Native American Research by Meadow Troisi https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf Treaties/Broken Treaties en-us 2023-10-02 12:00:38 UTC 2023-11-22 03:07:21 UTC hello@padlet.com The Treaty of Fort Laramie- 1868 (Fort Laramie, in present-day Wyoming) mtroisi2 https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728438867 After hundreds of land disputes between the Native Sioux and White Settlers in the American West, a treaty was finally proposed in 1851 in order to put an end to them. In this treaty the Natives were to be relocated to the Black Hills from their land that was initially promised to them. The Natives also promised to not attack any White Settlers or Railroads. However, the treaty did have many shortcomings and this resulted in continued violence. Because of this, a second Treaty of Fort Laramie was signed in 1868. This gave the Sioux all of the Dakota territory west of the Missouri River. However, white gold miners still were settling in the territory.

The reason I put that image of this Native American is because he played an important part in this Treaty. His name was Red Cloud and he was the one who signed the treaty.

Sources:
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/fort-laramie-treaty]]> 2023-10-02 12:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728438867 the Treaty of Paris 1783 mtroisi2 https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728439445 This agreement, which the American colonies and Great Britain signed on September 3, 1783, put an end to the American Revolution and recognized the United States as an independent country. The Treaty of Paris was devastating for the majority of Native American tribes in the Ohio Valley and Mississippi Valley. They had no allies they could enlist to aid them in resisting American expansion since Britain was no longer in the picture.
Link, Link ]]> 2023-10-02 12:05:18 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728439445 Treaty of Fort Pitt- 1778 (western Pennsylvania) jlawrence121 https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728440891 An agreement between the United States and Native American nation. Both sides agreed to support each other against the British. Militiamen from pennsylvania then kill 100 Lenape mistaking them for being responsible for attacking white settlers. More and more white settlers then moved onto lenape territory, until treaty of greenville, 1795.
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]]> 2023-10-02 12:06:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728440891 Treaty of Canandaigua/Pickering Treaty/Calico Treaty- 1794 (Canandaigua, New York) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442336 The Grand Council of the Six Nations and President George Washington, speaking on behalf of the United States of America, signed the Treaty of Canandaigua, also known as the Pickering Treaty and the Calico Treaty, following the American Revolutionary War. The Mohawk and Cayuga went to Canada over time, and the Oneida settled in Wisconsin and Ontario as the Six Nations' land was further diminished. In contrast, the Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora, and some Oneida stayed in New York on reservations. This treaty was signed on November 11, 1794, by George Washington. I put this video because the woman is giving more details on the treaty of Canandaigua.
Link ]]> 2023-10-02 12:07:34 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442336 Treaty of Greenville- 1795 (Ohio) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442653  The 1795 Treaty of Greenville attempted to put a stop to the fighting that had spread to the Great Lakes. Although not unanimously supported by all tribes, it was a flawed deal that established Indian territories and at least temporarily stopped hostilities. However, the agreement was quickly unenforceable due to American expansion. I picked this picture to show what area was being talked about and how large it was.
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]]> 2023-10-02 12:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442653 Treaty of Fort Wayne- 1809 (Fort Wayne, Indiana Territory) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442996
Negotiated by then governor of indiana territory, William Henry Harrison, the United States acquired 2.5 million acres of land in what is now Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Ohio. Native Americans argued that the treaty’s signers had no authority to sell the land and warned Americans not to settle there. In 1811, Harrison led an attack on a Native American camp on the Tippecanoe River, beginning a new U.S.-Native conflict that would last through the War of 1812. 

]]> 2023-10-02 12:08:05 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728442996 Indian Removal Act- 1830 (western Mississippi) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728443229 This act, signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830 in order to "strengthen the southwestern frontier" (according to Jackson), gave permission to the President to exchange land with the Native Americans in any US state or territory, and their removal at the West of the Mississippi River. This resulted in over 60,000 Native Americans being evicted from their homes.

The image above shows congressional debates about the act. I put it there because it was historically important as it led to the act being passed in congress.

Sources:
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program//bib/ourdocs/indian.html#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Removal%20Act%20was,many%20resisted%20the%20relocation%20policy.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/indian-removal-act/]]> 2023-10-02 12:08:16 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728443229 Treaty of New Echota- 1835 (Georgia) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728443410
In the late 1820s, the Native Cherokee Tribe occupied almost all of northwestern Georgia. The Treaty of New Echota in 1835 removed the Cherokee Tribe from their 7 million acre territory to the West. The Cherokee tribe was given $5 million and land in Oklahoma. As a result, thousands of Cherokee members were forcefully evicted from their lands.

I put the picture above because it shows the Native Americans being forcefully removed from their homeland, which I think is quite cruel.

Sources:
https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2016/12/29/treaty-new-echota-and-trail-tears#:~:text=The%20agreement%20led%20to%20the,million%20acres%20of%20ancestral%20land.

https://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/tih-georgia-day/treaty-of-new-echota/
]]> 2023-10-02 12:08:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728443410 Treaty of Fort Industry 1805 (western frontier) nzenatti https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728484540 The Treaty of Fort Industry was signed on July 4, 1805. Made representatives of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Ojibwe, Munsee, Lenape, Potawatomi, and Shawnee relinquish one-half million acres of land south of Lake Erie and west of the Cuyahoga River in northeastern Ohio. This land was made into part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. In return the United States government agreed to make payments of one thousand dollars each year to the Wyandot, Munsee, Lenape, and Shawnee nations. The Ottawa, Ojibwe (Chippewa), and Potawatomi groups then living along the Huron River received a payment of four thousand dollars and six yearly payments of two thousand dollars.
Link]]> 2023-10-02 12:36:40 UTC https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728484540 Treaty of Hopewell - 1785-86 (northwestern South Carolina) mtroisi2 https://padlet.com/mtroisi2/ri9jgwudkxtvzibf/wish/2728486549 This agreement, which is collectively referred to as the Treaty of Hopewell, extended American friendship and "protection" to Native American tribes in the South. All three concluded, "The hatchet shall be forever buried, and peace was given by the United States of America."  This agreement put an end to the Native Americans' protracted involvement in the Revolutionary War after they had made friends with the British and established boundaries, trade, peace, and enduring friendship. The picture is a little hard to see but it's an image of the treaty of Hopewell and what was concluded in the treaty.
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