So let's know about them one by one.

DESCRIPTION :

The sent soldiers to Bishnoi villages to cut down khejari trees growing in the area. When soldiers applied the axe, the Bishnoi villagers pleaded to spare the trees., When the soldiers did not relent, they hugged the trees and as many as 363 of them laid down their lives to save the trees.

FACTS :

• Amrita Devi who refused to let the king's men cut down the trees in her  village , was beheaded for this act.
• Bishnois were renowned as the " India's first environmentalists ".
• Guru Maharaj Jambali(founder of bishnoi sect) made 29 rules including saving the trees which was later followed by Bishnois.
• When the  King knew that what was going in his Bishnoi's village he himself went and apologised to Bishnoi villagers.

DESCRIPTION :

The word 'chipko' means 'embrace' in hindi , as the villagers hugged the trees that prevented the loggers from cutting them. It invokes the idea that the lives of human beings are attached to nature. Killing nature is tantamount to taking away the lives of human beings.

FACTS :

• Chipko movement was inspired by Bishnoi movement.
• Sunderlal Bahuguna spent his whole life persuading and educating the villagers about the importance of trees,,telling them how to prevent soil erosion and benefits of rain and as well as to protest against the destruction of the forests and Himalayan mountains.
• In this movement, mainly women took part rather than the men.
• This movement garnered publicity in 1978 when few women had to face police brutalities.
•  .The strategy of ‘embracing’ the trees to resist the felling of the trees was thought of by Chandi Prasad Bhatt.

DESCRIPTION :

This movement intended to protect Silent Valley, evergreen forest for a hydroelectric project. Several NGOs strongly opposed the project and urged the government to abandon it. In January 1981, bowing to unrelenting public pressure, Indira Gandhi declared that Silent Valley will be protected.

FACTS :

• This movement was first started by Kerala Sastra Sahithya Parishad in 1973.
• The people’s movement to prevent the Silent Valley project was the first significant milestone in Indian environmental history that brought national and international attention.
• The poet activist  Sugathakumari poem "Marathinu Stuthi"became a symbol for the protest and was the opening song/prayer of the "save the silent valley" campaign meetings.

DESCRIPTION :

Navdanya movement is an Indian non-governmental organisation which promotes biodiversity Conservation , organic farming, the rights of farmers, and the process of seed saving.

FACTS :

• Navdanya has helped set up 54 community seed banks across the country.
• It has  trained over 500,000 farmers in "food sovereignty" and sustainable agriculture over the past two decades.

DESCRIPTION :

The Jungle Bachao Andolan took shape in the early 1980s when the government proposed to replace the natural sal forest.

FACTS :

• The Jungle Andolan survived till 1978 to 1983 and 18 people of Jungle Andolan were killed, hundreds people got injured.
• So after the movement Rajiv Gandhi declared it as the national park and the safe forest.

DESCRIPTION :

The Appiko Movement is struggling to save the remaining tropical forests in the Western Ghats.

FACTS :

• Appiko Movement can be said as a southern vesion of Chipko movement.
•  the movement had a ripple effect not only in Karnataka but also in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
• The objective of the Appiko Movement is three-fold—to protect the existing forest cover, to grow trees in denuded lands and, last to utilize forest wealth with due consideration to conservation.