Frederick Douglass by Tylie Santiago

February 1818

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Frederick Douglass was born on February 1818 in Cordova, MD. The date of his birth is unknown though he celebrates his birthday on Valentine's day. He was also born into slavery and he was taken from his mother as an infant.

1819- 23

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He was raised by his grandmother in a farm where he was born and he would see his mother only a few time. In 1820 his sister Kitty was born then in 1822 his other sister, Arianna, was born.

1824-26

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He moved plantation where he lived with his siblings Perry, Sarah, and Eliza. Then in 1825 he sees his mother one last time before she dies in 1826. During that same year he is sent to Baltimore to live with Hugh Auld and his wife Sophia. His master and supposively his father, Aaron Anthony, died later that year and Frederick became Anthony's son-in-law, Thomas Auld's property.

1827-30

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Sophia Auld decides to teach Frederick how to read she does it until Hugh Auld stops them and tells her that education makes slaves reblious. During 1828-30 Frederick works in shipyard as a general assistant and practices reading and writing in secret.

1831-35

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He reads a newspaper article on John Quincy Adam's antislavery petitions in Congress and learns about the Abolitionist movement and buys copies of a compilation of speeches to practice his reading and speaking skills. In 1832 His sister Sarah then got sold to a planter in Mississippi. 1833 Frederick was sent to St. Michaels, Maryland to work for Thomas Auld and he tried to teach the other slaves how to read until Auld caught him and stopped him. In 1834 Auld rented Frederick out to farmer Edward covey also known as the "slave breaker" and Frederick was beat several times before finally fighting back, and Covey never tried to beat him again. In 1835 Frederick was hired out to work for William Freeland and secretly organized Sunday school and taught other slaves to read.

1836-38

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He makes an escape plan, but it was discovered, and he went to jail and then released. He then returned to work for Hugh and Sophia Auld in Baltimore and was hired out as a caulker in a Baltimore shipyard and he gained some knowledge that would help him escape slavery two years later. In 1837 He joins the East Baltimore Mental Improvement Society, a debating club of free black men and through the society he meets Anna Murray, a free African American housekeeper. September 3rd, 1838, He borrows papers from a free black sailor and escapes slavery to go to New York and changes his last make to Johnson. September 15 in the same year, he marries Anna Murray. They then move to New Bedford, Massachusetts where Frederick works as an unskilled laborer, and they stay with caterers Mary and Nathan Johnson and Nathan suggests to Frederick to take the last name Douglas from a book character and so he does but changes it to Douglass. He also tries to get a job as a caulker but the white workers threatened to quit if he was hired.

1839-41

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June 24, 1839, his daughter Rosetta is born. Douglass then subscribes to William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist weekly the liberator and hears him speaking in April. He then becomes a licensed preacher for the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. In 1840 his son Lewis Henry is born. In 1841 He speaks at an antislavery meeting and Abolitionist William C. Coffin talks him into speaking about his life in slavery at an Antislavery society convention and William Lloyd Garrison follows his words and encourages Douglass. The society was impressed and hired him as a speaker.

1843-48

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At an antislavery meeting in Pendleton, Indiana, Frederick was beaten by a mob and broke his right hand. He never fully recovered the use of the hand. October 21, 1844, his second son Charles Remond was born. In 1845 He published his book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. He then meets Susan B. Anthony while on a speaking tour and becomes a champion of women's rights. In 1847 He returns from overseas tour and moves to Rochester, New York. With the money he raised he buys printing press and begins publishing Abolitionist weekly North Star and continues to publish it until 1851. In 1848 he participants in first women's rights convention and then meets and becomes acquaintance of Abolitionist John brown. His daughter Rosetta was then asked to leave school because she was African American and Douglass began to struggle with segregation in public schools. March 22 of that same year his second daughter Annie was born, and he hires a tutor to teach his wife, Anna, to read but was unsuccessful.

1851-55

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He merges North star and Gerrit Smith's r Liberty party paper to create Frederick Douglass's Paper that was printed up until 1860. He then agrees with Smith about the Constitution being an Antislavery document revering his opinion on it being proslavery that he shared with William Lloyd Garrison and that change of opinion caused a rift between them. In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin and it helped gather opinions about slavery on both sides. In 1855 Frederick publishes his second autobiography called My Bondage and My Freedom.

1856-62

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He becomes friends with a German Journalist named Ottilia Assing who translate his second book in German. In 1857 in the Dred Scott case the U.S. Supreme court rules that African Americans are not U.S. citizens. In 1859 Frederick and John Brown start a raid in Harers Ferry then in Virginia where they plan to start a slave insurrection and provide refuge for slaves but then the Federal troops capture John and hang him, and Frederick flees to Canada to escape arrest for being Brown's accomplice. That same year Frederick begins to publish Douglass' Monthly as a supplement to Frederick Douglass' paper, but it became an independent paper the following year up until 1863. In March of 1860 Annie dies in Rochester at the age of 10, in April Frederick returns to the United States and is not charged in the raid, then in November Abraham Lincoln is elected president, then in December South Carolina secedes from the union. In 1861 the Civil war happens and in 1862 Congress abolishes slavery in Washington, DC.

1863-65

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In January Lincoln abolishes slavery in states that are "rebellion".

becoming the first Regiment of African American solider in the 54th Massachusetts infantry. 180,000 African American serve the civil war on the Union side including Douglass' sons Lewis, Charles, and Fredrick Jr.

August 10 in the same year Frederick meets up with the president to discuss about the unequal payment and poor treatment black soldiers get.

On August 19 1894, after a second meeting with Lincoln, Douglass was asked by Lincoln to prepare an effort to help the slaves to escape to the north, in case the war was not a victory.

April 14, 1865, unfortunately Lincoln was assassinated by John Wikes both. December 18 on that same year the thirteenth amendment in the constitution outlawing slavery is ratified. Douglass lectures on reconstruction and women's right during that same year up to his death.

1870-75

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in 1870 he edits and owns the New National Era weekly newspaper for African Americans but ended up losing ten thousand dollars in 1874. That same year the fifteenth Amendment in the constitution was adopted. In 1871 President Ulysses S. Grant appoints Douglass to the commission investigating the possibility of annexing the Dominican Republican to the U.S. In 1872 The Equal Rights Party nominates Douglass as vice president and in that same year him and his family move to Washington, D.C. after a mysterious fire destroys his house in Rochester. March of 1874, He becomes president of the troubled Freedmen's Saving and Trust Company and works with the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee to save the bank but it fails. March of 1875, Congress passes a Civil Rights Act prohibiting discrimination in public places.

1877-89

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In 1877, Douglass is appointed U.S. marshal of the District of Columbia by President Hayes. In 1878 He purchases Cedar Hill, in Anacostia, Washington, D.C. The twenty-room house sat on nine acres of land before he later expanded the estate by buying fifteen acres of adjoining land. In 1881 He publishes his third and last book called The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. President Garfield appointed one of his own friends as the Post U.S. Mashall and made Douglass recorder of deeds for the District of Columbia then, to a high-paying job. August 4th of the same year Douglass's wife of forty-four years, Anna Murray Douglass, dies after suffering a stroke and Frederick goes into a depression. In 1883 the U.S. Supreme Court rules the civil rights act of 1875 unconstitutional. In 1884 January 24th, Douglass marries Helen Pitts, a white woman that was his secretary when he was recorder of deeds. The marriage caused controversy among the Douglasses' friends, family, and the public. In1886-87 Douglass and his wife tours Europe and Africa. July 1, 1889 he was appointed U.S. minister resident and consul general, Republic of Haiti and charge d'affaires, Santo Domingo. He arrives in Haiti in October.

1890-95

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In 1890 The U.S. government instructs Douglass to ask permission for the U.S. Navy to use the Haitian port town of Mole St. Nicholas as a refueling station. In 1891 in April Haiti rejects the Navy's proposal as it is too intrusive and because of that the U.S press reports that Douglass is too sympathetic for Haitian interests and Douglass resigns as minister in July. in 1892- 93 Douglass is commissioner in charge of the Haitian exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Finally in February 20th, 1895 He speaks at a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D.C. and dies suddenly that evening of heart failure while describing the meeting to his wife.