Answer: Indonesian foreign policy was made in 2nd of September 1948

Answer: Indonesia might been separated with other countries.

Answer: President Jokowi and the minister of foreign ministry.

Answer: because president Jokowi is the head of executive and foreign policy is under foreign ministry which belongs to executive.

Answer: to help other countries  when they have conflict so they help Indonesia when Indonesia is in trouble. Also Indonesia needs to trade with other countries to earn money and support the citizens of Indonesia.

Answer: No

Answer: China, Korea, America, Japan, Australia, India and Singapore are supporting Indonesian foreign policy.

Answer: It will help Indonesian foreign policy because to make Indonesian foreign policy work well Indonesia must be close with other country

Answer: It is free and active which is nonalignment and neutral.

Answer: It works for the peace in ASEAN and with other countries that are close with Indonesia and supporting Indonesian foreign policy such as Korea and America to make Indonesian economy rise.

2.Who created the Indonesian foreign policy free and active?

3.Do all country have foreign policy? Why?
 4.Does Indonesian people agree to this policy? Why?

5.Have any president of Indonesia try to change the policy? Why?

6.Does this have any positive effect? How?

7.Does this have any negative effect? How?

8.Have the citizens try to change the policy? Explain

9.Is there any country that doesn’t have any policy? Why?

10.What are the benefits of having a policy? How?

Answers

1. in my perspective I think it is normal because the leader of the country have to make the policy and the citizen just have to obey it.

2. I couldn’t find the answer ( at least I tried )

3. no not all country have foreign policy for example: Africa

4. I think most of the people agree because citizens have to obey policies but there is some people disagree because they have their own perspective.

5. I couldn’t find the answer ( at least I tried )

6. yes because it will make a better country because they will obey it

7. yes because some people might have their own perspective and they would complain the it would make a small conflict and the it will just get bigger and bigger

8. I think some people would want to change the policy because they have their own policy and  believes.

9. yes there is some country on earth that doesn’t have a (policy, foreign policy idk) for example: Africa 

10. the benefits of having a policy is that the country would be better because the policy will be obeyed by the citizens

 

source:

Most of it source: my self.

Source: http://www.aph.gov.au/sitecore/content/Home/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/CIB9697/97cib3

 

2. “Indonesians are nothing if not confident. Eighty percent believe their country has the potential to become a global superpower, and they recently overtook Indians as the world’s most bullish consumers. They’ve earned the right to be cocky.”

Source:http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/10/08/these-7-countries/

 

3. “Michael T. Klare argues that competition over natural resources such as oil, natural gas and water has sparked recent conflicts. Growing demand for natural resources and increasing debt in poor countries will lead to more intense conflict over regions with large natural resources in the future. This will have a substantial impact on the Middle East and in particular the Persian Gulf with Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Iran together holding two thirds of the world’s oil resources.”

Source: http://debatewise.org/debates/977-resources-have-a-negative-influence-on-foreign-policy-in-the-middle-east/

 

4.“The administration of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) is continuing the trend towards greater protectionism. It is preparing increased local content requirements for telecommunication equipment (for example, smartphones and handheld devices) and for automotive parts. The Ministry of Trade has recently restricted retail sales of alcoholic beverages, while a draft law to completely ban alcohol consumption is being proposed to the Parliament.”

Source: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/trade-protectionism-indonesia-bad-times-and-bad-policy

 

5. “While President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s decision to push for economic and structural reforms in the domestic sphere may start to pay off, the international community likely won’t hold its breath for Indonesia to take a prominent spot among the influential on the global stage.”

Source: https://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/the-jakarta-post/20161021/281990377055769

6. "Support to foreign governments has become more strategic in recent years, and much of it serves important purposes. As David Rothkopf writes in Foreign Policy, this is "just the moment when aid is most critical on initiative of vital national security from fighting terror to stabilizing the Middle East to winning support for the U.S. in regions where our rivals are spending furiously to tip the scales in their favor."

Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesglassman/2011/04/08/foreign-aid-the-good-and-bad/#41841e1b7257

 

7. “The Republic of Indonesia realizes that cooperation with other countries is essential if these ideals are to become a reality. It has made the United Nations the focal point of its over-all policy of seeking good relations with all other nations.”

Source: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/indonesia/1953-04-01/indonesias-foreign-policy

8. “Indonesia’s acceptance into the G20 has opened up new avenues for the country’s participation in international processes and development. Indonesia is also taking over the presidency of ASEAN this year.”

Source: http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_21871-544-2-30.pdf?110

9. “Indonesia has made significant efforts in the last year to improve the business environment.”

Source: https://www.oecd.org/policy-briefs/indonesia-dismantling-barriers-to-competition-and-innovation.pdf

10. “Jokowi’s reformist credentials and meteoric rise from a bamboo shack to the State Palace are reasons for hope and celebration for Indonesians and foreigners alike. If he can overcome substantial domestic opposition to his agenda, he may yet make a great contribution to Indonesia’s development and democratic progress.”

Source: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/indonesian-foreign-policy-under-president-jokowi

 

Question:

2.

3.

If the policy of Indonesia is not neutrality, what is it then? In the midst of the Cold War, Hatta questions whether Indonesia has no other option than siding with the United States or the USSR? He argued that Indonesia should not be left with that kind of option, therefore “the Indonesian Government is of the opinion that the position to be taken is that Indonesia should not be a passive party in the area of international politics but that it should be an active agent entitled to decide its own standpoint. The policy of Indonesia must be resolved in the light of its own interests…”. Hence, Indonesia’s basic foreign policy is an active foreign policy.

            Indonesia also seeks to strengthen peace. Therefore Indonesia does not side with any of the superpower and follow its own path through various international problems. Hatta argues that there is “no pressing need for her to make a choice between the two big blocs” as such policy would permit Indonesia to be friends with all nations on a basis of mutual respect. This constitutes the basic free or independent foreign policy.

4.

Arguably a more momentous event for Indonesia than the end of the Cold War was its Reformasi (“reformation”). The events of 1998 brought an end to thirty-two years of Soeharto’s strongman rule and ushered in a period of democracy, political freedoms, and human rights. Crucially, these domestic changes have had a profound impact on Jakarta’s foreign policy. As Anwar (2010) observes, there has been a “mainstreaming” of democracy and human rights issues so that Indonesia’s external stance mirrored its newfound core values at home. She continues to point out that “the making of foreign policy has been democratized,” and now involves input from a wide range of sources, including scholars, think tanks, the media, and civil society (Anwar, 2010).

5.

If the policy of Indonesia is not neutrality, what is it then? In the midst of the Cold War, Hatta questions whether Indonesia has no other option than siding with the United States or the USSR? He argued that Indonesia should not be left with that kind of option, therefore “the Indonesian Government is of the opinion that the position to be taken is that Indonesia should not be a passive party in the area of international politics but that it should be an active agent entitled to decide its own standpoint. The policy of Indonesia must be resolved in the light of its own interests…”. Hence, Indonesia’s basic foreign policy is an active foreign policy.

            Indonesia also seeks to strengthen peace. Therefore Indonesia does not side with any of the superpower and follow its own path through various international problems. Hatta argues that there is “no pressing need for her to make a choice between the two big blocs” as such policy would permit Indonesia to be friends with all nations on a basis of mutual respect. This constitutes the basic free or independent foreign policy.

6.

7.

8.

Barely two months after Indonesian president Joko “Jokowi” Widodo took office in a historic election, he has already stirred fears among some at home and abroad that his country, a traditional leader in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), may be looking beyond the organization in its foreign policy just as the bloc prepares to further its regional integration agenda in 2015.

Statements from Jokowi and his advisers, along with early actions under his tenure, suggest a more bilateral, domestic-oriented foreign policy relative to his predecessor Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, with a diminished but still important role for ASEAN.

“We used to say ASEAN is the cornerstone of our foreign policy. Now we change it to a cornerstone of our foreign policy,” Rizal Sukma, a foreign policy adviser to Jokowi and the excutive director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies think tank in Jakarta, told a public forum in Washington, D.C. recently.

9.

To be sure, the visit produced some important outcomes for both sides. The elevation of ties to the level of a strategic partnership is itself is a significant achievement. While the United States and Indonesia have had varying degrees of cooperation since Jakarta’s independence in 1949, the strategic partnership reflects a desire by the two countries to push for deeper and broader collaboration, building on the comprehensive partnership inked in 2010 under Jokowi’s predecessor, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. A strengthened partnership is in in the interest of both sides. The United States wants to engage emerging powers like Indonesia – the world’s fourth largest nation, third largest democracy, and largest Muslim-majority country – to help address regional and global challenges. Indonesia is cementing ties with major players, including Washington, to support its rise as a regional power with global interests less than two decades since the start of its democratic transition following the fall of Suharto in 1998.

10.

There’s good and bad news about last night’s third Indonesia presidential debate on foreign policy.

The good news is that both candidates didn’t rock the boat. They committed to maintaining the status quo, both saying they would pursue the “thousand friends and zero enemies” path embarked upon by current president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

The bad news is that for both candidates foreign policy just seemed so… well foreign.

Throughout the war of words, both Jokowi and Prabowo didn’t take foreign policy seriously, treating it as an afterthought to domestic political considerations. In particular neither candidate had really thought seriously about the many serious issues making waves right next door in the South China Sea.

I didn't have the answer for number 3 and 7 
i am sorry about that.

Question:

26/4/17

 Questions Answers:

 

1.     Mohammad Hatta in 1948 because Indonesia was a new country so it need a foreign policy.

2.     It originated from early Indonesian leaders because Indonesia needed a foreign policy to open its doors to the world. It is also in the Indonesian Constitution. “Subsequent thereto, to form a government of the state of Indonesia which shall protect all the people of Indonesia and their entire native land, and in order to improve the public welfare, to advance the intellectual life of the people and to contribute to the establishment of a world order based on freedom, abiding peace and social justice,” Indonesian Preamble.

3.     Free and Active means the country is not directly involved with international issues but has the freedom to react to them any way they want.

4.     To remain neutral so it doesn’t make enemies with other countries.

5.     So that people can understand about Indonesia’s foreign relations and abide the rules.

6.     There is only 1 main policy for foreign affairs.

7.     This policy is not a law so there is no punishment whatsoever for disobeying the policy. The policy is a government principle in foreign affairs.

8.     He can use it by wisely reacting to foreign issues so he can protect Indonesia’s image and neutrality in such issues.

9.     As I said in #7, a policy is not a law.

10.They can use it by following it so they do not cause any international problems.

The primary objectives were to be able to support economic development, to be able to preserve the regional and internal conducive to the nation’s development, and to guard Indonesia’s territory.

 

·      What are the positive effects of having a Free and Active Foreign Policy?

 

·      What is the meaning of Free and Active?

 

Free and active means that Indonesia is a country that does not join up or be at the same side with any powerful countries in other words “world powers” such as America and China. It also means that Indonesia will be active in responding to issues.

 

·      How does this policy represent Indonesia as a Republic?

 

·      How does Indonesia benefit from this Policy?

 

In my opinion This policy will benefit Indonesia because Indonesia will be benefit from the policy supporting its economic development and also Indonesia’s territory.

 

·      How does Indonesia maintain international and national integrity using this policy?

 

·      What is Indonesia’s role in foreign affairs connecting to the Policy?

 

·      How does Indonesia’s reaction to foreign events relate to the Policy?

 

·      How could the policy benefit other countries?

 

·      How does Free and Active affect Indonesia’s economy?

 

The free and active foreign policy affect Indonesia’s economy by supporting its development which is one of the main objectives of the policy.

Sources:

https://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/the-jakarta-post/20170316/281943132692855

http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/CIB9798/98cib13

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/indonesia/1953-04-01/indonesias-foreign-policy

It was introduced in 1948 by Mohammad Hatta. Since independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers. Indonesian foreign policy under the "New Order" government of President Suharto moved away from the stridently anti-Western, anti-American posturing that characterised the latter part of the Sukarno era. Following Suharto's ouster in 1998, Indonesia's government has preserved the broad outlines of Suharto's independent, moderate foreign policy. Preoccupation with domestic problems has not prevented successive presidents from travelling abroad and Indonesia's participation in many international fora. 

2. What is the response to the policy?

In my opinion the response to this policy was positive because usually whenever the government comes out with new laws or policies the citizens just follow.

 3. How does the government take action in the policies?

They can take action by making the policy fair to the government and to the citizens, they can also make good policies.

4. Why are the policies important?

Public policies essentially capture the intentions of the government. Without a policy there can be no governance. To govern there must be a set of guidelines. Policies provide those guidelines. Policies enable the public to measure the achievements of the government. If there is a public policy it can be critiqued and government can be pulled up for not implementing its policies. A policy document lists out the intentions or objectives of the government for a particular department.

5. Who is responsible for creating the policies?

 Policies are generally adopted by the Board of or senior governance body within an organization where as procedures or protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers. Policies can assist in both subjective and objective decision making.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy

6. Where do international countries take action in the policies?

The countries took action by presenting this policy to their citizens and trying to make their country better

7. Why are the policies called “free and active”?

Free means that they not under the control or in the power of another; able to act or be done as one wishes. Active means engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits.

8. What are the responsibilities of the government in the policies?

In my opinion their responsibilities are to create the policy and to create the policy fair to the citizens and them.

9. Which countries support the policies?

The countries that are supporting the policy are Korea, China, America, Japan and Singapore.

 
10.What are the pros and cons of the policies based on the perspective of Indonesia?Explain each one. 

1.What are the responsibilities of the indonesian foreign policy?

   The responsibilities are to take care of the foreign policy and all the laws 

2.Who are responsible for this indonesian foreign policy?

   The people who are responsible are the government

3.Who are the partners of this indonesian foreign policy?

   The partners are people that support this policy

4.What is the connection of this indonesian foreign policy and other foreign policy?

   The connection is that foreign people needs special visa or passports to live in the mentioned countries

5.Why is this indonesian foreign policy important?

Because it keeps foreign people from living freely in indonesia

6.When is this indonesian foreign policy made?

   Its made when Soekarno became president 

7.What are the negative effects of this indonesian foreign policy?

People from indoenesia cant live freely in indonesia
 8.Are there countries that uses this indonesian foreign policy?

9.Are there countries that doesn’t use this indonesian foreign policy?
 10.Who created this Indonesian foreign policy?

     Soekarno

2)  Foreign policy is made to manage the foreigners that comes and live in Indonesia.

3)  The foreign policy was made and agreed in DPR under foreign mister and Indonesian president to supervise

4)  To protect Indonesian land and citizen from the influence of the foreigners

5)  DPR and foreign policy -?

6)  To protect and control every activity of the foreigners

7)  All countries

8)  Controlling drugs, trafficking, export and import, cooperative relationship, land ownership.

9)  Undang undang No.9 tahun 1992 

10)                DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Indonesia)

(mom)
(UUD1945.com)

QUESTIONS HOMEWORK 

1.          Is there a country that doesn’t need a foreign policy? Why?

Every country has and needs a policy towards foreigners, since they need this policy to protect their country and keep up their relationship with other countries. Without this policy, it’s most likely that we would not be able to import or export.

 

2.         If there is a country without a foreign policy? Why?

No, from what I researched, every country uses this foreign policy. Since this policy is also used for safeness, because without this policy anyone all over the world would be able to bring anything they want, and if people have the freedom of being able to bring anything, they may bring illegal stuffs or bad stuffs.

 

3.         Is a foreign policy used worldwide? How?

Yes, a foreign policy is used worldwide, because all countries have their own regulations that may keep their country safe or up to what they expect from their country, that is why they use the foreign policy.

 

4.         What response does the Indonesian citizen have to the policy? why?

Indonesian’s citizen, may disagree and agree in the same time towards the regulations in the policy, but if they do disagree, Indonesian’s still need to follow and obey the regulations in the foreign policy.

 

5.         Why is Indonesian’s policy independent?

Since Indonesia wants to be organized with our own regulations that are not depending to other countries.

 

6.         What is the effect of not having a foreign policy? Why?

The effect of not having a foreign policy, the country will become dangerous, because any one can bring anything in or out. The country cannot protect their own product, since if foreign products come without using the regulations from the policy, the countries own product, may be unsuccessful and society will choose foreigners products from their owns.

 

7.         What is the effect of having a foreign policy? Why?

Having a foreign policy means that the country is safe, no foreigners are to get as much freedom. The country is protected and safe, their product is protected, so all foreigner products are equal, not to be the only product bought in the market.

 

8.         Does Indonesia need this free and active foreign policy?

Yes, Indonesia does need a free foreign policy, in Southeast Asia. While they need an active foreign policy internationally.

 

9.         Have the Indonesian foreign policy changed over time? How?

Yes, Indonesia has changed the foreign policy before becoming a free and active one, Indonesia a long time ago had gone out of united nations, and had become a closed foreign policy.

 

10.   Have the Indonesian people tried to change the policy? Why?

Indonesian citizen may have disagreements with the rules, but if they were to try and change the policy, there is most likely no effect and they still have to obey the regulations.

 

2.How was the policy made? 

The policy was made in 1948 by Indonesia’s first vice president Mohammad Hatta as a response to the polarity of the Cold War. 

 

3. How did this make a difference to Indonesia?

 

4. How much difference did it actually make? Give example

 

5. Why did they decide to make it after world war 2?

 

6. Is Indonesia the first to come up with this policy?

Yes, indonesia is the first to come up with the foreign policy “Free and Active”.

 

7. What does the policy aim to do to Indonesia?

This policy is supposed to help and lead indonesia on how to act, “free” means that Indonesia should act independently in international affairs and “active” stipulated the need for Indonesia to partake in the creation of world peace.

 

8. Do most people agree with this policy?

 

9. Does the policy keep changing over time? 

“After the independence from the Dutch colonial control the foreign policy of Indonesia can be divided into three distinct phases - the period when Sukarno was president of the country (1949-1965), foreign policy under president Suharto (1966-1998), and foreign policy after Suharto’s fall from power in May 1998.  Indonesia's foreign policy during these three distinct phases exhibited patterns of continuity in certain respects and change in the other.”

 

10. What is the  meaning of the word “Free” in the policy?

The meaning of the word free mean when after word war 2 a colony, indonesia, became a free country. “Free” meant/s Indonesia should act independently in international affairs.

*Sorry that i couldn't answer all the questions 

2. Who are responsible for this indonesian foreign policy?

3. Who are the partners of this indonesian foreign policy?

4. What is the connection of this indonesian foreign policy and other foreign policy?

5. Why is this indonesian foreign policy important?

6. When is this indonesian foreign policy made?

7. What are the negative effects of this indonesian foreign policy 
8. Are there countries that uses this indonesian foreign policy?

9. Are there countries that doesn’t use this indonesian foreign policy?
10. Who created this Indonesian foreign policy?

Indonesian Foreign Policy Answers:

By: Dylan.Z 

(ii).   “  Indonesia's participation at the meetings and implementation of international cooperation addresses the handling of weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons, transnational crimes and terrorism. Indonesia should encourage and actively raise the awareness of the internationalization of transnational crimes in each international forum it participates in.”
“The country participates in various international fora and facilitation to the implementation of international cooperation which addresses and handles non-security issues such as food, energy, environment, health and global financial crisis. Particularly with regards to HIV/AIDS-related health issues, Indonesia's diplomacy should focus on how to obtain the access and benefit sharing (ABS) which enables Indonesia to gain fair distribution since it also has a virus strain, rather than only as a market for the pharmaceutical industry.”

2. The president of indonesia and the people who are in the Indonesian Foreign Policy.

3. The countries who have a foreign policy, people who follow the foreign policy and who runs it or started it.

4. Difference is that other countries may have certain rules that the indonesian foreign policy doesn’t have because different countries don’t always have the same thing in indonesia so it can the be the rules or how they use the foreign policy.

5. “As a people just become free from colonialism, Indonesians are jealous of their country's independence. Slogans such as "liberty," "humanity," "social justice," "the brotherhood of nations" and "lasting peace," which were a sustaining force in the Indonesian national movement, are looked upon as ideals to be translated into practice. The Indonesian people, therefore, place a high value on international intercourse and are confident that what they long for in this respect will eventually become a reality. All these feelings help determine the country's foreign policy and the means employed to carry it out.”

6. After World War 2 because after world war 2, Indonesia wasn’t colonized by the netherland anymore so they decided to make a foreign policy because long time ago, there was racial discriminations so using the foreign policy was to make sure everyone was equal.

7. There are no negative effects because it is for indonesia to communicate with other countries peacefully and to stop any racial discriminations from indonesia with another country.

8. South Korea, Poland, Canada, Sweden, Turkey, Mexico.

9. European Countries because they just take orders from the U.S.A.

10.  A person who made the Indonesian Foreign Policy was after World War 2 because after world war 2 countries stopped fighting and started to become fair to each other so there is no more war and no racial discriminations.

Source: 

2. Before the free and active policy was established, Indonesia is suggested to side with one of these two countries, what are the countries?

3. Who was the former diplomat in of Indonesia who held an ambassadorship in France, Austria and Australia stressed the concept of “free and active” as a “guiding Principal”?

4. What are the four policy and diplomatic priorities that President Jokowi’s administration focuses on?

5. Why was the two countries (on question two) is suggested for Indonesia to join one of them? 

6. What are the effects of the foreign policy on Indonesia’s relationship with other countries?

7. Has there been any actions taken by the society regarding this foreign policy, if yes what.

8. Who is the person who used a unique approach regarding foreign policy during his presidency time?

9. What is the approach that the person (in question eight) used regarding foreign policy?

10. Has the free and active foreign policy cause any rivalry between a country and Indonesia, if yes what country?

Answers:
1. President jokowi outlined four foreign policies.
 2.US or China
 3.The United States or the rising China the two major global power.
 4.United States or China
 5.
 6. it made their relation ship better because if we never had foreign policy other people from other countries can’t come to Indonesia.
 7. as far as i have been reading is a no
 8. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
 9. Susilo Bambang used the “Thousand friends, zero enemies” approach during his presidency time
 10. not really 

to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers.

 

Yes

 

Indonesia would be a less Indonesian like territory, meaning that most of its culture and looks could be affected by the foreigners culture.

 

It preserves the Indonesian culture, saving it from getting affected by other cultures. It also gives a sign to the foreigners that this is our country and no one can change it.

 

Poland, Canada, Sweden, Turkey, Mexico, South Korea.

 

The foreign policy actually did not give the foreigners that much freedom if we see it through the perspective of culture. If we see it from the business point of view, it lets the foreigner make something that would catch the communities eye. It depends on how we see it

 

The President, or an Official who is appointed to the responsibility.

2. From all these time from past to future has there been a big change for free and active foreign policy?

3. Is the company ASEAN responsible for things in the free and active foreign policy? What are they responsible for?

4. Does the government or president of indonesia support the free and active foreign policy? What did they do?

5. Do all countries have free and active foreign policies?

6. Did the government changed the policies?

7. Is it important for all countries to have free and active policy?

8. What is the secondary objective of this policy?

9. What are the perspectives of other countries to this policy?

10. Are there any countries that changed their free and active foreign policy to Indonesian free and active foreign policy?

1. The citizens of Indonesia has the responsibility to follow and obey the free and active policy.

2.  No because there was only little changes to the policy.

3.The ASEAN company is responsible for helping the government run and make people obey the policy.

4. The government supports the policy by helping ASEAN support and make people obey the policy.

5. Not all countries have the free and active policy.

6. Yes the government changed the policies like the free and active one.

7. Not really because it is the governments choice to have it or not.

8. The secondary objective for the policy is to make them obey the policy.

9. America agrees with the policy and implemented it in there country.

10.Not in my understanding and the website i have searched on and other websites.