DIET- fish, krill and squid, water

ENVIROENMENT - oceans and the coast, they need a lot of space to roam around, different species prefer warmer climates compared to others. a penguins environment should have Land space - enough land mass to accommodate the number of birds housed in the exhibit which allows for territorial disputes and provides areas for nesting during the breeding season, Pool for swimming and bathing; Isolation area - separate area to house birds that need to be isolated for forced pairing, behavioural, both parent and hand rearing of chicks, and non-contagious health problems. Quarantine area - separate facility to accommodate newly-acquired birds or birds that must be separated from the group for health-related reasons. This area should provide separate air and water systems from the main exhibit.

HEALTH AND DISEASE- take penguin to the vet at the zoo, clean out enclosure.

BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS- they court each other and visual and vocal displays, they swim and feed in groups

HOUSING- travel in pairs of 5 to 20, can only be in groups with the same species of penguin.

Diet- For a cow their suitable diet is to have a mixture of silage, corn, different grains, forages, grass and supplements, this is a suitable diet for a cow as it controls the growth and nutrition for cows, their diet is mostly based on the nutrients they take and micronutrients to maintain a healthy and suitable diet.

Suitable environment- For cows it is important that they have a good pasture with shelter and shade, and to have a dry lying area, this allows cows to have space to graze and lots of room to have to get out and not be enclosed with other cows and have that space to move around, in winter it is also important that when the fields are getting bad and mucky they be brought into the shed so they don't get sick out in cold and wet weather.

Health- This is important as health for a cow is that diary cows that produce milk to keep in good health to keep them happy and produce more milk or higher quantity and also enhances the health of human and our environment too, it is important for a cows that produce milk to have good health as their milk is mostly based on their intake of nutrients and that will maintain their health to make sure that the milk they produce is full in protein and higher milk percentage.

Behaviour- Positive behaviour from cows will lead to a good relaxed herd of cows and therefore will be easier to handle, this is important as you don't want your herd of cows getting under stress if they aren't getting a good diet or not being able to get outside in fresh air or even to have a run about in a field.

Housed with or apart from other animals- This is important as it minimises the social tensions of cows or different conflicts between individual cows, its important that cows are around their on species to feel more comfortable and feeling more happy being around there own, also you can also put cows and sheep out in fields together as this increases biodiversity and boost performance.

Ball python

Suitable environment - Minimum size of 4x2x2ft terrestrial enclosure. Basking area of between 32-33 degrees Celsius. T5 UVB 6% bulb. Providing a cool and hot hide and climbing implements such as cork bark or bamboo root. A suitable substrate such as aspen, lignocel or beech chips. A ball python will also require a large water bowl large enough for them to be able to bathe and soak, they tend to do this during shed as it helps loosen the skin and aid with shedding.

Diet - Under UK law it is illegal to feed live food to a snake, therefore you need to feed frozen thawed. Feed such as mice, rats, chicks and multimammates should be fed to the snake, sizing up the food product as the snake grows. Ball pythons should be fed every 10-14 days and a bowl of fresh water provided at all times for drinking and bathing purposes. If the ball python does not strike you can leave the prey within the enclosure overnight close to the warm side as to provide the prey item with a heat source so that the snake can use its heat pits to sense it. The snake may then strike and eat the prey item overnight, although some ball pythons may not eat while in shed.

Protected from injury and disease - By providing a safe and secure vivarium, for example using a heat guard on the heat bulb as, ball pythons like to climb and can and will wrap themselves around the bulb. Providing mite treatment if required. Providing adequate Foliage around the enclosure such as cork bark that the snake is able to use to help shed its skin, making sure to check the shed is whole and the eye caps are off as these can be retained and cause issues with sight. Making sure the enclosure is secure so the ball python can not escape, as they can get harm while out with their enclosure, and will be without adequate heat. As a ball python is a cold blooded species they can not produce their own body heat and rely on the heat being provided through their environment.

To exhibit natural behaviours - By providing adequate space to the snake to move around the enclosure, providing warm and cold hides for the snake to use to hide when required. By allowing the snake to show natural feeding habits such as striking their prey and coiling around, this can be done by tong feeding the snake and once they have struck, shaking the tongs briefly to recreate the struggle of the prey item.

Appropriate housing social/ non social - Ball pythons are solitary animals and as such should be housed separately. Housing ball pythons together could lead to injury as they would be competing for a space and food.

Environment - a large pool of water at least 80m in length with a surface area of 500m and a depth of between 1-4m minimum. Water temperature is usually on the cooler side but they can regulate their own body temperature to withstand cool or hot temps. Need plenty of foliage near and on water, substrate of gravel and rocks. Provide fallen logs, twigs and leaves in pool of water. Need room to burrow with a home-range of 2-11km.

Diet - consists of aquatic insect larvae and nymphs, and bottom dwelling crustaceans such as mayfly, freshwater shrimps and worms. They need a high volume, nursing females need 100% more of their body weight a day.

Health - Will need a water filter to run water to keep clean, take to appropriate zoological vet if in need of treatment. Use other aquatic creatures to clean the water

Natural behaviours - space to burrow and hide to raise their young. Need gravel to chew food, need opportunities to forage, will need instream logs for rest and shelter. Will need opportunities to dive.

Housing - platypi are solitary that should be housed individually, although in the wild they may share same body of water. Should only be housed together if its a mother and her pups. Males will fight with other males for dominance and territory, it is especially dangerous to house them because of their venomous spurs.

Scarlet Macaw

Suitable environment:

Scarlet macaws are bigger than your average pet bird, so they will need a big area for their enclosure, preferably a small aviary. In this aviary, they will need constant access to water and plenty of perches to sit on. You could also give macaws toys, so they can chew and get their beak strength, plus macaws like to destroy everything. The aviary should obviously be taller than wide, but still give them plenty of space to spread their wings. If the aviary is made from wood, they could possibly chew there way out, but it’s not likely.

Suitable diet:

Macaws are herbivores, so their diet only consists of fruits and veggies, in the wild they would eat a variety of seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, leaves and other vegetation. They should be fed twice a day on a mixture of dried fruits, seeds and nuts all put into a bowl; certain nuts can be used as a treat. Chocolate and avocados are poisonous to macaws.

Behaviour:

Macaws are very talkative and noisy, they love to squak and mimic noises, they love chewing on anything that they consider a toy. A common behaviour that has been observed in the bird is that they present one side of their face slowly moving their heads to present the other side. If you mimic the same action, the parrot responds in a friendly way. Macaws can be nippy, especially to new people.

Housed with or without a companion:

It’s important to remember that all macaws are different, and some macaws cannot be around other birds. There are exceptions though, and it may be possible to keep macaws in the same cage under certain circumstances. If your macaws have been raised together from a young age, they may be able to get along and live in the same cage without fighting, but even this could suddenly change one day. It’s normal for macaws to nip at each other from time to time, but it’s highly possible that this could escalate.

Health:

If your macaw suffers an injury, a normal vet might not be able to help, a macaw might have to be taken to a vet that speicalises with exotic animals. A macaws aviary/ enclosure will need to be cleaned out daily as macaws can be very messy.

Suitable Diet - Dogs require a protein fat and carb heavy diet, their diet should also include dog safe fruits and Vegetables for necessary vitamins and minerals with a balanced fibre intake as too much fibre can cause the dog to have issues with constipation and gas.

To protect from health and disease - You should get new born pups vaccinated as soon as possible and keep unvaccinated dogs away from other dogs, you should keep up to date with your dogs deworming and de-fleaing treatment, making sure to clean their toys and bed if another dog in the household is sick.

Exhibiting natural Behaviours - Dogs require to be allowed to forage and sniff their environment as well as digging, barking, growling, chasing and licking things.

Appropriate Housing - Dogs are capable of being housed alone or with another dog however if a male dog is unuttered and is living with an unspayed female or a neutered dog they may be aggressive and territorial or get the female dog pregnant, they can also be housed with cats however it circumstantial if they will get along or not, animals that are in the same house and are smaller then a cat you should be mindful of the the two animals to avoid the dog eating the smaller animal.

Environment-

The suitable environmental needs that a Long-tailed tit requires would be dense woodland, shrubs, bushes, farmland, hedgerows and parks and gardens. they can also be found near water sources.

Diet-

A Long tailed tit requires a diet of invertebrates and insects, which consists of spiders and caterpillars. During winter, they also may feed on seeds from garden feeders.

Behavioural patterns-

A long-tailed tits behavioural patters can include flocking, singing and calling / vocalization to one another, roosting for warmth during cold nights and moving from branch to branch foraging for food and during summer, carrying food back and fourth to the nest.

Housing-

It is illegal to own a Long-tailed tit in the UK. as the long tailed tit is a very sociable bird, they need to be in the presence of other Long-tailed tits, sometimes staying within the same family until ready to mate.

Disease-

a recently discovered bacterium called Suttonella ornithocola affects the British Tit family, Long-tailed tits being one of them. This bacterium causes a lung infection which is transmitted by aerosol or airborne infection. Since this is a newly discovered disease, there is no known cure or prevention. If you have a feeding station, it needs to be cleaned regularly to ensure that any diseases cant be spread. if the feeder gets uncleanable, it needs to be put in a bag and disposed in the bin and a new one put back in its place.