DNA technology advances and uses in forensic science by

DNA fingerprints are discovered

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-23 22:32:23 UTC

Dr. Alec Jeffreys

Discovered similar DNA sequences between seals and humans, then he created a radioactive probe that would attach to those sequences, exposing the unique sequences of each DNA; a DNA fingerprint.

First case solved using DNA analysis

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-24 02:21:24 UTC

In 1986, Dr. Alec Jeffreys was contacted to assist in the investigation of a rape. Dr. Alec Jeffreys was given DNA material (Semen) obtained from both victims to examine. Police arrested a suspect, but he was released after his DNA was compared with the DNA obtained from the victims. He became the first suspect cleared thanks to DNA analysis.

Eventually, the murderer was located by analyzing the DNA of the suspects as a result of gossip.

The first use of DNA analysis:

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-24 02:42:38 UTC

In 1985, a family from Ghana became UK citizens. One of the members of the family traveled back to Ghana. Once he traveled back to the UK, he forgot his passport and was not given entrance to the country. He could not prove who he was, so the family's lawyer contacted Dr. Alec Jeffreys and asked him to confirm that the boy was his mother's son. The results confirmed this suggestion and opened the door to the use of this method in forensic cases.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is discovered

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-25 02:39:33 UTC

In 1868, Dr. Friedrich Miescher tried to isolate and identify the protein components of white blood cells. Instead, during the process of his experiment, he isolated a new and different molecule from the cell nucleus and named it Nuclein (Deoxyribonucleic acid).

Twins have differences in their genotype

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-26 20:56:04 UTC

DNA Worldwide and Eurofins Forensic discovered 5 mutations called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in one of the twins but not in the other. This discovery was possible thanks to the use of DNA profiling and Genomic sequencing.

First human chromosome is decoded

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-26 21:53:12 UTC

A group of researchers from around the world worked together to decode the sequence that makes up the DNA of chromosome 22. It was found that chromosome 22 contains 33.5 million bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine).

National DNA Index System (NDIS) is created by the Federal bureau of investigation (FBI)

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-26 22:11:43 UTC

NDIS is created by the FBI for criminal justice agencies to input DNA records into this system to store them. This allows law enforcement to identify suspects quickly and accurately if DNA evidence is found at a crime scene.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is created

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-26 22:39:06 UTC

Dr. Kary Mullis invented a method to amplify DNA. It has a number of uses, including bacterial bacteria, disorders diagnosis, and DNA identification. This method has been widely used in the medical field due to its accuracy and efficiency. It has also proven to be an invaluable tool in criminal investigations.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is developed

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-26 23:04:15 UTC

Dr. Tsugunori Notomi developed a faster, cheaper, and more accurate DNA amplification method. This new method eliminates PCR problems, providing a more precise reaction. LAMP can be used in the same areas as PCR and more.

Othram

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 02:48:34 UTC

Othram specializes in forensic genetic analysis. It assists with criminal investigations and is constantly seeking to improve the methods used in DNA analysis. It uses small amounts of genomic material to provide accurate results.

1,650th victim of 9/11 is identified

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 03:04:58 UTC

John Ballentine Niven becomes the 1,650th person identified using a DNA sample found in the area of the attack. Using military equipment and DNA data bases, it was possible to identify John Ballentine.

The first automated DNA sequencer is invented

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 03:23:15 UTC

Created by Lloyd M. Smith using the Sanger sequencing method, this equipment facilitates DNA sequencing, helping in both the biomedical and forensic fields. The machine sequences DNA quickly and accurately, providing evidence in criminal cases and suport in the biomedical field.

Sanger sequencing

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 03:31:42 UTC

Dr. Frederick Sanger discovered a way to determine DNA sequence order. His method could only be used on single-stranded DNA, and through electrophoresis he was able to identify each base of his DNA sample. Sanger's method revolutionized genetics and allowed scientists to better understand DNA structure.

Synthesis of oligonucleotides

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 04:02:07 UTC

Dr. Alexander Todd used chemical methods to separate nucleotides apart. He determined their chemical structure and was able to synthesize a sequence of bases (oligonucleotides), which would later on be used in polymerase chain reaction.

Interpol's DNA data base

aggutierrez6 — 2024-01-27 05:20:24 UTC

The Interpol DNA database was created in 2002 with information from the United States and 87 member countries. This database contains approximately 280,000 DNA profiles, which are used to solve crimes.