Exercise 3的复制 by 黃冠豪 https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r FSC FM STANDARD en-us 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC 2025-12-29 19:17:48 UTC hello@padlet.com P2 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857952 TENURE AND RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITIES]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857952 P1 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857953 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND FSC PRINCIPLES]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857953 1.1 Forest management shall respect all national and local laws and administrative requirements.森林經營應尊重本國的所有法律和地方行政法規。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857954 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857954 P3 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857957 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857957 P4 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857959 COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND WORKER’S RIGHTS]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857959 P5 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857961 BENEFITS FROM THE FOREST]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857961 P6 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857962 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857962 P7 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857963 MANAGEMENT PLAN]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857963 P8 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857964 MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857964 P9 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857965 MAINTENANCE OF HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE FORESTS]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857965 P10 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857966 PLANTATIONS]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857966 6.9 The use of exotic species shall be controlled and actively monitored to avoid adverse ecological impacts. 謹慎控制並主動監測外來樹種的使用，避免引起不良的生態影響。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857967 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857967 | X.3 In signatory countries, the provisions of all the binding international agreements such as CITES, ILO conventions, ITTA, and Convention on Biological Diversity, shall be respected. 尊 重簽約國所有具有約束力的國際協議（如《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》、《國際勞工組織公約》、 《國際熱帶木材協定》及《生物多樣性公約》）中的有關條款。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857968

 X.3.1 There is no substantiated evidence of any non-compliance with applicable requirements of any
 international agreements listed in the FSC standard to which Taiwan is a signatory. These are listed in
 Annex 2. 與附件2中列明在FSC標準中且台灣已簽署或遵守的國際協議中所適用的無任何不符合。
 X.3.2. No evidence shows that business groups and group members are in violation of the relevant international
 agreements. 無證據顯示被抽查的經營團體和團體成員違反有關國際協定的相關法律義務。
 X.3.3 Forest manager(s) is aware of ILO conventions specified in FSC-POL-30-40X and shall apply it to the
 management whether or not they have been ratified by the country. 不論是否國家是否簽署，森林經營者應
 清楚FSC-POL-30-40X指明的國際勞工組織公約，並應用經營管理中。
 X.3.4 NTFPs status in the IUCN Red List is defined or in National Red List is identified. 界定非木材林產品在國際
 自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄中的狀態，或在國家紅色名錄中被識別。
 X.3.5 NTFPs in the IUCN Red List or in National Red List defined as ‘endangered’ and critically endangered’ are
 not collected/harvested.不得採集/收穫國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄或國家紅色名錄中被界定為”瀕
 危”和”極危”的非木材林產品。
 X.3.6 The collection/harvest of NFTPs with a ‘vulnerable’ status on IUCN lists can only take place after
 justification. 僅能在證明為正當的情況下，採集/收穫國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄中定義為”易危”的
 非木材林產品。]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857968 | X.6 Forest managers shall demonstrate a long-term commitment to adhere to the FSC Principles and Criteria. 森林經營者應承諾長期遵守FSC 原則和準則。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857969
 X.6.1 Forest manager(s) shall include in its documented procedures a statement of long-term commitment to
 adhere to the FSC P&C. 森林經營者應在文件化程序中包含一份承諾長期遵守FSC原則和準則的聲明。
 X.6.2 Forest manager(s) shall not implement activities that conflict with the FSC Principles & Criteria in and
 outside the forest area under assessment. 森林經營者不得在受評估林區內外實施與FSC原則和準則衝突
 的活動。
 X.6.3 Forest manager(s) shall disclose information on all forest areas where they have some degree of
 management responsibility, if any (to demonstrate compliance with current FSC policies on partial
 certification and on excision of areas from the scope of certification). 森林經營者應當披露其負有一定程度
 上管理責任的所有林區(如有)的資訊(以證明對有關部分驗證和從驗證中分離出去區域對現行FSC政策的遵
 守情況)。]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857969 | X.1 Clear long-term tenure and forest use rights to the land (e.g. land title, customary rights, or lease agreements) shall be demonstrated. 有明確的證據證明對土地和森林資源擁有長期的使用權 (如土地所有權、傳統的權利或租賃協議)。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857970
 X.1.1 Forest manager(s) shall have documents demonstrating the legal right to manage the forest under
 evaluation for at least the 5 years period of validity of an FSC certificate, and describing tenure rights
 and/or the rights to manage the forest/plantation area over the long-term. 森林經營者應有文件證明其在一
 個FSC證書有效期內，對受評估林區具有合法經營權，以及森林/人工林的所有權和經營權。
 X.1.X There shall be clear boundaries for the forest management unit and boundaries should be marked on
 maps. 森林經營單位應有清晰的界限，並應在地圖上標記。]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857970 X.3 Appropriate mechanisms shall be employed to resolve disputes over tenure claims and use rights. The circumstances and status of any outstanding disputes will be explicitly considered in the certification evaluation. Disputes of substantial magnitude involving a significant number of interests will normally disqualify an operation from being certified. 要運 用適當的機制，來解決有關所有權及使用權方面的糾紛。在驗證審核中，要考慮任何懸而未決爭議的 環境及狀態。涉及到很多利益的大規模糾紛通常會導致一項森林經營活動失去驗證資格。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857972
 X.3.1 There are no unresolved disputes of substantial magnitude involving a significant number of interests
 relating to tenure and land use right in the area under evaluation. 如果存在大規模且涉及重大利益的所有
 權和/或使用權爭議未解決，此森林經營單位不能被驗證。
 X.3.2 Forest manager(s) shall be in compliance with the Taiwan procedure for Dispute Settlement of Forest
 Trees and Forest Land Tenure and applicable local regulations to resolve any disputes. 森林經營者應根據
 台灣林木林地權屬爭議處理規定解決任何爭議。
 X.3.3 Forest manager(s) shall keep all relevant records related to disputes and documentation of steps taken to
 resolve the dispute. 森林經營者應保留涉及爭議的相關紀錄，並記錄解決爭議的所採取的措施。]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857972 X.1 Indigenous peoples shall control forest management on their lands and territories unless they delegate control with free and informed consent to other agencies. 原住民應當控制其土地及領地上的森林經營，除非他們在知情的情況下自願把控制權委託給其它機構。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857973
X.1.1 Forest manager(s) is aware of and respect indigenous people’ legal and customary rights within the forest
area under evaluation. 森林經營者知曉並尊重原住民在評估林區內的法律上與約定俗成的權利。
X.1.2 If indigenous people authorize or delegate control over forest management activities through free and
informed consent, an agreement (oral or in writing) must be acknowledge by all the parties concerned,
and/or the community representatives confirm that free, prior and informed consent was given. The
process shall include: 如果原住民在自願並知情的情況下授權或委託其森林經營活動的管控權，必須將協
議(口頭或書面)告知所有有關各方，並/或由原住民代表確認。此過程應包括：
X.1.2.1. Ensuring indigenous peoples know their rights and obligations regarding the resource; 確保原住民知曉
他們對資源的權利和義務；
X.1.2.2. Informing the indigenous peoples of the value, in economic, social and environmental terms, of the
resource over which they are considering delegation of control; 告知原住民其授權或委託給其他機構的資
源在經濟，社會和環境方面的價值；
X.1.2.3. Informing the indigenous peoples of their right to withhold consent to the proposed management
activities to the extent necessary to protect rights, resources, lands and territories; and; 應告知原住民，在
保護其權利、資源、土地和領土的必要程度上，他們對計畫的營林活動保持同意權，並且，
X.1.2.4. Informing the indigenous peoples of the current and future planned forest management or"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857973 X.3 Sites of special cultural, ecological, economic or religious significance to indigenous peoplesshall be clearly identified in co-operation with such peoples, and recognised and protected byforest managers. 森林經營者要與原住民合作，明確劃出對他們有特殊文化、生態、經濟或宗教意義的場所，並加以確認和保護。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857975
X.3.1 Sites of special cultural, ecological, economic or religious value to indigenous peoples, or other local
communities have been identified and marked on the map. 經營者確認，並在地圖上標明劃出原住民、或
其他當地社區具有特殊文化、歷史、生態、經濟或宗教意義的場所。
X.3.2 Forest workers should identify these sites and take measures to avoid any damage/interference, unless
they have an agreement with relevant stakeholders. 所有經營區內作業人員在現場可以識別這些地點，並
且採取措施防止對其造成任何形式的破壞或干擾，除非已經和權益關係者達成協議。
X.3.3 Identified sites of special interest to indigenous people shall be protected during forest management
activities. 在森林經營過程中，應保護所鑑別出的原住民特殊意義場所。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857975 X.2 "Forest management shall meet or exceed all applicable laws and/or regulations covering health and safety of employees and their families. 森林經營應滿足或超過與員工及其家庭健康和安全有關的所有適用法律和(/或)法規。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857976
X.2.1 Forest manager(s) shall comply with Taiwan minimum requirements of the Labor law of Taiwan, Law of
Taiwan on Work Safety and the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry. 森林經營者瞭解與
員工及其家屬健康與安全有關的台灣法律規章及國際勞工組織操作規程所要求林業安全與健康的最低要
求，並遵守這些規定。
X.2.2 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that documented procedure(s) for health and safety are implemented in all forest
management activities and maintain up to date records of work-related accidents. 森林經營者應建立健康與安全記
錄機制，保存並隨時更新所有工安事故紀錄。
X.2.3 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that forest workers including subcontractors are provided with safety
training for the forest management activities they are performing. 森林經營者應當確保向包括分包商在內
的林業工作者提供適用其所從事森林經營活動安全培訓。
X.2.4 Forest manager(s) shall keep on-job training or any other relevant training records up-to-date. 森林經營者
應保存並隨時更新在職訓練或其他適當教育形式之紀錄。
X.2.5 When manual harvesting without chainsaws is taking place (e.g. single stem bamboo, small sized poplar
stems), workers shall wear safety shoes, gloves and helmets. 在進行手工採伐時（例如，單桿竹，楊樹小
徑材），工作者應穿戴安全鞋，手套和安全帽。
X.2.6 For forest management activities that involve any machinery such as chainsaws, skidders, forwarders, etc,
forestry operators shall wear safety equipment in compliance with ILO H&S in Forestry Work (helmet,
hearing protection, appropriate clothing, safety shoes and chainsaw proof chaps). 對涉及任何機械的森林
經營活動，諸如鏈鋸、集材機、曳引機等，林業工作者應根據國際勞工組織的《林業工作健康與安全》佩戴
安全配備(安全帽、耳塞、合適的服裝、安全靴和鏈鋸工護腿套褲)。
X.2.7 Suitable safety equipments are available and used on the working site. 合適的安全裝備可在作業現場取得
並使用。
X.2.8 The tooling and equipments are checked regularly and maintained. Only verified equipments are used. 定
期檢查並維護工具與裝備，只使用檢驗過的設備。
X.2.9Forest workers shall be registered with the relevant social and/or accident security insurance. 應當給林業
工作者購買相關社會保險和(/或)意外傷害保險。
X.2.10Forest manager(s) shall ensure that juveniles under the age of 16 are not employed under any forest
management activities; dispatch work to juveniles under the age 18 shall comply with Labor law of Taiwan.
任何林業工作不應雇用16歲以下的童工；指派未滿十八歲的未成年工工作內容應符合台灣勞工法規。
X.2.11 The Organization shall pay wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other
recognized forest industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal
minimum wages. When none of these exist, The Organization shall through engagement with workers
develop mechanisms for determining living wages. 組織支付之工資應符合或超過最低林業工資標準或其他
經認可之林業工資協議，且皆高於法定最低工資。當這些規範都不存在時，組織應經由勞工餐與發展決定基
本生活工資之機制。
X.2.12 The Organization shall promote gender equality in employment practices, training opportunities,
awarding of contracts, processes of engagement and management activities. 組織應提昇僱用實務、培訓
機會、契約簽定、參與過程及經營活動上之性別平等。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857976 X.5 "Appropriate mechanisms shall be employed for resolving grievances and for providing faircompensation in the case of loss or damage affecting the legal or customary rights, property,resources or livelihoods of local peoples. Measures shall be taken to avoid such loss ordamage. 若森林經營造成的損失和破壞影響了當地人法定或傳統的權利、財產、資源或生活，應運用適當的機制加以解決，並提供合理的補償。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857977
X.5.1 Forest manager can explain a conflict resolution mechanism. 森林經營者可以闡述糾紛解決機制。
X.5.2. Forest manager(s) shall identify and keep records of any loss and/or damage resulting from forest
management activities that may be affecting local communities. 森林經營者應鑑別和記錄任何因森林經營
活動造成的可能影響當地社區的損失和(/或)損害。
X.5.3 The record of providing fair compensation for such loss or damage is in place if any. 若有，記錄對這種損
失或者損害所提供的合理補償。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857977 X.1 Forest management shall strive towards economic viability, while taking into account the full environmental, social, and operational costs of production, and ensuring the investments necessary to maintain the ecological productivity of the forest. 森林經營應力爭實現經濟效益，同時要全面考慮生產的環境、社會和營運成本，並確保維持森林生態系統生產力的必要投資。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857978
X.1.1 Forest manager(s) shall be able to demonstrate that forest management have been performed adequately
to ensure that at least minimum levels of economic viability are maintained. 森林經營者應證明森林經營活
動能維持最低限度的經濟可行性。
X.1.2 Current and future budgets for forest management and NTFPs management shall take into account
environmental costs (e.g. restoration activities) and social costs (e.g. compensation costs). 當前和未來的
森林經營與非木材林產品經營預算應考慮環境成本(例如植被恢復活動)和社會成本(如賠償費用)。
X.1.3 Forest manager(s) shall keep records of the environmental and social costs whenever relevant, and
related investments. 森林經營者應記錄有關的環境和社會成本，以及相關的投資活動。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857978 X.6 "The rate of harvest of forest products shall not exceed levels, which can be permanently sustained.林產品的採伐率不得超過長期永續利用所允許的水準。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857979
X.6.1 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that average annual harvest rates are recorded, that an annual summary
of harvested volumes is available, and that harvest volumes are in line with the approved management
documents. 森林經營者應記錄平均年採伐率，匯總年採伐量，且採伐量與已經獲得批准的經營規劃文件一
致。
X.6.2 Forest manager(s) ensure that annual harvest volumes do not exceed legal allowable harvest quotas. 森
林經營者確保年採伐量不超過法律允許的採伐限額。
X.6.3 The rate of sustainable harvest, the seasonality and the frequency of harvest are specified for each NTFP
and the calculation of each parameter is based on scientific study and recent data. 說明每種非木材林產品
的永續收穫率、收穫的季節性與頻率，而且每個參數的計算是基於科學研究與最新的數據。    
X.6.4 Appropriate harvesting techniques are used in the field to avoid long-term damage to the resource and
ensure that the resource can be permanently sustained. 在區域內運用適當的採伐技術，以避免對資源造成
長期損害，並確保資源永續利用。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857979 X.1 "Assessment of environmental impacts shall be completed - appropriate to the scale, intensityof forest management operations and the uniqueness of the affected resources - and adequately integrated into management systems. Assessments shall include landscape level considerations as well as the impacts of on-site processing facilities. Environmental impacts shall be assessed prior to commencement of site disturbing operations. 應完成環境影響評估，評估應符合森林經營的規模、強度及受其影響的資源獨特性，並應充分結合在森林經營體系中。評估應包括地景層級上的考慮以及就地加工設施的影響；環境影響評估應在對林區有影響的活動開始之前進行。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857981
X.1.1 Forest manager(s) shall demonstrate that they have identified potential impacts of forest management
activities on the environment at least at site level prior to site disturbing activities. 森林經營者應證明在被
評估區域內或附近區域開始作業活動之前，至少在作業現場層面，就已知道並已經確定森林經營活動可能對
環境產生的負面影響。
X.1.2 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that forest workers have been informed about potential environmental
impacts resulting from the management and harvesting activities which shall be avoided and mitigated. 森
林經營者應告知森林工作者經營和採伐活動中存在的、應盡量避免或減輕其影響的潛在環境影響。
X.1.3 Environmental impact assessments shall be performed and shall be taken into consideration in the
management procedures or work instructions. 應進行環境影響評估且參考評估結果編制經營程序或工作手
冊。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857981 X.6 "Management development and adoption of environmentally friendly non-chemical methods of pest management and strive to avoid the use of chemical pesticides. World Health Organisation Type 1A and 1B chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides;pesticides that are persistent, toxic or whose derivatives remain biologically active and accumulate in the food chain beyond their intended use; as well as any pesticides banned by international agreement, shall be prohibited. If chemicals are used, proper equipment and training shall be provided to minimise health and environmental risks. 森林經營體系應促進開發和採用有利於環境的非化學方法進行有害物治理，盡量避免使用化學殺蟲劑。禁止使用世界衛生組織1A、1B 類清單中所列的物質及氫氯碳化物殺蟲劑，禁止使用長效、有毒及衍生物具有生物活性和在食物鏈中積累的殺蟲劑，以及國際公約禁止使用的殺蟲劑。如果使用化學品，應提供適當的設備和培訓，最大限度地減少健康及環境風險。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857982
X.6.1 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that unless with a previous derogation by the FSC, there is no
forbidden chemical products used as described by the FSC (FSC-STD-30-001 and
FSC-STD-30-001a). 森林經營者應確保不在受評估區域內使用FSC禁用的化學品(FSC-STD-30-001 and
FSC-STD-30-001a)，除非得到FSC 的豁免許可。
X.6.2 Forest manager(s) shall maintain an up-to-date and complete list of chemicals used within the area under
evaluation including quantities used. 森林經營者應保存包含受評估區域內所使用化學品的名稱及使用數量
的最新清單。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857982 "X.1 The management plan and supporting documents shall provide: 經營計畫及其相關文件應包括： huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857984 a) Management objectives. 經營目標；
b) Description of the forest resources to be managed, environmental limitations, land use and ownership status, socio-economic conditions, and a profile of adjacent lands. 森林資源描述、環境限制因素、土地利用及所有權狀況、社會經濟條件，以及毗鄰土地概況；
c) Description of silvicultural and/or other management system, based on the ecology of the forest in question and information gathered through resource inventories. 根據所涉及的森林的生態條件以及通過資源調查得到的資訊，說明營林和((/或))其它經營體制；
d) Rationale for rate of annual harvest and species selection. 年採伐率及樹種選擇的理由；
e) Provisions for monitoring of forest growth and dynamics. 監測森林生長及動態的措施；
f) Environmental safeguards based on environmental assessments. 在環境評估基礎上制定的環境保護措施；
g) Plans for the identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species.鑑別及保護珍稀、受威脅及瀕危物種的計劃；
h) Maps describing the forest resource base including protected areas, planned management activities and land ownership. 描述保護區、規劃的經營活動及土地所有權等森林資源基本資訊的圖集；
i) Description and justification of harvesting techniques and equipment to be used. 說明使用的採伐技術和設備，以及使用的理由。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857984 X.3 "Forest workers shall receive adequate training and supervision to ensure proper implementation of the management plan. 應對林業工作者進行必要的培訓和指導，確保他們正確實施森林經營計畫。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857985
X.3.1 Forest workers including subcontractors shall receive appropriate information or training on health and
safety at work and on how to perform relevant forest management activities. 有證據顯示，包括分包商在內
的林業工人已接受有關健康和工作安全及執行相關森林經營活動方式的相關資訊或培訓。
X.3.2 Evidence of appropriate performance of forest workers shall be observed in the forest. 現場觀察顯示林業
工作者能夠正確實施森林操作。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857985 X.2 "Forest management shall include the research and data collection needed to monitor, at a minimum, the following indicators: 森林經營應包括監測所需要的科學研究及數據採集，至少要有以下這些指標： huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857986
a) yield of all forest products harvested; 所採伐的全部林產品的產量；
b) growth rates, regeneration and condition of the forest; 生長率、更新率及森林狀況；
c) composition and observed changes in the flora and fauna; 動植物的組成及觀察到的變化；
d) environmental and social impacts of harvesting and other operations; 採伐及其它活動的
環境與社會影響；
e) costs, productivity, and efficiency of forest management. 森林經營的成本、生產率及效率。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857986 X.3 "Documentation shall be provided by the forest manager to enable monitoring and certifying organisations to trace each forest product from its origin, a process known as the “chain of custody.” 森林經營者應提供文件，使監測機構和驗證機構能追蹤到每一種林產品的源頭，這個過程就是所謂的“產銷監管鏈”。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857987
X.3.1 Forest manager(s) has defined a quality management of its certified wood products and NTFPs products
chain of custody as required in the standard FSC-STD-40-004. 森林經營者依照FSC-STD-40-004的要
求，定義驗證木製產品及非木材林產品的品質管理。
X.3.2 Forest manager(s) shall have an established control system which allows the traceability of timber, NTFPs
or bamboo, from its origin to the forest gate, the point of processing and/or the point where ownership
changes. 森林經營者應建立管制系統，使木材、非木材林產品或竹子的追溯能從其源頭至林區門口，即流
程的管制點及(/或)所有權轉移的管制點。
X.3.3 Relevant documents such as transport documents are recorded so that forest manager(s) can
demonstrate that forest products are coming from the certified area. 應保存運輸文件等有關文件，以便森
林經營者能夠證明林產品來自已驗證區域。
X.3.4 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that all relevant staff, workers and sub-contractors are informed or trained
regarding the appropriate implementation of the chain of custody procedures. 森林經營者應確保已告知工
作者和分包商有關適當執行產銷監管鏈程序的資訊，或進行有關方面的培訓。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857987 X.1 "Assessment to determine the presence of the attributes consistent with High Conservation Value Forests will be completed, appropriate to scale and intensity of forest management.對高保護價值森林的特徵表現進行的評估應完整並符合森林經營的規模及強度。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857988
X.1.1 Forest managers have assessed their forest for the presence of high conservation value attributes
(existing information may be used). 森林經營者應對受評估林區進行評估，以確定是否存在高保護價值特
性(可使用現有資料)。
X.1.2 HCVF assessment shall be peer-reviewed by environmental stakeholders, government or scientists. If
HCVF is present, FME shall take all reasonable steps to protect these values and/or reduce threats. 高
保護價值森林(HCVF)的評估結果應由環境利益相關者、政府官員或研究人員審核。如果存在高保護價值
森林，森林經營單位應採取一切合理的措施進行保護和(/或)減少對其的損害。
X.1.3 The results of the HCVF assessment is recorded and identified HCVF (if any) are marked on maps/or
are clearly identifiable in the field. 記錄HCVF評估結果，並在地圖上對高保護價值森林(HCVF) (如有)加以
標明或在林地能明顯識別。
X.1.4 HCVF assessment shall at least involve local farmers, local communities and identify all officially
protected areas and legal buffer zones. HCVF評估應至少包含當地農民、當地社區，並指出所有官方保護
區域和法律規定的緩衝區。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857988 X.2 "The consultative portion of the certification process must place emphasis on the identified conservation attributes, and options for the maintenance thereof. 驗證過程中的諮詢部分應把重點放在已識別的保護特徵及保持其特徵的辦法選擇上。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857989

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857989 X.3 "Diversity in the composition of plantations is preferred, so as to enhance economic,ecological and social stability. Such diversity may include the size and spatial distribution of management units within the landscape, number and genetic composition of species, age classes and structures. 最好在人工林的構成上實行多樣化，以增強其經濟、生態及社會的穩定性。這種多樣性可能包括地景中經營單位的規模和空間分佈、物種的數量及遺傳成分、齡級及結構。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857990
X.3.1 Forest manager(s) shall favour the diversity of the plantation by preferring whenever possible a diversity
of exotic species, native species, varieties and/or origins in line with the management procedures and in
compliance with legal requirements. 森林經營者在遵照經營文件和法律要求的前提下，提倡人工林的多樣
性，包括對外來樹種、原生(本土)樹種、樹種種類、樹種起源等方面的多樣性。
X.3.2 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that the maximum size of clear cut areas is in compliance with the
requirements of the Taiwan Code of Forest Harvesting. 森林經營者應當確保明確最大皆伐區域的面積符合
台灣森林採伐作業規程的要求。"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857990 X.5 "A proportion of the overall forest management area, appropriate to the scale of the plantation and to be determined in regional standards, shall be managed so as to restore the site to a natural forest cover. 在整個森林經營範圍內保留一定的面積（與造林地的規模相適應，面積的大小可以根據當地標準來確定），以恢復天然林覆被率。 huang0131huang https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857991
X.5.1 Forest manager(s) shall ensure that representative samples of existing natural ecosystems, wildlife
corridors and significant wildlife habitats are being identified and protected. 森林經營者應當確保現有自然
生態系統的代表性樣地、野生動物廊道和重要野生動物棲息地得到確認和保護。
X.5.2 Conformity with this requirement does not need to be demonstrated at the level of each FMU, but should
consider the overall area including sites adjacent to the area under evaluation and other activities that
demonstrate off-site contribution to the management or restoration off similar areas, such as community
level projects, etc. 要符合本項要求無需證明每個FMU層面均符合要求，但應當考慮包括與受評估地區"

]]> 2022-04-19 02:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/huang0131huang/r9k345bht4e3x51r/wish/2147857991