One of the materials are Metals such as copper, zinc and steel are used. Another material is that it has a waxy ground covering the plate.

Cost:

£150-200

Advantages:

The advantage of Etching is that it is time-consuming, which mean you cant make a lot at one time and will be a slow process.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage of Etching is that you can't correct mistakes easily, which can make you produce a bad quality of printing that won't allow you to sell for a lot of money.

The materials used in Intaglio is wax, a needle and a ackd surface. The wax is used on the surface so that you can draw into the surface with your design. The needle is used to carve the design into the wax, which allows you to have a lot of detail in your design. The acid surface is used as a surface for the print, which is covered in the wax that you carve into.

Cost:

£10-40

Advantages:

The advantage of intaglio is that it prints a lot at one time, which saves time and allows you to print a variety of designs. Also, another advantage is that the playes in the machine lasts a long time, which allows you to save money, as it will be realiable and will only need to spend money on materials.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage of intaglio is that mistakes are easily made, which can cause the prints to look unprofessional and you might not be able to sell them.

The materials used in Screen printing is cutting tools, printing ink and fabric. The cutting tools are used to cut your design out. The printing ink is used to produce your image onto fabric. The fabric is used to be printed on with your design.

Cost:

The cutting tools could cost around £5 which could give you a avriety of tools. the fabric could cost £7 depemding on the size of it to print the image on. The ink can cost £3.50 per screen to be able to print the images. So overall, it will cost around £15.50, which is a cheap method of printing.

Advantage:

The advantage of screen printing is that it allows you to make multiple prints before reapplication of ink, which can save time. Another advantages is that it is a quick way of printing which allows you to print a lot in a sort space of time.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage of screen printing is that images have to be simple for screen printing, which restricts you from being creative with designs.

The materials used in Woodcut are wooden blocks, knives and a spatula. The wooden blocks are used as the print to create the design. The knives are used to be able to carve the wooden blocks and make different images on the wood making Woodcut. The spatula is used to mix the ink that will create the colour in the wooden blocks.

Cost:

A cut of wood used  for the carving of your design could cost as little as £5 for a small piece of maple wood. A set of knives can cost around £3.50 which will allow you to carve detailed designs into the wood. A spatula can cost £3.00 for mixing the ink to create the print onto materials. Overall, it will cost around £11.50 to make a Woodcut print.

Advantages:

The advantages of woodcutting is that you can use cheap materials to get a good quality print from the wood. It also gives good tight detail within the wood as you will use accurate tools and can be very clean and clear in the wooden materials.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage of Woodcut is that it is hard to control when you are carving your design into the wooden material. Another disadvantage to Woodcut is that although the print can last a long time it tends to crack with age, which shows it isn't that durable.

The materials used in Litography are oil, fat, and wax. The oil is used as water and oil dont mix which creates different patterns on to your design. The fat is used to react with the lime stone to create a soapy surface to your design. The wax is used to drawn on your design, as it's used as a crayon to set the design on to the limestone.

Cost:

The cost of Lithography can be expensive as you are using complex materials to make your print, which can cost you around $100,000 to make.

Advantages:

The advantage of the Lithography printing is that it is a very fast making process and will allow you to make more than one design at one, which saves a lot of time.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage of the printing is that the materials are complex to use, so you would have to be experience when making it, as it could turn out to be poor quality and you won't be able to sell it for a lot of money.

The materials used in Letterpress printing are ink, brushes and gauge pins. The ink is used to print your design into the raised image on the material. The brushes are used to paint the ink into the raised design. The gauge pins are used to stop the paper from moving when the design is being raised, which allows the design to be sharp and professional.

Cost:

£150

Advantages:

The advantage of letterpress is that the raised image can be re-inked and used again, which saves you the amount of material used and saves money.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage with letterpress is that it's very time-consuming, which restricts you fro. Making a large amount of prints. Also, a disadvantage is that the fonts and styles are limited, so it can restrict you from being creative and unique with your designs.

The materials used in Gravure is ink and paper. The ink is used to be able to print your design using different colours. The paper is the material used to print your design onto, which allows the print to be of good quality.

Cost:

This type of printing can cost a lot of money, as you would have a lot of technical machines making prints that can produce a lot of designs. It can all cost around $1 million from the amount of materials used and the machines used to make the prints.

Advantage:

The advatages of gravure is that the machines are Long-running, which can allow you to produce a lot lf designs. It also allows you to produce a good quality of colour, which makes your designs look professional and makes people want to buy the product.

Disadvantages:

The disadvantage of this type of printing is that It is really expensive to produce, which only allows people or companies with a lot of money to use this type of printing.

The different materials used in the screen process is a frame, printing mesh, stencils and ink. the grame ks used to hold your design in place to make it more sturdy. The printing mesh is used in the frame, which your design will be cut out on to print the design. The stencil is what your design will be printed on, which is placed under the screen. The ink is used to create you design and is spreaded onto the screen to create your design onto the stencil underneath.

Cost:

The wooden fame for the printing would cost around £13 to hold the screen. The screening mesh that will cut out your design in would cost around £5. The stencils used under the printing mesh would cost around £5. Finally, the ink would cost around £10 to print your designs onto the stencil. So overall, it would cost around £33 to create a design using the screen process.

Advantage:

The advantage od the screen process is that the process will last years so you can still create design without it not working, as it doesnt use technology.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage of the screen process is that the ink must be pushed through the screens, which can take a lot of work and can be time-consuming, as you can't do more than one at a time.

The materials used in photocopying are paper and ink. The paper is used as a material for the design to be printed on to. The ink is used to create your designs and print them on to the material, which ks paper.

Cost:

£30

Advantage:

The advantage with photocopying is that they make large amounts at once of printing, which can save time and allows you print a variety of different designs at once.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage with photocopying is that it will takes up a lot of space, which means that you won't be able to have a lot lf these machines, which could take you a lot of time to print a lot of designs.

The materials used in laser printing is paper and toners. The paper is used to print your design onto as it is prints well onto paper. The toners are used to create your design and prints it onto the paper and allows a variety of colours to be printed.

Cost:

£10-15

Advantage:

The advantage of the laser printer is that it's noiseless, so you could have a lot kf theses machine, which could print a lot to save time and it wouldnt make a sound, which cannmake it easier to do.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage with a laser printer is that it's quite an expensive machine, so it could restrict you from buying the materials as you would need more money to print your designs.

The materials used in an inkjet is paper and ink. The paper is used to print your designs on to and the ink is used to create your designs with different colours.

Cost:

£60-120

Advantage:

The advantage with an imkjet is that it is cheap to buy, so you would only be using the moe y on ink and paper to create designs.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage with an inkjet is that it needs special paper to work, which will cost alot just for the materials to make your design.

The materials used in Desktop Publishing are a computer and a publisher programmer. The computer is used to access the publisher and makes it digital printing. The publisher programmer is used to be able to publish your designs, as without it you couldn't do the digital printing.

Cost:

£50

Advantage:

The advantage with DTP it that its not expensive to use and if you already have a computer it is a cheap way to print your designs.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage with DTP is that you need to have knowledge on the program, which means you can be restricted with your creativity if you can't use very well and could look unprofessional.

The materials used in Digital screen printing are ink, frame and chemicals. The ink is used to print your designs onto the t-shirts in a variety of colours. The frame is used to keep the material still, so the print will come out accurately and will look professional. The chemicals are used to set the image onto the material and allows it to be washed and doesn't come of once on the material.

Cost:

$45

Advantage:

The advantage od digital screen printing is that it can print different templates, which allows you to be creative with your designs and you can show your different skills.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage of digital screen printing is that it's not always good quality, which can cause your designs to look unprofessional and people won't want to buy them.

-You need to know about chromolithography to make multi-colour prints

-Off-set lithography is a printing method used mostly on books and newspapers

Costs:

$100,000 to produce and make

Speed aesthetic considerations:

It doesn't take that long to produce but the materials are complex to use so you need to have knowledge on the materials.

Technical considerations:

It is complex to use the wax, oils and fat to make the printing.

What uses they have today, and through history:

-You can use lithography on books, newspapers and magazines

-Lithography was created in 1796, as a cheap way of publishing theatrical works

You need to make sure the ink is printed on properly as the quality wont be as bold. You need to know how to process the ink on the frame to make a sharp print.

Costs:

$10-40 to pay for the stencils and ink

Speed aesthetic considerations:

It can be done very quickly as it is a simple method of printing.

Technical considerations:

A number of screens can be used to make different designs

What uses the have today, and through history:

The screen process was introduced in 1907, ehich was credited by Andy Warhol.

It now can be used to make t-shirt designs, posters or stickers.

-You will need to know how to change and use the toner

-How to change the design and layout

Costs:

About £30 including the ink and the paper

Speed aesthetic considerations:

A photocopier can print a lot at a time so it is fast and effective to use.

Technical considerations:

You will have to know how to print to different layouts on paper.

What uses they have today, and through history:

It was used to make large copies of paper in 1938 for newspapers. It is still used for magazines and newspapers today and with everyday use.

London based printing centre

Press Output speed: 86,000 cph

Web width: 1260mm

Cut-off: 470mm

Pagination: GPC's specially built MAN Colorman presses can handle 8pp to 80pp full Berliner full colour in a single pass or 16pp to 160pp half Berliner full colour in a single pass.

http://www.theguardian.com/gpc/press-capabilities

Heatworld.com,
Endeavour House,
189 Shaftesbury Avenue,
London WC2H 8JG.

-You will have to create a plate which puts the ink on the paper.

-The paper runs through 4 press' so that there's one for each colour

-After they are printed they are cut and stapled together

-Finally they are ready to go and be put on the shelves

Edinburgh, Scotland

-The text is printed through a machine and cut down to size

-The cover is printed a laminated for protection

-The cover and text is printed separately and then bounded together

-The book will then be cut down to size

-You can print on different sized paper from A7 to A3 and landscape or portrait

-120 to 350g can be gloss or mac

-Can use different fabrics on leaflets

-Fixer the photograph for 1 minute

-Water rinse for 5 minutes

-Leave to dry so the process can complete

Step 1: You will need large potatoes, tea towel, acrylic paint, fruit knife, A4 paper, a t-shirt, newspaper and a hard nail.

Step 2: You will need to cut the potatoes in half and use a tea towel to keep the pototes dry.

Step 3: Reseach some designs for your potato.

Step 4: Create your potato designs and calve them into the potatoes with a hard nail or a fruit knife.

Step 5: Choose the colours of acrylic paint you would like to apply to your potatoes over your designs.

Step 6: You can now print your potato designs on A4 paper or a t-shirt by pressing hard on the materials to get the fulld esign to show.

Step 7: You will then leave the prints to dry for around 15-20 minutes.

Step 8: You can now show off your potato designs!

- You needed to be very creative with your ideas on your potato and required you to use different tool to create your ideas.

- You needed to know how to make the designs come out well on to the paper and t-shirt.

- You need to make the design even as it would allow the whole design to be printed out.

Costs

- Acrylic Paints - 99p

- Potatoes - £1.32

- Newspaper - £1

- Tea Towel - Free

- Hard Nail - Free

- Fruit Knife - Free

- A4 Paper - Free

Speed

9:00 - Briefed on how to do potato printing

9:45-10:00 - Start to peel potatoes

10:00-10:30 - Research and start to put designs on to our potatoes

10:30-11:00 - Break

11:00-11:30 - Finish off designing on our potatoes

11:30-12:30 - Start painting our potatoes and print on paper

12:30-13:30 - Lunch

13:30-14:30 - Finish painting our potatoes and leaving to dry

Any technical considerations

- The sponge was hard to cut to create our shapes for sponge printing.

- The leaves were easier to print as we didnt have to design them which was hard with the sponge and potato printing.

- The potato printing was hard to have the design fully be printed as i wasnt good at making my design.

What uses they have today & through history

- We use potato printing today for different crafts to be creative as people use them in pre-schools to educate children.

- People also use potato printing for t-shirt designs so it is used in fashion for people to buy.