https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g Courtship and Mating Behaviors of Beef Cattle en-us 2018-02-28 18:06:18 UTC 2023-03-15 02:58:00 UTC hello@padlet.com gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238930552 While yearling bulls have the highest number of mounts, and services, they have the lowest numbers when it comes to the number of estrus females serviced. They also have the lowest pregnancy rate overall. As the bulls get older the number of mounts decreases, but the percentage of estrus females serviced increases along with the overall pregnancy rate percentage. Bulls that are three years or older have the lowest number of mounts, but they have the highest percentages when it comes to the pregnancy rates of serviced females, and the overall pregnancy rates.]]> 2018-03-06 22:40:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238930552 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238933016 The biggest sign that a cow is in estrus is that it stands to be mounted. This is also called standing heat. The average time for standing heat to last is from 15-18 hours. Cows that move away when they are mounted by a bull or another female are not in standing heat. A cow that is in estrus usually stands to be mounted 30-55 times during her estrus period.
https://extension.psu.edu/heat-detection-and-timing-of-insemination-for-cattle ]]> 2018-03-06 22:50:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238933016 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238934247 One of the secondary signs of estrus is rub marks. When a cow dismounts another another cow, she slides down the tail head and rump. This leaves rub marks on the cow. Dirt and manuer on the flanks of the cow from the hooves of other cows riding them are a good indication of estrus.
Another secondary sign of estrus is mucus coming from the vulva. This mucus dries quickly so dried mucus on the tail, flanks, or legs is a good indicator as well. 
http://www.selectsires.com/programs/images/Brochures/pdf/SecondarySignsofEstrus_Web.pdf?version=20170404]]> 2018-03-06 22:56:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238934247 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238955173 This video describes the many different ways that you can detect heat (estrus) in a beef cattle herd. ]]> 2018-03-07 00:47:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238955173 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238956583 Bulls use olfactory and vision to detect which cows are sexually receptive. Cows in heat attract the attention of bulls by displaying such visual cues as mounting, being mounted or a posture involving arching of the back and elevation of the tail. Once bull is with cow, the bull sniffs the vulva to determine whether the cow in in heat.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0093691X76901059]]> 2018-03-07 00:53:34 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238956583 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238962419 The bull in this picture is exhibiting the Flehmen Response. This allows the bull to smell the pheromones that are release when a cow is in heat. The bull curls back his upper lip, exposing his front teeth, and holding this position for several seconds.
http://www.pbase.com/image/154633642]]> 2018-03-07 01:16:51 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238962419 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238992285 A- Chemical or Olfactory communication
B- Visual communication
C- Auditory communication
D- Tactile communication
E- Motor clues (Posture and movement)
https://www.slideshare.net/rhfayed/reproductive-behaviour-1sexual-behaviour-in-animals]]> 2018-03-07 04:01:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238992285 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238996483 One way of detecting estrus is done by painting a mark on the tail head of the cow. When the cow stands to be mounted the paint will be rubbed off or smeared. This allows the farmer to be able to tell when the cow is in heat. ]]> 2018-03-07 04:29:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238996483 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238996906 This device is placed on/above the tailhead of the cow. It starts off white and changes color when the cow has stood to be mounted. This allows the farmer to get a better idea of when the cow is in heat without constantly having to watch the herd.
http://www.bairnsley.com/Breeding%20-%20Heat%20Detection.htm ]]> 2018-03-07 04:33:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/238996906 gtomlin https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/239202321 If one yearling bull is put out to pasture, there could possibly be decreased early season conception rates. Social dominance in pastures with more than one bull can cause problems. If older bulls have been used more than two breeding seasons, they have a tendency to become territorial and may spend more time fighting and defending their territory than servicing cows. Observation is key when dealing with mating behavior of cattle. In situations where it is possible to rotate groups of young bulls with the cow herd, this should be utilized. As single yearling bulls should not run with cattle for longer than 70 days. Ideally a 60-90 day breeding season is best to ensure similar calf ages and weights at weaning. 1 in 5 beef bulls are questionable or unsatisfactory as a breeding bull. 
(Page 111-113)]]> 2018-03-07 15:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gtomlin/rhpzyms4qo4g/wish/239202321