NAMA: IZZUL ARIFFIN BIN MOHD PAUZI 

CLASS: THM2422Ab 

NO MATRICS: 2020496288 

LECTURER:  MDM NORLAILA MAT TAHIR 

 

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS (2017 SECTION 1) KANUN KESEKSAAN 

1.       SUMMARIZES 5 FUNCTIONS OF LIVER 

Five functions of liver are production of bile, which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion. Second, production of certain proteins for blood plasma. Third, production of cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through the body. Fourth, conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage (glycogen can later be converted back to glucose for energy) and to balance and make glucose as needed. Lastly, Regulation of blood levels of amino acids, which form the building blocks of proteins. 

2.       Identify the roles and sources of thiamine (B1) and cobalamin (B12). State the consequences of these vitamins’ deficiency. 

The body needs thiamine(B1) is for breaking down sugar (carbohydrate) molecules from food creating certain neurotransmitters (brain chemicals) producing fatty acids synthesizing certain hormones. Thiamine can get from whole grains and fortified bread, cereal, pasta, and rice, trout, mussels, acorn squash, legumes, such as black beans and soybeans, seeds, nuts. Thiamine’s deficiency is weight loss, little or no appetite, memory problems or confusion, heart problems, tingling and numbness in the hands and feet, loss of muscle mass, poor reflexes. The body needs cobalamin (B12) creating new red blood cells, DNA synthesis, brain and neurological function, fat and protein metabolism. Cobalamin can get from clams, beef liver, salmon, beef, milk and yogurt. Cobalamin deficiency is vitamin B-12 deficiency usually causes a condition called megaloblastic anaemia. Symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency fatigue, weight loss, constipation, loss of appetite, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, memory problems, depression. 

 

NAME: NUR FARZANA BINTI AWALUDIN 

GROUP: THM2422CB 

NO MATRIX: 2020459558 

LECTURER: MDM NORLAILA MAT TAHIR 

PAST YEAR QUESTION (2019) 

 

QUESTION 2 

a)      Discuss FOUR (4) characteristics of a nutritious diet.  (10 marks) 

1.  Carbohydrates 
A vital source of energy, carbohydrates comprises about 60% of an individual’s diet. Most of your energy needs are met from carbohydrates.  Choose wisely from complex carbohydrate sources such as whole grains-wheat, millets, brown rice etc. 

2. Protein 
Protein is needed to assist your body to repair cells and make new ones. It is also essential for growth and development during the various stages of life. About 25% of daily calories should come from protein found in pulses like- moong dal, urad dhal and legumes like-kidney beans (rajma), black-eyed beans (lobia), and chickpeas (channa). Milk and milk products like -paneer, curd, and yoghurt are also a great source of protein. For the non-vegetarians, good sources include eggs, fish and lean meat. 

3. Fats 
Fats contribute to about 15% of daily caloric needs and are a major energy source. They are also vital for storing and providing vitamins and synthesize hormones. Some of the good sources of fats for one’s daily diet can come from polyunsaturated fats such as flax seeds, sunflower seed etc., monounsaturated fats such as olive oil, sesame oil etc., and saturated fats such as butter, and ghee – however, remember to use these in moderation. 

4. Vitamins and Minerals 
Micronutrients - vitamins and minerals support metabolism, nerve and muscle function, bone maintenance and cell production. Fruits and vegetables are the major sources of vitamins and minerals including potassium, iron, folate, vitamin A and vitamin C. 

 

 QUESTION 3 

a) State FIVE (5) systems in a human body. (5 marks) 

- Respiratory system 

- Excetory system 

- Urinary system 

- Central nervous system 

- Reproductive system 

 

 b) Discuss any TWO systems in human body.  (5 marks) 

 

Respiratory system 

-The respiratory is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide. 

 

Reproductive system 

-The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system.