- Harshavardhan Bapat

Hotspot is a technology which uses heat and Infrared cameras to detect The impact of an object using heat signatures.

Q.) What are the uses of hotspot technology in Cricket?

Hotspot has various uses in cricket. It makes the decisions more accurate and assists the umpires in making the game as fair as possible. It can be used to detect whether the batsman nicked the ball and hence help in making decisions regarding a LBW and caught behind.

Q.) When did it originate and when was it used first in cricket?

Hotspot originated as a military technique to detect tanks and fighter jets. It was first used in cricket in Gabba, Australia for the first match between England and Australia in the ashes series of 2006-07.

Q.)How does hotspot work?

In a match which uses the assistance of hotspot technology there are two Infrared cameras fixed on two opposite ends of the field. These cameras capture the interactions of the batsman with the ball. These images are then converted into negative images. the IR cameras which are fixed on the either side has a great function, because they have the capability to sense and measure any heat produced due to the friction generated by a collision. These are then used by the third umpire to check where the impact was and make the correct decision.

Q.)What are some drawbacks of Hotspot technology?

This technology is very expensive and sometimes also captures the heat o the air leading to inaccurate decisions.

-Mudit Gupta

- Harshavardhan Bapat

·  Do you know how it works?

·  Do you think it has been successful in improving the quality of decisions?

·  Do you think technology will make umpired obsolete in future?

·  Can you suggest ways of improving the current methods of decision making in cricket?

TARGET AUDIENCE

The survey is meant for a normal everyday cricket fan who watches cricket regularly. There is no clear age demographic though the younger audience will probably be more aware about technology and its advancements.

INFER
to get an idea about the awareness of the public about This technology and take ideas to improve the current system.

Target Audience - The survey is meant for the general public as not a lot of people are aware about the application of GPS in sports field. The survey will inroduces this concept and also takes the opinions of the general public about the usefulness and further advancements of the technology. Purpose - To get a general idea as to how much the general public is aware about the concept and also to receive some ideas as to how the technology can be further improved and advanced.

- RISHI KAUSHIK

http://www.loc.gov http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278363 http://www.gps.gov/systems/augmentations/

Journals - Institute of Navigation. Global positioning systems: papers published in navigation. Alexandra, VA, Institute of Navigation. 1984-1999. 7 v.

The Evolution of Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology, Sameer Kumar and Kevin B. Moore, Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 59-80

Books -

Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Edited by Elliott D. Kaplan. Boston, Artech House, c1996. 554 p. Hoffman-Wellenhof, B., H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins. Global positioning system: theory and practice. New York, Springer-Verlag, c2001. 382 p.

-RISHI KAUSHIK

- Harshavardhan Bapat

Inference - To understand how technology is applied in football in the form of GLT and discuss te pros and cons in introducing GLT in world football

- Harshavardhan Bapat

http://www.cricinfo.com/ciicc/content/story/393605.htm 

http://www.dreamcricket.com/community/blogs/cricgear/archive/2010/08/04/hot-spot- technology-gains- popularity.aspx 

Mark Kidger , The Physics of Cricket From hotspot to statistics

http://www.selex-es.com/-/slx-hawk-1

- RISHI KAUSHIK

LBW: Leg Before Wicket. adjudged by the umpire to be out through obstructing the ball with the leg (or other part of the body) rather than the bat, when the ball would otherwise have hit the wicket.

Infra Red: having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves. Infrared radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by heated objects.

Negative Image: In photography, anegative is animage, usually on a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film, in which the lightest areas of the photographed subject appear darkest and the darkest areas appear lightest.

Snickometer: ASnickometer, commonly known as Snicko, is used in televising cricket to graphically analyse sound and video, and show whether a fine noise, or snick, occurs as ball passes bat.

This technology is used by the help of 2 infrared cameras on either side of the ground, where they have the screens. The infrared cameras can detect heat and can therefore sense if there was any contact between the ball and the bat/pads.

The major drawback of this technology is that even air can give a result sometimes which may lead to a wrong decision. Also the cost of using this technology is very high and hence cant be used everywhere.

The author suggests that we should use a 360° camera fit in the middle of the cricket ball. The real time images provided would give better clarity and would also ensure that no ball tampering could take place.

What are the different ways in which GLT can be implemented? - So far, 3 different methods of implementing goal line technology have been invented, Hawk-Eye, GoalRef attachment and Cairos GLT system. 

Why was there such a debate about implementing goal line technology? - A couple of years ago one of the hottest topic in the footballing world was the usage of goal line technology in world football. Those opposing it felt there was no need to modernize the game and that the ambiguity in decisions was part of the game, especially since technology has already been implemented to some extent in referee decisions in the game. However in the end FIFA and Football Associations in Europe came to the decision to include goal line technology as it had the potential to resolve many disputes that have previously rocked the footballing world.

What are the advantages of GLT? - The results are more accurate than human observations and decisions - It is not effected by the weather such as when visibility is bad during a game - Since the decision is decided in an objective manner mechanically, there can be less dispute - If the football league adopts this proposal, then it may be able to send a trend for other leagues to follow - The challenges by different coaches can slow down the game with the referees having to watch replays repeatedly

What are the disadvantages of GLT? - Disadvantages: - The signals from the ball may be time consuming as well to verify that the ball in fact crossed the plane - There will still be the argument that technology is not completely reliable all of the time - Some older fans are more reluctant to trust technology at all in making those kind of major decisions - If something goes wrong with the technology before its perfected then there may be the chance that the major executives will not allow the technology to be perfected for a long time or potentially indefinitely - It may undermine the authority of the referees

- Harshavardhan Bapat

- Harshavardhan Bapat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8e_cdg0NDw

- Harshavardhan Bapat

- RISHI KAUSHIK

FUTURE The modification of the GPS technology in field sports can be done in three major areas: More integration of GPS data with fitness, physiological, tactical, or strategic data. Integration of GPS with other inertial sensor data. Further miniaturization of GPS devices for comfort of the player.

-RISHI KAUSHIK