• This end is described in a passage in the Coffin Texts and a more explicit one in the Book of the Dead

• Atum says that he will one day dissolve the ordered world and return to his primeval, inert state within the waters of chaos. 

• All things other than the creator will cease to exist, except Osiris, who will survive along with him.

• Details about this eschatological prospect are left unclear, including the fate of the dead who are associated with Osiris.

• Yet with the creator god and the god of renewal together in the waters that gave rise to the orderly world, there is the potential for a new creation to arise in the same manner as the old.

• Egyptian mythology provides that only the elements from which the primordial world had arisen would eventually remain. 

• In an important section of the Coffin Texts, the creator god Atum states that after millions of years of creation, he and Osiris would eventually return to 'one place', the undifferentiated condition prevailing before the creation of the world. 

• This 'end of days' is more clearly described in the Book of the Dead within a dialog between Atum and Osiris. 

• Within this conversation, Osiris mourns the fact that he will eventually be isolated in eternal darkness, while the god Atum comforts him by pointing out that he would join him so that just the two would survive when the world eventually reverts back to the primeval ocean from which all else arose. 

• At this point, it is said that Atum and Osiris will take the form of serpents (symbolic of uniformed chaos) and there would be neither gods nor men to perceive them.

• Hence, though there was seemingly and endless cycle of birth, aging, death and rebirth amongst the gods, they would nevertheless eventually perish in the death of the cosmos itself, after which there would exist only the potential for life and death within the waters of chaos.

• “Apocalypse” is a Greek word

• Ancient Greek religion went about the end of the world in a surprising way: The world had already ended, more than once, before their time. 

• The Greeks considered the creation of humans to be no great shakes to the cosmos, even an annoyance to the gods in one story.

• In this one, a Titan (an elder god from a previous patheon) named "Prometheus” created humans out of clay and gave them fire to survive.

• In another, the gods experimented with different metals. This story comes from the Archaic Age poet, Hesiod (8th century BCE). 

• In his Works and Days, he introduced the idea of “ages” of man (The Golden Age, Silver Age, etc.). 

• First, the gods made a golden race, which lived in perfect bliss and survived after death as helpful spirits to later men.

• Then came the silver race, who were sometimes violent and did not survive death. The brass race was especially terrible, eventually killing each other. They were succeeded by the Age of Heroes, renowned in myth and legend. Hesiod believed he lived in the final and worst age, the Iron Age. This was the most vicious and short-lived of all. 

• Eventually, the king of the gods, Zeus, would destroy them, too.

• In another story, not unlike the story of Noah’s flood, the gods do destroy Mankind, with the exception of one faithful old couple, Deucalion and Pyrrha. 

• When the couple survives and tries to repopulate the earth, the gods tell them to throw “the bones of your mother” behind them, meaning stones (Earth being the mother of all). So, this sixth race is made of stone.

• I say “Mankind” because, except for the last story, humans are all men until the gods create the first woman, Pandora, give her all sorts of gifts, and send her down to punish men. 

• Yeah…the Greeks weren’t what you’d call “feminists”.

Hesiod also adds more information to Theogony's story of the first woman, a maiden crafted from earth and water by Hephaestus now explicitly called Pandora ("all gifts").

“Zeus in this case gets the help of Athena, Aphrodite, Hermes, the Graces and the Hours.
After Prometheus steals the fire, Zeus sends Pandora in retaliation.

Despite Prometheus' warning, Epimetheus accepts this "gift" from the gods.

Pandora carried a jar with her from which were released mischief and sorrow, plague and diseases.

Pandora shuts the lid of the jar too late to contain all the evil plights that escaped but Hope is left trapped in the jar because Zeus forces Pandora to seal it up before Hope can escape.

• In Norse mythology, Ragnarok is a series of apocalyptic events that will define the end of the world, where giants of frost and fire will together fight the gods in a final battle that will ultimately destroy the planet, submerging it under water. 

• According to the legend, the world will resurface, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors.

• The Norse Ragnarok is a classic in apocalyptic literature. You think the Christian approach is harsh, with most people not seeing the end of the Apocalypse, being cast into the Pit forever? Well, there is no “after” in the Ragnarok – at least, not for those in this world. The Gods battle with Loki (the god of mischief and chaos), the Frost Giants, the Midgard Serpent (Jormungandr), and a huge wolf (Fenrir). In the resulting chaos, almost everyone on both sides is killed and one survivor burns up the rest of the universe. Stars fall, the sun dims, and the ocean covers the earth (Note how many of these myths begin and end with water). Out of the chaos and death of the old world, a new one will grow, with the roots of its own Ragnarok already planted. The universe will be repeopled by a couple, Lif and Lifthrasr.

• If this sounds a bit christianised, it probably was. The Elder Edda, from which this myth comes, was a collection of oral pagan traditions that were later written down by Christian monks and poets around the 12th century. These chroniclers almost certainly put their own gloss on it, while ignoring aspects that didn’t fit what interested them (i.e., what couldn’t be fit into Christian dogma).

• Speaking of “roots”, a related myth talks about an ash tree, Yggdrasil, that holds up the world. It has its roots in Niflheim (the realm of the goddess Hel), its branches holding up Valhalla, where the gods live. Midgard (where humans live) is the trunk. But though Yggdrasil is mighty, it is not immortal. The serpent Níðhöggr gnaws away at the root near Niflheim. Someday, he will kill the tree, bringing down the universe with it.

• Ragnarök or Ragnarok, which in Old Norse means either Destiny or Dissolution (rök) of the Gods or Rulers (ragna), is a pre-Viking mythic tale of the end (and rebirth) of the world. A later form of the word Ragnarok is Ragnarokkr, which means Darkness or Twilight of the Gods.

• The story of Ragnarök is found in several medieval Norse sources, and it is summarized in the Gylfaginning (the Tricking of Gylfi) manuscript, part of the 13th century Prose Edda written by the Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson.

• Another story in the Prose Edda is the Seeress' Prophecy or Völuspa, and it too likely dates to the pre-Viking era.

• Based on the form of the words, paleo-linguists believe that this famous poem predates the Viking era by two to three centuries, and may have been written as early as the 6th century C.E. The earliest surviving copy was written on vellum — prepared animal skin used as writing paper — in the 11th century.

• The Tale

• Ragnarök begins with roosters crowing a warning to the nine worlds of the Norse. The cock with the golden comb in Aesir wakens Odin's heroes; the dun cock wakens Helheim, the Norse underworld; and the red cock Fjalar crows in Jotunheim, the world of the giants. The great hellhound Garm bays outside of the cavern at the mouth of Helheim called Gripa. For three years, the world is filled with strife and wickedness: brother battles brother for gain's sake and sons attack their fathers.

• That period is followed by what must be one of the most frightening end-of-the-world scenarios ever written because it is so plausible. In Ragnarok, Fimbulvetr or Fimbul Winter (the Great Winter) comes, and for three years, the Norse humans and gods see no summer, spring, or fall.

• Fimbul Winter's Fury

• Ragnarök recounts how the twos sons of Fenris the Wolf begin the long winter.

• Sköll swallows the sun and Hati swallows the moon and the heavens and air are sprayed with blood. The stars are quenched, the earth and mountains tremble, and trees are uprooted. Fenris and his father, the trickster god Loki, both of whom had been bound to the earth by the Aesir, shake off their bonds and prepare for battle.

• The Midgard (Mithgarth) sea serpent Jörmungandr, seeking to reach dry land, swims with such force that the seas grow turbulent and wash over their banks. The ship Naglfar once more floats on the flood, its boards made from dead men's fingernails. Loki steers the ship which is manned by a crew from Hel. The ice giant Rym comes from the east and with him all the Rime-Thursar.

• The snow drifts in from all directions, there are great frosts and keen winds, the sun does no good and there is no summer for three years in a row.

• Preparing for Battle

• Among the din and clamor of the gods and men rising to battle, the heavens are cleft open, and the fire giants of Muspell ride forth from the south Muspelheim led by Surtr. All these forces head towards the fields of Vigrid. In Aesir, the watchman Heimdall rises to his feet and sounds the Gjallar-Horn to rouse the gods and announce the final battle of Ragnarök.

• When the deciding moment draws near, the world-tree Yggdrasil trembles although it still remains standing. All in Hel's kingdom take fright, the dwarfs groan in the mountains, and there is a crashing in Jotunheim. The heroes of Aesir arm themselves and march upon Vigrid.

• The Gods Battle

• In the third year of the Great Winter, the gods battle one another to the death of both combatants. Odin fights the great wolf Fenrir who opens his jaws wide and is cracked. Heimdall fights Loki and the Norse god of weather and fertility Freyr battles Surtr; the one-handed warrior god Tyr fights with the Hel hound Garm. The bridge of Aesir falls under the horses' hooves and heaven is on fire.

• The last incident in the great battle is when the Norse thunder god Thor fights the Midgard serpent. He slays the serpent by crushing its head with his hammer, afterward, Thor can only totter nine steps before he too falls dead of the serpent's poison.

• Before dying himself, the fire giant Surtr hurls fire to scorch the earth.

• Regeneration

• In Ragnarök, the end of the gods and earth is not everlasting. The newborn earth rises from the sea once more, green and glorious. The sun bears a new daughter as beautiful as herself and she now guides the course of the sun in her mother's stead. All evil is passed and gone.

• On the Plains of Ida, those who did not fall in the last great battle gather: Vidar, Vali and the sons of Thor, Modi, and Magni. The beloved hero Baldur and his twin Hodrreturn from Helheim, and where Asgard once stood are scattered the ancient gold chessmen of the gods. The two humans Lif (Life) and Lifthrasir (she who springs from life) were spared Surtr's fire at Hoddmimir's Holt, and together they bring forth a new race of men, a righteous generation.

• Bukidnon (Mindanao)
• A long time ago there was a very big crab which crawled into the sea. And when he went in, he crowded the water out, so that it ran all over the earth and covered all the land.
• Now about one moon before this happened, a wise man had told the people that they must build a large raft.
•  116 They did as he commanded and cut many large trees, until they had enough to make three layers. 
• These they bound tightly together, and when it was done they fastened the raft with a long rattan cord to a big pole in the earth.
• Soon after this the floods came. 
• White water poured out of the hills, and the sea rose and covered even the highest mountains. The people and animals on the raft were safe, but all the others drowned.
• When the waters went down and the raft was again on the ground, it was near their old home, for the rattan cord had held.
• But these were the only people left on the whole earth.

The favorite concubine of the Chinese emperor has just given birth to a baby girl. Instead of seeing her child, she sees an opportunity.

Hoping to dethrone the current Empress Wang and take her place, Wu Zetian takes her baby into her arms for the last time and strangles the infant. She proceeds to blame the death on Wang, which isn’t hard to do since the emperor believes everything Wu — described by critics as “hated by gods and men alike” — says.

Wang then languishes in a solitary jail cell deep within the palace, leaving Wu to claim her place as empress. And when Wu’s new husband thinks he might forgive his former wife? Now-empress Wu doesn’t hesitate to have her brutally murdered. Wu Zetian, perhaps one of history’s worst moms, goes on to do the unthinkable: She becomes China’s sole female ruler.

• The sun goddess goes into hiding. 

• She has been offended by her brother the storm god, an unruly, malicious spirit who damages his sister’s rice fields and fouls the hall where she has been celebrating the festival of first fruits. 

• Outraged, the sun goddess withdraws into a cave. If that’s the way the world is, she will decline to shine on it. The “eighty myriads of gods” take counsel. 

• How can they lure her out? They decided to position a mirror and also, one of them, the “Dread Female of Heaven,” Marsha-Ten, lights a fire and dances a lewd dance, at which there is such hearty divine laughter that the sun goddess can’t resist a peek outside to see what’s going on.

• Seeing her radiance reflected in the mirror that had been set up outside the entrance, she was amazed at her brilliance which she had never seen before. 

• She returned to the world and life was renewed. The snake, draped on her arm, holds her brother's sword which she broke into 3 pieces that became Goddesses. 

• She is the central figure in the Shinto pantheon and the Japanese Imperial family claims descent from her. She is the eldest daughter of Izanagi. She was so bright and radiant that her parents sent her up the Celestial Ladder to heaven, where she has ruled ever since.

• The Woman of the Apocalypse or Woman clothed in the Sun, is a figure described in Chapter 12 of the Book of Revelation (written c. AD 95).

• The woman gives birth to a male child who is threatened by a dragon, identified as the Deviland Satan, who intends to devour the child as soon as he is born.

• When the child is taken to heaven, the woman flees into the wilderness leading to a "War in Heaven" in which the angels cast out the dragon.

• The dragon attacks the woman, who is given wings to escape, and then attacks her again with a flood of water from his mouth, which is subsequently swallowed by the earth. 

• Frustrated, the dragon initiates war on "the remnant of her seed", identified as the righteous followers of Christ.

• The Woman of the Apocalypse is widely identified as the Virgin Mary. 

• This interpretation is held by the ancient Church as well as in the medieval and modern Roman Catholic Church. 

• This view does not negate the alternative interpretation of the Woman representing the Church, as in modern Catholic dogma, Mary is herself considered both the Mother of God and the Mother of the Church. 

• Some Catholic commentaries, such as Thomas Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary (1859), allow for the interpretation of the woman as either the Church or Mary. 

• The commentary of the New American Bible (the official Roman Catholic Bible for America) states that "The woman adorned with the sun, the moon, and the stars (images taken from Genesis 37:9–10) symbolizes God’s people in the Old and the New Testament. 

• The Israel of old gave birth to the Messiah (Rev 12:5) and then became the new Israel, the church, which suffers persecution by the dragon (Rev 12:6, 13–17); cf. Is 50:1; 66:7; Jer 50:12."^[2]

• In Reformed theology and traditions which are averse to Marian veneration, the interpretation of the Woman represents the church

• "a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars" (12:1). The woman is pregnant and about to give birth, "travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered" (12:2).

• Then there is "a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads" (12:3) who is about to "devour her child as soon as it was born" (12:4). But her child is "caught up unto God" (12:5), and the woman herself is "fled into the wilderness, where she hath a place prepared of God, that they should feed her there a thousand two hundred and threescore days." (12:6)

• Then there is a description of "War in Heaven" of the angels against the dragon, and "the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him." (12:9)

• The woman is again mentioned in 12:13, as she is persecuted by the dragon, and "two wings of a great eagle" are given to her to escape (12:14). The dragon attacks her by "water as a flood" emerging from his mouth (12:15), but the flood is swallowed up by the earth (12:16), so the dragon went "to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ" (12:17).

• Be careful, read the information about your BA of choice
• Be proud of your work so it becomes better for you to explain your work
• It must be something professional and authentic, that represents what you want and who you are
• Research and Writting is a MUST
• Cultural diversity
• Relevant work
• Strong ending, strong beginning
• Clear Imagery
• Include workbooks
• Variety of techniques
• Show was ugly because error is a way of learning.

• Variety of techniques 
• Cultural imagery 
• Show even what’s not “pretty”

• Italian movies from the early 70’s
• Lots of drama and colors, dramatic takes 
• Light use
• Think about theatrical lights in my projects. Don’t think about what you are doing to much , just gader references and start working 
• Geography Process  (program) 

• What can I replace?
• What other process can I use instead?
• What happens when I replace a part of the project with something different?
• What if I change what the project communicates?
• Can I use a simpler/more complex process/color/typeface/ technic/material?

• Can I merge two different processes/materials?
• Can I combine two or more ideas to solve a problem?
• Can I mix two or more things?
• Can I combine anything at all?

• What / how can I change color size weight etc?
• How can I improve an existing process?
• How can I adjust the existing work by slight modification?
• How can I enhance the existing work by using a more complex process/different material?

• How will the audience engage with the work if it much smaller?
• How would I change the size aspect of the work to address a different audience/ context?

• What if I had a different audience?
• Are there ways of communicationg different message?
• Are there other practical uses for the work?
• Can I use the work in a different context?

• What would happen if I removed or added something?
• Can I achieve a similar outcome without a specific element?
• Do I need specific element at all? 
• Can I simplify or take away completely?
• What would we do if I had to work with half the number of elements?
• What if I multiply some of the elements?

• What Would happen if I look at things in mirror image?
• Can I rearrange the current elements in the opposite way?

• mutate
• transmute
• age
• alter
• change
• develop
• diverge
• mature
• remake
• remodel
• reshape
• ripen
• transfigure
• translate
• transmogrify
• transubstantiate

• loosen
• unlock
• unravel
• disentangle
• free
• loose
• release
• unblock
• unfasten
• unloosen
• untie
• unwrap
• unclose
• unfix

"History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. "

— Karl Marx, 1852

• accomplish
• achieve
• act
• close
• complete
• conclude
• create
• determine
• end
• execute
• finish
• make
• move
• operate
• perform
• prepare
• produce
• succeed
• undertake
• work
• arrange
• cause
• cook
• discharge
• effect
• fix

• Galápagos: Brazilian toy company
• Grow: more aimed at games with strategy, but they also have many children aimed games.
• Estrela: much more kids games than anything else.
• PBKids: toy store, one of the biggest.
• RiHappy: toy store, the biggest one probably, they don't have much online selling.
• AceStudio: brazilian toy company with a very big range of board games approach
• RedBox: brazilian toy company with a very big range of board games approach

Children up to age three tend to prefer bright, primary colors over pastels, and favor bright luminous
colors such as red, orange, pink and yellow. Color is preferred over black. Red is preferred during
early preschool years. Interest in cooler colors increases as children grow older and preferences for
high intensity decreases.