Order Chiroptera by Aiden Coulter

White-winged Vampire Bat

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:50:03 UTC

Feast on blood
Bite the ankles of the prey to draw blood and has saliva that can dissolve blood clots
It is the only bat species in the world with 22 teeth
Adept at climbing branches

Megabat/Fruit Bat

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:54:25 UTC

Preys on fruit
Does not use echo location or at least uses it very rarely
Wingspan of 5.6 feet
Larger body size disrupts the flight-echolocation coupling and made echolocation too energetically expensive to be conserved in megabats

Hunting

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:54:54 UTC

Most bats hunt in packs
They are nocturnal hunters
Bats get most of their water from the food they eat; many species also drink from water sources like lakes and streams, flying over the surface and dipping their tongues into the water

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:56:39 UTC

Mating

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:56:54 UTC

For temperate living bats, mating takes place in late summer and early autumn. Tropical bats may mate during the dry season. In hibernating species, males are known to mate with females in torpor. Female bats use a variety of strategies to control the timing of pregnancy and the birth of young, to make delivery coincide with maximum food ability and other ecological factors.

Birthing

ac495 — 2018-06-04 17:58:32 UTC

For temperate living bats, births typically take place in May or June in the northern hemisphere; births in the southern hemisphere occur in November and December. Tropical species give birth at the beginning of the rainy season. In most bat species, females carry and give birth to a single pup per litter. At birth, a bat pup can be up to 40 percent of the mother's weight, and the pelvic girdle of the female can expand during birth as the two halves are connected by a flexible ligament. Females typically give birth in a head-up or horizontal position, using gravity to make birthing easier.

Little Brown Bat

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:00:16 UTC

Very common
Most diverse in North America
The bat has 38 teeth all of which, including molars, are relatively sharp, as is typical for an insectivore, and canines are prominent to enable grasping hard-bodied insects in flight

habitat

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:01:53 UTC

Apart from the high Arctic, the Antarctic and a few isolated oceanic islands, bats exist in almost every habitat on Earth. Tropical areas tend to have more species than temperate ones. Different species select different habitats during different seasons, ranging from seasides to mountains and deserts, but they require suitable roosts. Bat roosts can be found in hollows, crevices, foliage, and even human-made structures, and include "tents" the bats construct with leaves.

Wings

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:03:00 UTC

Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight
Semipermeable membrane between the forelimbs and body
Also between the fingers
Very elastic skin

Ears

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:04:55 UTC

Bats eyesight is very weak so it relies on echolocation to pinpoint its prey
The sounds are sent out then ping on objects and come back to the bats ears

Early stages

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:05:53 UTC

Early on bats were similar to squirrels where they didn't have wings of any kind
they hunted from the ground

Middle Stages

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:06:51 UTC

Were able to glide
Evolved to glide from tree to tree to hunt for there prey

Now

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:07:44 UTC

Fully able to fly and hunts during the night
Stays in the air mostly to hunt

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:10:54 UTC

Name of fossil: Onychonycteris finneyi

Age of fossil (give time period as well): Eocene period, 52.5 million years ago.

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:11:52 UTC

Name of fossil: Icaronycteris

Age of fossil (give time period as well): Eocene period, 52.5 million years ago.

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:12:34 UTC

Name of fossil: Archaeonycteris trigonodon

Age of fossil (give time period as well) Ypresian to the Lutetian, 55.8 to 40.4 million years ago.

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:13:05 UTC

Name of fossil:Palaeochiropteryx

Age of fossil (give time period as well)Middle Eocene 48 million years ago.

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:13:17 UTC

Name of fossil:Archaeonycteris storchi

Age of fossil (give time period as well):Ypresian to the Lutetian, 55.8 to 40.4 million years ago.

Divergent

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:15:56 UTC

Bats were similar until the middle stages where they had to go into different habitats. There was some divergent evolution in the early stages but once bats started to be able to glide and fly they could move around and migrate more.

Phylogenetic tree

ac495 — 2018-06-04 18:19:33 UTC


The different colors are for the divergent paths of the species of bats

Decent With Modification

ac495 — 2018-06-04 23:30:50 UTC

Bats show decent with modification with the adaptations of wings and what they can eat. The fossil records show how they went from land animals to being able to fly.

Natural Selection

ac495 — 2018-06-05 01:07:12 UTC

Bats without echolocation died off because they didn't have the eye sight to be able to hunt. Others like the fruit bat had acceptable eyesight so they don't use echolocation.

Gradual Evolution

ac495 — 2018-06-05 13:00:28 UTC

Phylogenetic and functional data suggest the inference that the hypothetical ancestor would have been nocturnal, insectivorous, arboreal, and a glider. The earliest known bats appear in the Eocene epoch, and had long tails and other primitive flight adaptations, but were generally similar to modern bats in most ways. We can infer that bats gradually evolved true flight from a gliding arboreal ancestor, possibly using the gliding membrane as a sort of "net" while the flight stroke evolved.

Body and Head

ac495 — 2018-06-05 13:03:29 UTC

All bats have very tiny teeth that are razor sharp. They can easily bite through the skin of fruits or prey. They also have a very long tongue that they use for eating, drinking, and pollination. They can roll that tongue up around their rib cage too when not using it.

Migrational Patterns

ac495 — 2018-06-05 13:11:36 UTC

Many species of bats move between summer and winter habitats. Some search for more abundant food sources in warmer locations, and others seek ideal habitats for hibernating in winter or raising young in summer. Most species that roost in trees, such as hoary bats, migrate south for winter when insects become scarce.

Random Mating

ac495 — 2018-06-05 13:17:07 UTC

During autumn 'swarming', large numbers of temperate bats chase each other in and around underground sites. Swarming has been proposed to be a mating event, allowing interbreeding between bats from otherwise isolated summer colonies. This ensures the genetic variation in bats.

Chromosomes

ac495 — 2018-06-05 18:13:27 UTC

Bats have around 12 chromosomes depending on the bat.

Internal

ac495 — 2018-06-05 18:16:16 UTC

Bats have one way valves in their arteries so prevent the blood from flowing backwards. This is why they are able to hang upside down with the blood rushing to their heads.

Embryology

ac495 — 2018-06-05 18:17:01 UTC

Emryology

ac495 — 2018-06-05 18:20:05 UTC