·       L1 can serve as a valuable tool for ensuring students understand complex concepts.

·       Provides a quick means of clarification when students are struggling with instructions or content.

 2. Cultural Context:

 ·       L1 use allows for the incorporation of cultural context, aiding in a deeper understanding of language nuances.

 3. Building Rapport:

 ·       Using L1 at times helps in building rapport with students, making them feel more comfortable in the learning environment.

 4. Cognitive Relief:

 ·       Allowing occasional L1 use can reduce cognitive load, especially for beginners, fostering a positive learning experience.              

1. Language Immersion:

·       Overreliance on L1 may hinder students from fully immersing themselves in the target language.

2. Communication Skills:

·       Continuous L1 use might impede the development of students' communication skills in English.

3. Confusion:

·       Misuse of L1 can lead to confusion and a lack of focus on the target language.

4. Overdependence:

·       Students may become overdependent on L1, hindering their language learning autonomy.