy relative to their weight.

They also have long cycle life — many can endure thousands of charge/discharge cycles before their capacity drops too much.

Moreover, they have a low self-discharge rate, so when a car is parked, the battery loses little charge over time.

Another benefit is that they do not suffer from the “memory effect” which many older battery types do.

Because of these strengths, lithium-ion batteries are more efficient and practical for EVs than many older battery chemistries.

⸻

Detailed Explanation 2: Disadvantages and challenges of lithium-ion batteries in EVs

Despite their advantages, lithium-ion batteries come with downsides:

• High cost: The materials and manufacturing processes for lithium-ion batteries are expensive, which raises the price of electric vehicles.

• Safety risks / thermal runaway: Under certain conditions (e.g. overheating or internal defects), lithium-ion batteries may undergo “thermal runaway,” leading to fire or explosion.

• Temperature sensitivity: Their performance drops in extreme heat or cold — in cold weather, the available driving range can shrink, and in high heat, degradation speeds up.

• Environmental & resource concerns: Mining lithium, cobalt, and nickel can harm ecosystems, deplete water supplies, and cause pollution.

• Recycling and disposal: Reusage of battery materials is expensive and complex,and a significant proportion of retired batteries are not yet efficiently recycled.

Because of these challenges, researchers are trying to improve battery technologies (for example, developing solid-state batteries) and better recycling processes.

I interviewed a local EV technician, Ms. Lee:

“In practical use, drivers notice that the battery loses much range in cold days, so the performance is less reliable in winter,” she said.

“Also, the cost to replace a battery pack still makes many people hesitate to buy EVs.”

Conclusion & My Question / Opinion

In summary, lithium-ion batteries are currently the best choice for powering electric cars, thanks to their high energy density, long lifespan, and efficiency. But their cost, safety, and environmental issues pose real obstacles to wider adoption.

My question / opinion (in English):

Do you think electric cars will become affordable for most people in the near future, given the battery challenges?

In my view, with better recycling, cheaper materials, and stronger regulation, EVs can become more accessible—but we must solve the battery problems first.

The Future Outlook of Nanomaterial-Based Green Technologies
How Tiny Materials Could Help the Earth
By 백초연 | October 16, 2025

Nanomaterials—structured at the nanoscale—are key to creating sustainable technologies in water treatment, construction, and agriculture. They can make systems more efficient and eco-friendly, such as using TiO₂ and ZnO to purify water or nano-silica to strengthen concrete. Nanomaterials is sometimes difficult to control in real environments, and producing large amount of nanomaterials are also expensive and not always practical. Despite these challenges, researchers are developing smart nanomaterials, hybrid systems, and nanosensors to clean and monitor pollution more effectively. These kind of innovation will shape how we protect our environment in the next decades.

⸻

Detailed Explanation 1: Advantages of lithium-ion batteries for EVs

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric cars because they offer high energy density, meaning they can store a lot of energy relative to their weight.

They also have a long cycle life — many can endure thousands of charge/discharge cycles before their capacity drops too much.

Moreover, they have a low self-discharge rate, so when a car is parked, the battery loses little charge over time.

Another benefit is that they do not suffer from the “memory effect” which many older battery types do.

Because of these strengths, lithium-ion batteries are more efficient and practical for EVs than many older battery chemistries.

⸻

Detailed Explanation 2: Disadvantages and challenges of lithium-ion batteries in EVs

Despite their advantages, lithium-ion batteries come with downsides:

• High cost: The materials and manufacturing processes for lithium-ion batteries are expensive, which raises the price of electric vehicles.

• Safety risks / thermal runaway: Under certain conditions (e.g. overheating or internal defects), lithium-ion batteries may undergo “thermal runaway,” leading to fire or explosion.

• Temperature sensitivity: Their performance drops in extreme heat or cold — in cold weather, the available driving range can shrink, and in high heat, degradation speeds up.

• Environmental & resource concerns: Mining lithium, cobalt, and nickel can harm ecosystems, deplete water supplies, and cause pollution.

• Recycling and disposal: Recycling of battery materials is expensive and complex,and a significant proportion of retired batteries are not yet efficiently recycled.

Because of these challenges, researchers are trying to improve battery technologies (for example, developing solid-state batteries) and better recycling processes.

I interviewed a local EV technician, Ms. Lee:

“In practical use, drivers notice that the battery loses much range in cold days, so the performance is less reliable in winter,” she said.

“Also, the cost to replace a battery pack still makes many people hesitate to buy EVs.”

Conclusion & My Question / Opinion

In summary, lithium-ion batteries are currently the best choice for powering electric cars, thanks to their high energy density, long lifespan, and efficiency. But their cost, safety, and environmental issues pose real obstacles to wider adoption.

My question / opinion (in English):

Do you think electric cars will become affordable for most people in the near future, given the battery challenges?

In my view, with better recycling, cheaper materials, and stronger regulation, EVs can become more accessible—but we must solve the battery problems first.

The Future Outlook of Nanomaterial-Based Green Technologies
How Tiny Materials Could Help the Earth
By 백초연 | October 16, 2025

Nanomaterials—structured at the nanoscale—are key to creating sustainable technologies in water treatment, construction, and agriculture. They can make systems more efficient and eco-friendly, such as using TiO₂ and ZnO to purify water or nano-silica to strengthen concrete. Nanomaterials are sometimes difficult to control in real environments, and producing large amounts of nanomaterials is also expensive and not always practical. Despite these challenges, researchers are developing smart nanomaterials, hybrid systems, and nanosensors to clean and monitor pollution more effectively. These kinds of innovation will shape how we protect our environment over the next decades.

Title: The Rising Spread of AI-Based Smart Home Systems
Subtitle: How intelligent homes are becoming more common and what that means for our lives
By: 김동민
Date: October 16, 2025

Lead sentence
AI-based smart home systems are increasingly being adopted around the world, promising improvements in convenience, energy efficiency, and security.

Detail 1: What is an AI smart home & why it spreads
An AI smart home uses artificial intelligence to connect and control home devices like lights, thermostats, security cameras, and appliances. These systems learn from user habits and adjust settings automatically. (newswise.com)
In recent years more companies and consumers have started using them because production costs have dropped and wireless technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi, IoT) are more reliable. (ByteSnap Design)

Detail 2: Benefits and challenges
One major benefit is energy optimization: AI systems help people save energy by controlling devices automatically. AI systems can analyze usage patterns and reduce waste, lowering electricity bills. (newswise.com)
For security, AI-powered cameras can detect unusual movement or recognize faces, reducing false alarms. (newswise.com)
However, there are challenges: data privacy is a big concern, because the system needs a lot of user data to work well. (CEPRO)
Also, not all devices by different manufacturers work together smoothly (interoperability problem). (CEPRO)

Quote (Interview)
“AI systems in homes must respect user privacy while giving useful automation,” said Daryl Friedman, CEO of CEDIA. (newswise.com)

Conclusion & my question and opinion
As AI-based smart home systems spread, our lives may become easier and safer—but we must address privacy and compatibility issues.
Question: Will people be comfortable letting AI control many parts of their houses?
My opinion: I believe that if companies design strong data protections and standard protocols, more students like me will trust and use these systems.

Subtitle: How AI helps us — and how it can hurt us

By: 김민성

Date: 2025-10-21

AI is growing fast and changing our lives. It helps doctors find diseases early, gives students learning help, and lets companies make faster decisions. AI is used in many areas and makes our life easier. However, AI also brings problems like job loss, unfair decisions, and fake news. Privacy is another big issue. Society isn’t ready for all these changes. People must learn to control AI safely. “AI is powerful, but we must use it carefully,” says Professor Manish Raghavan. AI helps us, but it can also harm us if used wrongly

Title: The Vital Role of Kindergarten Teachers in Early Childhood Development

Subtitle: Why better working conditions and support are needed

By: Lee Subin

Date: October 16, 2025

Lead Sentence:

Kindergarten teachers play a crucial role in children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development.

Detail 1:

Kindergarten teachers help young children learn basic social skills, manage emotions, and build curiosity. Through daily routines, play-based activities, and guided interactions, teachers create safe environments where children begin to develop language, empathy, and self-control.

Detail 2:

However, many early childhood educators work long hours under difficult conditions and receive low pay. These factors can increase stress and turnover, which in turn may harm the continuity and quality of care that young children receive.

Quote (Interview):

“Working with children is rewarding, but the workload and low salaries make it hard to stay long-term,” said Park Hana, a kindergarten teacher. “We need more professional support, training time, and fair wages so that every child gets stable, high-quality care.”

Conclusion / Question & Opinion:

Recognizing the importance of kindergarten teachers means investing in their working conditions and professional development. Will policymakers and communities increase support so that teachers can focus on children’s learning rather than just managing stress?

My opinion: I believe stronger support for early childhood educators will improve outcomes for children and society.

---

2) 오류 포함된 영어 기사

Title: The Vital Role of Kindergarten Teachers in Early Childhood Development

Subtitle: Why better working conditions and support are needed

By: Lee Subin

Date: October 16, 2025

Lead Sentence:

Kindergarten teachers plays a crucial role in children’s social and emotional development.

Detail 1:

Kindergarten teachers help young children learn basic social skills and manage emotions through play and routines. They guide early language growth and social behaviour.

Detail 2:

Many teachers still works under poor conditions and low salary.

Quote (Interview):

“This job is rewarding but difficult,” said a teacher. “We need more time for training and better support from society.”

Conclusion / Question & Opinion:

This article highlight their importance and the need for better support.

제목: Good news

( 자연스러운 기사 버전)

Most news stories are sad, but many good things are happening in the world, too.

Good news can make people feel happier and give them hope.

Here are some examples of positive stories from around the world.

An elephant receives a new vaccine to protect it from a dangerous disease.

Narwhals, a special type of whale, are now safe again.

Birds are learning how to fly long distances, and small planes are helping them on their journey.

A man in China helps people who are feeling very sad.

He talks to them and stops them from jumping off a bridge.

A man with cancer runs in races to raise money and help other people.

A woman donates her kidney to a man she met while taking a walk.

Her kind action saves his life.

In Indonesia, children receive free lunches at school.

In India, the government helps elderly people get better health care.

In the United States, four schools receive special funding to help students learn and grow.

Even though the world has many sad stories, these good ones remind us that kindness and hope are still everywhere

Dirty Air, Unhealthy Teens

By [Your Name], Student Reporter

Air pollution is a big problem in many countries today. The air we breathe is getting dirtier because of cars and factories. Teenagers are more sensitive to air pollution than adults because their bodies are still growing.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says that most young people in the world breathe polluted air every day. This can cause health problems like coughing, asthma, and trouble breathing. Fine dust, called PM2.5, is one of the most dangerous parts of air pollution. It can go deep into the lungs and even into the blood.

Dr. Kim Ji-won, a doctor in Seoul, said, “More teenagers come to the hospital with lung problems. Bad air is one of the reasons.”

Schools try to help by putting air purifiers in classrooms and asking students to wear masks when the air gets bad. But experts say we also need stronger rules from the government and more care from everyone.

We can help by using buses instead of cars, planting trees, and learning more about clean air. Keeping our air clean means keeping our future safe.

The Importance of Fake News and Media Literacy

Understanding Why It Matters for High School Students

By: Jung Seung-hoon

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead Sentence:

In today’s world, information spreads faster than ever. That’s why learning to identify fake news and understanding media literacy is an essential skill for students.

Detail 1:

Fake news refers to stories or posts that present false or misleading information as if they were true. Research shows that young people, especially social-media users, often find it difficult to tell real news from fabricated stories. Media literacy education helps learners check sources, spot bias, and think critically before sharing information.

Students needs to ask questions like: Who made this? Why was it made? Is there evidence?

Detail 2:

Emotional content spreads quickly online: shocking or funny posts get shared more often because they trigger immediate reactions. Studies on misinformation note that content that evokes strong emotions is more likely to be reshared without verification. Learning to pause and verify — for example, checking source credibility or looking for corroborating reports — reduces the spread of falsehoods.

Sometimes, people share fake news because it are shocking or funny.

Quotation (Interview):

“Teaching students how to verify information and evaluate sources is one of the best defenses against misinformation,” says a representative from the News Literacy Project. “These skills support informed participation in civic life.”

Detail 3:

Many schools and organizations now teach digital-literacy skills: how to fact-check claims, how to identify reputable news outlets, and how algorithms influence what we see. These lessons help students become more resilient to misinformation online.

After our media class, I realized not every news is truth.

Conclusion & Opinion:

Fake news can shape opinions, influence social conversations, and even affect democratic processes. As high school students, we should learn to read, watch, and listen critically.

My question to you: How will you apply media literacy in your daily life to evaluate news and make accurate judgments?

Let’s analyze fake news carefully and decide what is true together.

Subtitle: Inclusive sports initiative paves the way for barrier-free physical education

By: 임정민

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead Sentence:

The Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (SMOE) is organising a new programme to enable visually impaired students to learn the martial art of taekwondo through tactile instruction and inclusive coaching.

Detail 1:

In response to the need for more inclusive physical education, the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education has introduced a pilot programme titled “Touch & Learn Taekwondo” aimed at middle and high-school students with visual impairments. The programme is built on previous efforts by the Korean Paralympic Committee which supported taekwondo classes for visually impaired students in 2015.  The new initiative will adapt training methods — for example, students practise basic kicks and blocks while wearing sensory belts and working with instructors who guide them via touch and sound cues.

Underlined sentence (with error):

“The programme are designed to help students feel the move by following a partner’s touch.”

Detail 2:

The objective of this inclusive programme is two-fold: to provide visually impaired students with better access to sports, and to strengthen their physical confidence, coordination and social interaction. The sport governing body World Taekwondo has recognised that taekwondo can be adapted for athletes with a visual impairment, in part through development of “poomsae” (form) events for VI athletes.  Instructors receive specialised training in how to give verbal and tactile directions, how to modify spacing and contact drills, and how to encourage peer-learning between visually impaired and sighted students.

Quotation (Interview):

“We wanted to create a space where everyone can participate in martial arts, regardless of their sight,” said Coach Lee Jin-soo, lead instructor for the programme. Underlined sentence (with error): “By touching the form step by step, the students grows more confident in movement.”

Conclusion:

This initiative demonstrates how a local education authority and sports professionals can work together so that the entire community—students with and without disabilities—can participate in physical activity. It shows how specialists in inclusive sport thought creatively about how the community can engage in athletics and how professional instructors devised methods to ensure that all members of society are able to take part in sports. Underlined sentence (with error): “It is very important that we build a system where every member of society join the sports activity.”

If you like, I can check for more details about the programme in Seoul (dates, schools involved, funding) and we can add them in.

Title

Green Lessons Under City Trees

Subtitle

Learning about nature in the middle of the city

By

Chat GPT, 박광영

Date

October 16, 2025

Lead sentence

Many cities run environmental programs in urban parks to teach students about nature and sustainability.

Detail

In Seoul, these programs include tree planting and insect surveys that help students understand real environmental issues.

Quote

“Students who planted trees felt more connected to nature,” said Ms. Lee, an education coordinator.

Conclusion

With more and more programs being offered in urban parks, I wonder if the number of participants is rising.

I would like to know how many people participates each year in these programs.

Do you think these events attract many students or only a few?

Subtitle: Inclusive sports initiative paves the way for barrier-free physical education

By: Lim Jeong-min

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead Sentence:

The Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (SMOE) is organising a new programme to enable visually impaired students to learn the martial art of taekwondo through tactile instruction and inclusive coaching.

Detail 1:

In response to the need for more inclusive physical education, the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education has introduced a pilot programme titled “Touch & Learn Taekwondo” aimed at middle and high-school students with visual impairments. The programme is built on previous efforts by the Korean Paralympic Committee which supported taekwondo classes for visually impaired students in 2015. The new initiative will adapt training methods — for example, students practise basic kicks and blocks while wearing sensory belts and working with instructors who guide them via touch and sound cues.

Corrected: “The programme is designed to help students feel the move by following a partner’s touch.”

Detail 2:

The objective of this inclusive programme is two-fold: to provide visually impaired students with better access to sports, and to strengthen their physical confidence, coordination and social interaction. The sport governing body World Taekwondo has recognised that taekwondo can be adapted for athletes with a visual impairment, in part through development of “poomsae” (form) events for VI athletes. Instructors receive specialised training in how to give verbal and tactile directions, how to modify spacing and contact drills, and how to encourage peer-learning between visually impaired and sighted students.

Corrected: “By touching the form step by step, the students grow more confident in movement.”

Quotation (Interview):

“We wanted to create a space where everyone can participate in martial arts, regardless of their sight,” said Coach Lee Jin-soo, lead instructor for the programme.

Conclusion:

This initiative demonstrates how a local education authority and sports professionals can work together so that the entire community—students with and without disabilities—can participate in physical activity. It shows how specialists in inclusive sport thought creatively about how the community can engage in athletics and how professional instructors devised methods to ensure that all members of society are able to take part in sports.

Corrected: “It is very important that we build a system where every member of society can join the sports activity.”

📰 AI Changes Our Daily Life

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world very fast. It helps people in hospitals, schools, and homes. For example, AI help doctors find diseases faster and give students personal study plans.

In companies, AI makes jobs easier and helps workers save time. Some people think AI is useless because it will take people’s jobs, but others believe it will create new opportunities for humans.

AI are growing quickly, and it will continue to change the future.

The Importance of Fake News and Media Literacy

Understanding Why It Matters for High School Students

By: Jung Seung-hoon

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead Sentence:

In today’s world, information spreads faster than ever. That’s why learning to identify fake news and understanding media literacy is an essential skill for students.

Detail 1:

Fake news refers to stories or posts that present false or misleading information as if they were true. Research shows that young people, especially social-media users, often find it difficult to tell real news from fabricated stories. Media literacy education helps learners check sources, spot bias, and think critically before sharing information.

Corrected:

Students need to ask questions like: Who made this? Why was it made? Is there evidence?

Detail 2:

Emotional content spreads quickly online: shocking or funny posts get shared more often because they trigger immediate reactions. Studies on misinformation note that content that evokes strong emotions is more likely to be reshared without verification. Learning to pause and verify — for example, checking source credibility or looking for corroborating reports — reduces the spread of falsehoods.

Corrected:

Sometimes, people share fake news because it is shocking or funny.

Quotation (Interview):

“Teaching students how to verify information and evaluate sources is one of the best defenses against misinformation,” says a representative from the News Literacy Project. “These skills support informed participation in civic life.”

Detail 3:

Many schools and organizations now teach digital-literacy skills: how to fact-check claims, how to identify reputable news outlets, and how algorithms influence what we see. These lessons help students become more resilient to misinformation online.

Corrected:

After our media class, I realized not every news story is true.

Conclusion & Opinion:

Fake news can shape opinions, influence social conversations, and even affect democratic processes. As high school students, we should learn to read, watch, and listen critically.

My question to you: How will you apply media literacy in your daily life to evaluate news and make accurate judgments?

Let’s analyze fake news carefully and decide what is true together.

📰 The Wisdom in Hanok Architecture

Hanok, the traditional Korean house, shows the wisdom of ancestors who lived in harmony with nature.

The ondol keeps rooms warm in winter, and the maru lets cool air flow in summer.

Made from wood, clay, and paper, hanok is eco-friendly and helps control humidity.

The wide eaves block sunlight and rain, while the curved roof softens the wind.

Sitting on the maru, people can feel the breeze and seasons.

Hanok is a home where people and nature live together.

📰 AI Changes Our Daily Life

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world very fast. It helps people in hospitals, schools, and homes. For example, AI helps doctors find diseases faster and give students personal study plans.

In companies, AI makes jobs easier and helps workers save time. Some people think AI is useful because it will take people’s jobs, but others believe it will create new opportunities for humans.

AI is growing quickly, and it will continue to change the future.

📰 The Wisdom in-> of Hanok Architecture

김가은 2025년 10월 21일

Hanok, the traditional Korean house, shows the wisdom of ancestors-> our ancestors who lived in harmony with nature.

The ondol keeps rooms warm in winter, and the maru lets cool air flow in-> in during summer.

Made from wood, clay, and paper, hanok is eco-friendly and helps control humidity.

The wide eaves block sunlight and rain, while the curved roof softens the wind.

Sitting on the maru, people can feel the breeze and seasons.

Hanok is a home where people and nature live together.

Title

Green Lessons Under City Trees

Subtitle

Learning about nature in the middle of the city

By

Chat GPT, 박광영

Date

October 16, 2025

Lead sentence

Many cities run environmental programs in urban parks to teach students about nature and sustainability.

Detail

In Seoul, these programs include tree planting and insect surveys that help students understand real environmental issues.

Quote

“Students who planted trees felt more connected to nature,” said Ms. Lee, an education coordinator.

Conclusion

More and more programs are being offered in urban parks, and I wonder if the number of participants is rising.

I would like to know how many people participate each year in these programs.

Do you think these programs attract many students or only a few?

Title: Bee Bus Stops in the Netherlands

Subtitle: How a Dutch City is Helping Bees While Waiting for the Bus

By: Nakyung Park

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead sentence:

In the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands, bus stops are becoming bee-friendly places to help pollinators and make the city greener.

Detail 1:

The city of Utrecht has built more than 300 bus stops with green roofs covered with sedum plants and wildflowers. These “bee bus stops” are made to attract bees, butterflies, and other insects by giving them flowers and small homes in the city. For example, the green roofs help insects live safely and make the city more beautiful.

These bus stops helps bees and people who waiting for the bus.

Detail 2:

The green roofs are not only good for insects but also for the environment. They can catch dust from the air, hold rainwater, and make the air cooler in hot weather. The cost is paid by the company that runs the bus stops, so the city does not need to spend much money.

The project also make the city more clean and healthy.

Interview (human interest):

We asked a worker from the city’s transport team:

Q: Why did you choose bus stops for this idea?

A: “Bus stops are easy to see, and many people use them every day. It’s a good way to show that nature can be part of city life.”

Q: How do people feel about them?

A: “Many people say they like the green roofs and think more about bees now.”

He say he hopes more cities will try this project soon.

Conclusion:

In short, the bee-friendly bus stops in Utrecht show that even small changes can help both nature and people. They give bees a home, clean the air a little, and make the city nicer to live in.

My question and opinion: Do you think these bus stops can also help reduce fine dust or make the air cleaner? I think they might not solve the whole problem, but they are a good start for a greener city.

Title: Bee Bus Stops in the Netherlands

Subtitle: How a Dutch City is Helping Bees While Waiting for the Bus

By: Nakyung Park

Date: October 21, 2025

Lead sentence:

In the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands, bus stops are becoming bee-friendly places to help pollinators and make the city greener.

Detail 1:

The city of Utrecht has built more than 300 bus stops with green roofs covered with sedum plants and wildflowers. These “bee bus stops” are made to attract bees, butterflies, and other insects by giving them flowers and small homes in the city. For example, the green roofs help insects live safely and make the city more beautiful.

These bus stops help bees and people who are waiting for the bus.

Detail 2:

The green roofs are not only good for insects but also for the environment. They can catch dust from the air, hold rainwater, and make the air cooler in hot weather. The cost is paid by the company that runs the bus stops, so the city does not need to spend much money.

The project also makes the city cleaner and healthier.

Interview (human interest):

We asked a worker from the city’s transport team:

Q: Why did you choose bus stops for this idea?

A: “Bus stops are easy to see, and many people use them every day. It’s a good way to show that nature can be part of city life.”

Q: How do people feel about them?

A: “Many people say they like the green roofs and think more about bees now.”

He said he hopes more cities will try this project soon.

Conclusion:

In short, the bee-friendly bus stops in Utrecht show that even small changes can help both nature and people. They give bees a home, clean the air a little, and make the city nicer to live in.

My question and opinion: Do you think these bus stops can also help reduce fine dust or make the air cleaner? I think they might not solve the whole problem, but they are a good start for a greener city.

​The Hidden History and Global Impact of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Made by 이동준 (Dongjun Lee)

Date October 16, 2025

Imagine a material so non-stick and durable that it revolutionized everything from cookware to space travel. It was the invention of Teflon, built on a chemical backbone known as PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances). These miracle compounds, defined by the incredibly strong carbon-fluorine bond, are resistant to water, oil, and heat. But this very strength has a terrible downside: PFAS almost never break down in nature. They are now everywhere—in our soil, water, and even in the blood of almost every person on Earth.

​1. The Birth of a "Miracle" and a Lie

​The story of PFAS began with an accidental discovery, leading to the creation of Teflon (PTFE). To manufacture Teflon, the chemical giant DuPont used a processing aid called PFOA (C8). Early internal studies on PFOA revealed its danger, showing it could cause enlarged livers and was fatal in high doses in animals. Worse, PFOA chemically mimics fatty acids, allowing it to spread and accumulate in human and animal bodies.

​Despite knowing this toxicity from as early as the 1960s, 'DuPont officials decided to continue manufacturing and dumping the toxic waste into the Ohio River.' (continued > continue) They actively hid the evidence for decades while promoting Teflon as a safe, revolutionary product. This deliberate cover-up allowed a local problem to balloon into a global crisis.

​2. A World Soaked in Forever Chemicals

​The contamination is massive and global. PFOA was detectable 'in every person's blood' sampled across the United States. (person's > person's or people's) This is because PFAS's stability and persistence are astonishing. They are used in countless consumer products: from fast-food wrappers and microwave popcorn bags (where they can leach into food) to waterproof clothing and dental floss.

​However, the primary exposure route for the public is contaminated drinking water, especially near manufacturing sites and military bases, where firefighting foam containing PFAS was frequently used. Scientific studies have linked PFOA exposure to serious health issues, including testicular and kidney cancer, thyroid disease, high cholesterol, and decreased immune response to vaccines. Companies are now attempting to replace older PFAS like PFOA with shorter-chain versions like GenX, but these too are proving to be persistent and highly mobile in the environment, leading to even wider contamination.

​Quote

​'The issue of PFAS exposure is an example of what happens when corporate profit is put before public health.' (profiting > profit)

​Conclusion

​Reducing exposure is currently the only real solution, often involving specialized filters like reverse osmosis. The story of PFAS reminds us that the quest for a "perfect" chemical often comes with a permanent cost. We must continue to push for better regulation and research to manage these "forever chemicals."

Hanok, the traditional Korean house, shows the wisdom of ancestors who lived in harmony with nature.

The ondol keeps rooms warm in winter, and the maru lets cool air flow in summer.

Made from wood, clay, and paper, hanok is eco-friendly and helps control humidity.

The wide eaves block sunlight and rain, while the curved roof softens the wind.

Sitting on the maru, people can feel the breeze and seasons.

Hanok is a home where people and nature live together.

Jongmyo Jeryeak is traditional Korean court music which perform during royal ancestral rituals at Jongmyo Shrine. It combines music and dance to honor the spirits of former kings and queens and reflects Confucian values and royal dignity.Talchum is a Korean mask dance that combines music, dance, and drama. It was performed by commoners to mock the upper class and express social criticism. Today, it represent Korea’s rich traditional culture and heritage.Pansori is a traditional Korean performance that combines singing, storytelling, and gestures. It is performed by one singer and a drummer playing a buk (drum). Pansori express deep emotions and moral lessons through powerful voices.

Detail 1: Growing trend of single-person households

In 2024, Korea passed 10.1 million single-person households for the first time, making up around 41.8 % of all households.

Among these, people in their 20s and 30s account for millions of households.

In Seoul and the surrounding region, single-person households made up about 34.3 % of all households by late 2023, up from 25.9 % in 2015.

This shift is driven by delayed marriage, lower birthrates, and an increased desire for independence.

Detail 2: Housing cost burdens and dependency on family

Many young solo dwellers struggle with high housing costs.

In non-metropolitan areas, about 25 % of young households are “residential poor,” meaning they spend a heavy share of their income on rent.

In Seoul, many young people find it difficult to pay their housing costs.

In surveys of young renters, 43.4 % had received financial support from their parents to cover housing costs at some point, and 35.6 % still did.

They also say that the government isn’t doing enough to help.

Also, in Seoul, the “housing poverty rate” for young single-person households was about 37.2 % in 2015.

A study shows that youths in single-person households in Seoul spend more on housing and feel a greater burden than those in other regions.

Interview / Quotation

“I pay almost half my monthly income on rent and still can’t save for a deposit. Without my parents’ help, I cannot afford to live here,”

said a 28-year-old solo renter in Seoul (interview conducted by a university newspaper).

Jongmyo Jeryeak is traditional Korean court music which perform during royal ancestral rituals at Jongmyo Shrine. It combines music and dance to honor the spirits of former kings and queens and reflects Confucian values and royal dignity.Talchum is a Korean mask dance that combines music, dance, and drama. It was performed by commoners to mock the upper class and express social criticism. Today, it represent Korea’s rich traditional culture and heritage.Pansori is a traditional Korean performance that combines singing, storytelling, and gestures. It is performed by one singer and a drummer playing a buk (drum). Pansori express deep emotions and moral lessons through powerful voices.

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대입과 관련된 많은 것들을 알게 된 유익한 시간이었습니다. 좋은 시간 갖게 해주신 양진영 선생님과 선배님들께 넘넘 감사드립니다!!