Os Justos entre as Nações / The Righteous Among the Nations

Tarefa 1 - Publica uma curta informação/biografia sobre um dos seguintes Rostos de Esperança":

Consulta este link para outros "Justos entre as nações":
https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/righteous-sportsmen/index.asp

1 - Aristides de Sousa Mendes
2 - Irene Sendler
3 - Sir Nicholas Winter
4 - Oskar Schindler
5 - Carl Luntz
6 - Raoul Wallemberg
7 - Chinne Sughiara
8 -. Benedetto de Beni
9 - Isabella Cittani
10 - Outros...

Irena Sendler

Irena Sendler was born on February 15th, 1910, in Warsaw. Also known as the Angel of the Warsaw Ghetto, Irena was a human rights activist during World War II who saved more than 2,500 lives. To do so, she convinced families to hide Jewish children in their homes and then delivered food, medicines and clothing to those confined in the ghetto. Until the evacuation of the ghetto in the summer of 1942, Irena Sendler saved more than 2,500 children using several methods: she took them in ambulances as victims of typhus, in loading slings, in toolboxes, in garbage bins, in bags, under her skirt, in potato bags and even in coffins. In her hands, any item became a method of escape. However, thousands of people, all over the world, continue to spread hate and revulsion for those who are different or even think differently. These actions and behaviors make such risks almost useless. The feeling of superiority from thousands of people over others began long before the Holocaust; slavery and The Inquisition are examples of that. As if that wasn’t enough, there were other crimes against Mankind after the Holocaust, such as the Cold War, the attacks in Iraq and Syria, the attacks on the Twin Towers, the attacks in Paris and many other displays of racism around the world.

To finish with, Irena Sendler was a very inspiring woman. She saved thousands of lives without hesitation. She was a determined and courageous heroine who taught us to fight for what we believe it’s right. We must take her actions as an inspiration to make the world a better place. A world without homophobia, racism, abuse and hate. I will fight for a better world. What about you?
Sofia Barbosa - 8A

Aristides de Sousa Mendes

As Consul of Portugal in Bordeaux in the year of the invasion of France by Nazi Germany in World War II, he defied express orders from the president of the council of ministers António de Oliveira Salazar, who accumulated the function of foreign minister, and for three days and three In the evenings he granted visas to Portugal for thousands of refugees, including many Jews, fleeing Germany, Austria, France itself and countries already occupied by German armies, but also other individuals with Portuguese, British, American citizenship, etc. who tried to return to their homelands.
Iris Ferreira- 8A

Oskar Schindler

Oskar Schindler was a Sudanese German industrialist, spy and member of the Nazi Party, who saved 1,200 Jews from death during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamel and ammunition factories.
He was born on April 28, 1908 in Svitavy, Moravia (now Czech Republic) and died on October 9, 1974, aged 66, in Hildesheim in Lower Saxony.
In 1939, Schindler obtained a kitchenware factory in Krakow, Poland, which employed 1,750 workers, of whom about a thousand were Jews at the height of the factory in 1944. His Abwehr connections helped Schindler to protect Jewish workers from a certain deportation and death in Nazi concentration camps. At first, Schindler was only interested in making easy money out of the business. Later he started to protect his workers without looking at costs. Over time, Schindler had to bribe Nazi officers with money and luxury offers, obtained on the black market, to keep his employees safe.
Beatriz Santos - 9ºA

Joseph and Marie Louise Brito Mendes

Joseph and Marie Louise Brito-Mendes lived in Saint-Ouen, France. Joseph was Portuguese and had arrived in Paris in the 1920s. He worked in construction and was married to Marie-Louise, French. Their biography at Yad Vashem says they were neighbors and friends of the Berkovic family, Poles fleeing anti-Semitism. Daughter Cécile grew up with Jacques, the son of the Portuguese-French couple. The girl's father was arrested and killed in 1941, and the mother entrusted her to the Brito-Mendes couple, who raised her as a daughter. The mother was also arrested and killed. In 1943, the home of the Luso-French family was searched by the police in search of hidden Jews. Cécile was not at home, but the couple eventually sent the two children to a village. After the war, José and Marie-Claire wanted to adopt the girl, but an uncle, returned from concentration camps, won the fight in court and stayed with her. Joseph and Marie-Louise Brito-Mendes were recognized as Righteous among Nations in January 2004.
Rita Teixeira 7º H

Chinne Sughiara

Chinne Sughiara was a japonese diplomat that during the ll world war helped many jews from Lithuania leaving the country.
A lot of jews were from Poland or Lithuania residents.
Sugihara granted visas which facilitated the flight of more than 6,000 Jewish refugees to Japanese territory, risking his career and his family life.
He was removed from office by the government, since his country was part of the Axis.
He received from Israel the title of Righteous among the nations for his work that saved the lives of several Jews.

Natália Guedes 9ºA

Raoul Wallenberg

Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg was a Swedish architect, businessman and diplomat. He became famous for his successful efforts to rescue tens of thousands of Jews from Nazi-occupied Hungary during the Holocaust.

On January 17, 1945, during the siege of Budapest by the Red Army, Wallenberg was arrested by the Soviet authorities on suspicion of espionage and subsequently disappeared. It was later reported that he died on July 17, 1947, while being held in Lubyanka prison in Moscow, Russia. The reasons behind Wallenberg's arrest by the Soviet government, along with the circumstances of his death, remain mysterious.

Due to his courageous actions on behalf of Hungarian Jews, Raoul Wallenberg has been the subject of numerous humanitarian honors in the decades following his presumed death. In 1981, Congressman Tom Lantos, himself saved by Wallenberg, drafted a law making Wallenberg an Honorary Citizen of the United States.
Catarina Silva - 9ªA

Carlos Garrido Sampaio

With a degree in Economic and Financial Sciences, he began his diplomatic career as a legation attaché, in December 1901, at the Directorate General for Commercial and Consular Affairs. In July 1939 he was sent to Budapest as a plenipotentiary minister.

In 1944, German troops occupied Hungary and installed a new, more subservient government. Persecution of Jews intensifies, with confiscation of assets, mandatory use of the yellow star, closure in ghettos, etc.

In April 1944, responding to a request from the allies to reduce the level of diplomatic representation in Budapest, Salazar calls Sampaio Garrido, leaving the head of business, Teixeira Branquinho, in his place. Later, Sampaio Garrido left for Berne, taking his Jewish secretary with him, having continued to guide Teixeira Branquinho in supporting the Jews, namely by sending him lists with names for which he asked for assistance and asylum in the Portuguese legation. Always in relation to Garrido, Branquinho obtained from Salazar the authorization to assign Portuguese passports to Hungarian Jews, provided that they have a family, cultural or economic relationship with Portugal or Brazil.

Altogether, with Salazar's authorization, around 1000 protection documents were granted by Portugal, of which 700 provisional passports with no indication of Portuguese nationality, as required by Salazar, so that later they could not claim for it.

In February 2010, the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous, created by Yad Vashem, awarded him the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations.

Marta Silva, 6A

Winston Churchil

Winston Churchill, in full Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, (born November 30, 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England—died January 24, 1965, London), British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory.

Isabel Gomes 5ºA

Sir Nicholas Winton

Nicholas Wertheim was born on May 19, 1909, in Hampstead, England.

Sir Nicholas Winton was a British person who organized the rescue of 669 children in former Czechoslovakia, before being taken to concentration camps, saving them from their death in 1939, before the start of World War II.

At the end of 1938, Nicholas interrupted a vacation in Switzerland and went to Prague, where a friend wanted to create some mechanism to free children from Jewish families from Nazi persecution.

For his achievements he was often called "British Schindler" in reference to Oscar Schindler.

In 2002, Nicholas was elevated to knight by Queen Elisabeth II in recognition of the children's rescue.

Nicholas was benefited by the Order of Tomás Garrigue Masaryk, by the Czech President in 1998.

In 2008, Nicholas Winton was honored by the Czech government in several ways, one receiving the Cross of Merit from the Ministry of Defense, giving his name to a school in Kunzak and was nominated by them for the Nobel Peace Prize.

He passed away in Maidenhead, England on June 1, 2015.

Beatriz Pinto 6ºD

Aristides de Sousa Mendes

Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral Abranches GCC • OL • GCL,^[1] (Cabanas de Viriato, 19 de julho de 1885 - Lisboa, 3 de abril de 1954) foi um cônsul português.

Enquanto Cônsul de Portugal em Bordéus no ano da invasão de França pela Alemanha Nazi na Segunda Guerra Mundial, desafiou ordens expressas do presidente do conselho de ministros António de Oliveira Salazar, que acumulava a função de ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros, e durante três dias e três noites concedeu vistos de entrada em Portugal a milhares de refugiados, incluindo muitos judeus, que fugiam da Alemanha, Áustria, da própria França e dos países já ocupados pelos exércitos alemães, mas também outros indivíduos de cidadania portuguesa, britânica, americana, etc. que tentavam regressar às suas pátrias.^[2]^[3]

Embora algumas fontes apontem o número de judeus salvos do holocausto por Sousa Mendes na ordem dos dez mil,^[4] num total de trinta mil refugiados a quem terá passado vistos, estudos levados a cabo pelo historiador Avraham Milgram, da Yad Vashem, sugerem que estes números terão origem num equívoco com o número total de judeus que terão passado por Portugal durante a segunda guerra mundial, cuja origem terá sido incorrectamente atribuída à acção de Sousa Mendes pelo autor Harry Ezratty em 1964, e desde então repetido acriticamente e sem verificação por muitos jornalistas e autores. Embora o número total de vistos passados por Sousa Mendes seja desconhecido, devido a muitos deles terem sido passados sem que deles se fizesse registo, esse número terá sido, na realidade, bastante inferior aos números iniciais referidos por Ezratty. Segundo Avraham Milgram, que reconhece o heroísmo do feito de Sousa Mendes, este equívoco terá contribuído para que vários jornalistas e autores tenham vindo a exagerar a figura e os feitos de Sousa Mendes, comparando-o com outras personalidades como a de Raoul Wallenberg.

Irena Sendler

Irena Krzyzanowski Sendler was a Polish human rights activist who was born on February 15, 1910.
Irena Sendler was a Roman Catholic, which did not stop her from helping people of another religion, the Jews.
During the 2nd world war, Irena contributed to saving more than 2,500 lives by helping Jewish families
hid their children, thus becoming one of the faces of hope.

Rita Góis Silva - 5ºA

Oskar Schindler

Oskar Schindler was born in Svitavy on April 28, 1908, and died on October 9, 1974.
He saved 1200 Jews.

Isabela Azevedo 5ºA

Carl Lutz

Carl Lutz was a Swiss diplomat. He served as Deputy Consul of Switzerland in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of World War II. He saved more than 62,000 Jews, the largest Jewish rescue operation in World War II. Due to his actions, half of Budapest's Jewish population survived and was not deported to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust. He was awarded the title of Fair Among the Nations by Yad Vashem.

Carolina Soeiro 9ºE

Aristides de Sousa Mendes

Aristides was born Jule 19 1885 in Cabanas do Viriato, Carregal do sal, Portugal and died the April 3 1954.
He has a very important man, because it helped many people out of concentration camps.

Diogo Vieira 6ºD

Sir Nicholas Winton

Sir Nicholas George Winton was born in Wertheim on 19 May 1909 and unfortunately died on 1 July 2015. He was a British banker and humanitarian who established an organisation to rescue children at risk from Nazi Germany. Born to German-Jewish parents who had emigrated to Britain at the beginning of the 20th century, Winton supervised the rescue of 669 children, most of them Jewish, from Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Winton found homes for the children and arranged for their safe passage to Britain. This operation was later known as the Czech Kindertransport. He was a great man with a very good heart.
Dinis Sousa 8ºE

Benedito Beni

Benedito Benni Dos Santos, was born January 15, 1937 in Lagoinha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. On December 22, 1962, he was ordained a priest and studied Philosophy at the Central Seminary of Ipiranga where he obtained the Bachelor and Degree in Dogmatic Theology. He did a Master's in Philosophy and Education, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and a PhD in Dogmatic Theology, from 1959 to 1964. Before becoming Episcopate, he was Vice-rector of the Santo António Diocesan Seminary; deputy director of the Diocesan Institute of Teaching Santo António; responsible for the Nossa Senhora de Lourdes community in Taubaté; coordinator of the Diocesan Family Pastoral; moderator of the diocesan curia; procurator of the Diocesan Mitra; member of the college of consultants; among others. On September 25, 2013, he accepted his age limit waiver. Becoming known as the eighth bishop of the diocese of Lorena.

Ana Mota, 9E

Rita Bastos, 9E

Moses Amzalak

Moses Bensabat Amzalak, was born on October 4, 1892 and died on June 6, 1978 (1892-1978). Born in Lisbon, Portugal, he was the son of Leão (Judah) Benoliel Amzalak and Estella Abecassis Bensabat. Graduated in Economics, he began his career in 1922, at the Instituto Superior do Comércio in Lisbon, and later, in 1931, he founded with a group of professors the Instituto Superior de Ciências Económicas e Financeiras, where he worked until 1962. He was a member of the Council Superior of Public Instruction and of the National Board of Education, director of the Higher Institute of Economic and Financial Sciences, attorney of the Corporate Chamber (1957-1962), vice-rector (1931-1934 and 1944-1956) and rector (1956 and 1962) of the Technical University of Lisbon and president of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. As a businessman, he was an administrator of the company Sacor and of the newspaper O Século and a member of the board of Associação Comercial de Lisboa. He published more than 300 titles on the history, functioning and regional framework of several European and Israeli universities, teaching, the economy in Portugal, biographies of Portuguese Jews, among others. Founder of the Alliance Française de Lisboa, Moses Amzalak was awarded the Honoris Causa PhD from 12 universities, such as Strasbourg (1932), Bordeaux (1935), Lyon (1936), Toulouse (1949), Paris (1950), Lille (1963) and gave several conferences at universities such as Jerusalem and Oxford. He was one of the most prominent figures in the Israeli Community of Lisbon, having been a member of the Community Directorate since its founding in 1912, and during the Second World War, in the context of the Holocaust, he played a significant role in supporting thousands of Jewish refugees. Moses Amzalak's good relations with the Estado Novo regime and his friendship with the Council’s president, Salazar, facilitated the reception of these people in Portugal. He supported Captain Barros Basto, who suffered several persecutions, and managed to install refugee support organizations in Portugal such as HICEM - Hias Ica Emmigration and the international Jewish bourgeois association, known as the Jewish American Joint Distribution Committee.

Maria Silva 6ºA

Jews, namely by sending him lists with names for which he asked for assistance and asylum in the Portuguese legation. Always in relation to Garrido, Branquinho obtained fro

Irena Krzyzanowski Sendler

Irena was born on 02/15/1910.

In September 1939 the Nazis invaded Poland and Irena worked in the Social Welfare Department in Warsaw, where she was responsible for the administration of the community cafeterias, distributing food, clothing, medicines and money. When it became forbidden to attend Jews, she registered them under false names, so that it was not realized that they were Jews. To avoid inspections, she put people with contagious diseases in the family records. In 1942, the Nazis created a ghetto in Warsaw and Irena joined the Council to help the Jews and obtained documents to act as a nurse. Irena got in touch with families where she proposed to take her children out of the ghetto. Over the course of a year and a half, she managed, with his colleagues, to rescue more than 2500 children, where they were taken in Catholic orphanages and by Polish families. Irena registered the names with their new identities and kept them in glass jars and buried them in a friend's garden, so that after the war the children could recover their real names, their identities, etc. The Nazis knew everything that Irena had done and in 1943 she was arrested and brutally tortured. With the help of a German soldier, she managed to escape execution and the next day, when she saw that her name was on the list of those executed, she used a new identity to continue working as a nurse.

Irena Sendler passed away in Poland on May 12, 2008 at the age of 98.

Maria Sousa, 6ºA

GINO BARTALI

An Italian cyclist

Gino Bartali

Word document

Padlet Drive

CLELIA CALIGIURI

Clelia Caligiuri was born in Sorrento, Campania, her father died during World War First. In the early 1920s, once he obtained the qualification to teach in primary school, she started teaching in Piave and Treviso. At the outbreak of World War II, her husband René died a few days after the conflict began. Clelia, widowed with three children, decided to stay in Veneto and gave a psychological support and bureaucratic to other war widows. In 1943, on medical advice, she sent her daughter with her sister on the Venetian Alps, renting a room in a house in the small center of Follina. Here Clelia met Sara Karliner, a Yugoslav Jew who escaped from Zagreb and was confined to the country by law enforcement because of fascist racial laws. There is a strong link between the two ladies. Clelia helped Sara " to escape" from her Follina confinement, hosting her in her own house. Later, due to the large presence of German troops , Clelia decided to hide Sara in the parish of Don Giovanni in July 1944. At this stage, Clelia continued to visit Sara regularly twice a week. She also gave her money to facilitate her escape. At the end of the war, exactly in 1948 Clelia together with her children moved permanently to Naples where she lived until his death. Sara Karliner, on the other hand, moved to Israel; yad vashem gave Clelia the title of Righteous among the nations. The award ceremony was held in Jerusalem on October 18, 1966.

Giorgio Berlasca

Giorgio Perlasca-

Padlet Drive

Giorgio Perlasca was born in Como (Italy)on January 31, 1910 anddied in Padua on august 15, 1992. He was an Italian trader who inthe winter of 1944 during the Second World War , while he was in Hungary for his job, he pretended to be a Spanish consul to save the lives of 5.000 Hungarian Jews from the Nazi deportation and their deaths in the concentration camp. Nowadays his name is among Righteous among the Nations and a tree was planted on the hills which surrounded the Museum Yad Vashem.

CARLO ANGELA

CARLO ANGELA Carlo Angela was an Italian doctor, who hid numerous Jews in his clinic. He was born a Olcenengo, He graduated with a degree in medicine, in Paris where he attended the Neuropsychiatry courses.During World War I he was an officer of the Italian Red Cross.He joined politics after the World War I.After the murder of Giacomo Matteotti, in June of 1924, Carlo Angela openly blamed the fascists from the pages of the weekly paper Tempi Nuovi.The government's reaction to this article was to set the newspaper's office on fire and Angela fled to San Maurizio Canavese. There, he became health director of the clinic for mental diseases "Villa Turina Amione". It was there that Angela offered a safe help to numerous antifascists and Jews during the German Occupation and the Repubblica Sociale Italiana, by forging the medical cards to justify their stay inside the clinics. He diagnosed patients incorrectly and changed names or nationalities. In his rescue he was helped by Vice-Director dr. Brun, by sister Tecla and by the nurses Fiore De Stefanis, Carlo and Sante Simionato. As suspected by the fascist police, Mr. Angela was summoned and interrogated in Turin and he also ran the risk of being shot during a retaliation.During the Liberation, Carlo Angela was appointed mayor of San Maurizio Canavese.Afterward he ran for the first democratic elections after longer than twenty years.He also becomes president of the Molinette hospital in Turin.