https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology Please post all Your Findings here and do comment and suggestions en-us 2017-03-13 12:15:07 UTC 2026-03-19 22:08:30 UTC hello@padlet.com jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757329 2017-03-27 10:44:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757329 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757845 2017-03-27 10:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757845 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757891 2017-03-27 10:47:28 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/162757891 tharish2231 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013008 I've shared a link, which is an article about a strain of Salmonella Typhimurium and the diseases it will cause in humans.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiWt4OLw_jSAhULtI8KHUbjCQMQFggdMAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3323380%2F&usg=AFQjCNGqd9wQtoFp_2QbTe9qCagfz1bT6A&sig2=gwKBLnM1xCXUwzv6R7e6DA

]]> 2017-03-28 06:04:37 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013008 tharish2231 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013611 Salmonella Typhimurium
Gram stain - Negative

Description - It's a cylindrical rod, the size is about 2 microns by 0.5 microns which is much smaller then the cells in a human. Humans can get salmonella poison by eating some tomatoes, eggs, and peanut butter that might have salmonella in it. In humans the growth causes gastroenteritis. Illness usually begins by nausea and vomiting.

How salmonella typhimurium attacks and spreads - Attacks by getting injected in the mouth by something that a person ate. You can get it from uncooked food, dirty food, or if hot food becomes warm and stays warm for a long time. Then the Salmonella will spread through your mouth into your body and make a person sick.

Common victims to prey upon - Any person can get Salmonella poison but it's mostly the young and old people.

Where can you find Salmonella Typhimurium? - Usually found at a public restaurant by food that is bad. Although, you can also find it in a place like a dirty bathroom.

Injury done to victim - The most common injury that happens to a victim is vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Most people go with out the sickness being treated. You just need to let it come out of your body and let it do its own thing. There is no vaccination you can get from Salmonella.

Is Salmonella armed and dangerous and degree of damage? - Yes, Salmonella is considered to be armed and dangerous because people have died from it. There was recently a recall on peanut butter because of Salmonella being it in. The degree of damage is really bad because 1.4 million people get it in America a year. All of those people don't die from it, but they still get sick from it.

Number of victims - Almost 400 people die from Salmonella per year.

Effective weapons - Cook beef and eggs until completely done. Washing hands and surfaces thoroughly. Be careful and make sure that food for infants and the elderly is completely cooked.

Identifying characteristics - Salmonella is found in many different foods so you cannot see it because it's a bacteria inside the food such as eggs. You can also find Salmonella in a bathroom; it's so small that the naked eye will not be able to see it.]]> 2017-03-28 06:10:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013611 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013762 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/lab-rat/how-to-eat-your-host-pathways-for-nutrition-in-salmonella/

In order to eat, therefore, the internal bacteria must find ways of stealing and sequestering nutrients from the infected cells. A recent paper from, PLoS Pathogens (reference 1) shows how Salmonella infecting rat cells manage to find enough nutrients to grow and develop.

In order to explore what pathways the bacteria could use to intake nutrients, the researchers used both computational and in vitro experiments to look at proteins and genes suitable for metabolism. What they found was that following an infection the Salmonella was able to mobilise a large section of its genome in order to carry out metabolic reactions.

Rather than just concentrating on using one particular metabolite from the host cell (i.e having lots of pathways to metabolise glucose) the Salmonella was able to exploit a diverse range of host molecules, without preferring one to the other. Adding either glucose or mannitol to established Salmonella colonies caused an increase in growth.

Further experiments, combined with the computational data, indicated that the Salmonella bacteria use a wide range of chemically diverse nutrients inside the host cell in order to grow; including different lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, and various pro-vitamins. This does mean that the Salmonella requires a large number of genes to deal with nutrition, but on the plus side, once it gets into the cell it's far more likely to grow and survive with any small amount of food it can scavenge.

Salmonella lives inside the host cell. In order to protect itself from attacks from the cells defence system, the bacteria stays safely wrapped up in a vacuole inside the cell. While this does stop the cell destroying it, it may make it harder for the bacteria to cannibalise available nutrients, meaning it has to have the capacity to utilise whatever it can get hold of.]]> 2017-03-28 06:11:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163013762 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163014414 2017-03-28 06:16:40 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163014414 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163015991 2017-03-28 06:26:03 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163015991 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163016776 2017-03-28 06:30:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163016776 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163016982 2017-03-28 06:31:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163016982 jamuna_arumugam https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163017300 2017-03-28 06:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163017300 hemalah67 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163993091  ]]> 2017-03-31 15:02:34 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163993091 hemalah67 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163993434 2017-03-31 15:03:46 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/163993434 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/166440888 Most people recover without treatment, but if treatment is requested, the patient can take over the counter anti-diarrheals and other otc meds to help keep the patient comfortable.  Since dehydration is usually the biggest concern for patients, hydration is the best treatment.


If their infection is extremely severe or the bacteria leaves the GI tract and travels somewhere else, (such as the bloodstream) antibiotics may be needed.]]> 2017-04-15 19:37:03 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/166440888 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/166440995 To diagnose a S. typhimurium infection, a person's stool sample is often cultured. If salmonella bacteria grow the patient is said to be "culture confirmed".

They are also able to do PCR amplification of the invA gene sequence to help diagnose and infection. (Www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089085089290002F)]]> 2017-04-15 19:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/166440995 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/170647150 2017-05-09 00:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/170647150 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/214417116 2017-12-08 09:14:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/214417116 https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/214417128 2017-12-08 09:14:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tharish2231/Microbiology/wish/214417128