https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7 en-us 2019-10-14 18:10:27 UTC 2026-01-16 17:13:01 UTC hello@padlet.com gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397562238 How does group running compare to individual running in its effects on self-efficacy as it relates to running?]]> 2019-10-14 18:11:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397562238 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397562330 Self-Efficacy]]> 2019-10-14 18:11:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397562330 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564403 Social Facilitation]]> 2019-10-14 18:16:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564403 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564579 Perceived Exertion]]> 2019-10-14 18:16:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564579 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564813 LaGuardia, R., & Labre, E. E. (1993). Self-efficacy anxiety and their relationship to training and race performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 77(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.27
This source explains how the phenomenon of self-efficacy affects running performance in training and in races. 
I could use this source to explain how/why differences in self-efficacy lead to differences in performance. If I try to create a connection between group social cohesion and self-efficacy, this source could provide a bridge to analysis of actual performance.]]> 2019-10-14 18:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564813 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564913 Moritz, S. E., & Feltz, D. L. (2000). The Relation of Self-Efficacy Measures to Sport Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 71(3), 280. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.10608908
This source gives insight into how self-efficacy affects sport performance. It consists of a study which investigates how one’s self-efficacy correlated with their subsequent performance in sport.
I could use this source to prove that self-efficacy has a tangible effect on sport performance, helping with my value and purpose of my study.]]> 2019-10-14 18:16:56 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564913 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564950 "Self-Talk and Sports Performance: A Meta Analysis" (citation needed)
This source explains the phenomenon of “self-talk” and details how this phenomenon can influence both sport performance as well as how social factors can influence this “self-talk.”
*I need more information about this source* This source could help me explain how self-efficacy influences sport performance. It could also allude to possible connections between social cohesion and self-efficacy, which I could study further.]]> 2019-10-14 18:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397564950 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397565011 https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1779&context=etd (citation needed)
This source details a study of physical activity related self-efficacy. It uses a questionnaire to measure self-efficacy as it relates to particular physical activities and compares it to performance on these activities.
This source goes into extreme detail in measuring self-efficacy and could therefore be used as an example of how to go about measuring and comparing results for this measurement. ]]> 2019-10-14 18:17:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397565011 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568025 Kerr, N. L. and Hertel, G. (2011), The Köhler Group Motivation Gain: How to Motivate the ‘Weak Links’ in a Group. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5: 43-55. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00333.x
This source provides a less-focused view on how social interaction during exercise can affect others. It explains how social interaction can affect and motivate others to act differently during exercise.
I could use this source to provide context to the issue or show literature regarding the area of research that doesn’t directly address the gap that I will research.]]> 2019-10-14 18:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568025 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568374 https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/JEPonlineDECEMBER2016_Carnes.pdf (no citation provided?)
This source addresses the effects of peer influence on runners. It reports on a study which found a few different things regarding runners and how they are influenced by social interaction during their running.  
This source directly addresses the area of research that I hoped to study. I could use it to give me an idea for a gap in the research and also ideas for how to conduct a good study about running.]]> 2019-10-14 18:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568374 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568424 This source studies the connection between group cohesion and individual adherence to physical activity. The study finds that group cohesion is positively correlated with adherence to physical activity.
This source could provide reference or potential explanation for the effects of social cohesion if found through my own study. It provides a general view of how group activity affects sport performance.]]> 2019-10-14 18:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568424 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568462 Andersson, M. A. and Christakis, N. A. (2016), Desire for weight loss, weight‐related social contact, and body mass outcomes. Obesity, 24: 1434-1437. doi:10.1002/oby.21512
This source discusses social influence on exercise patterns, specifically in regards to weight loss. It explains how interaction correlates with effects of weight loss.
I could use this source as more context for the research I do and it could help inform the methods or tools I use to conduct and create my study. The information on similar effects in this source could give me an idea of what to look for when conducting my own study.]]> 2019-10-14 18:23:43 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/397568462 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400485770 Bendre, V., & Mardhekar, V. (2018). Impact of Social Self-efficacy on Personal Growth of Adolescents Active in Sports. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 13(2), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.32381/JPR.2018.13.02.9
This source explains self-efficacy and its psychological effects and implications. 
I could use this source to provide a broader view on self-efficacy and explain how it is affected by social cohesion.]]> 2019-10-21 18:08:48 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400485770 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400486561 CARNES, A. J., PETERSEN, J. L., & BARKLEY, J. E. (2016). Effect of Peer Influence on Exercise Behavior and Enjoyment in Recreational Runners. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), 30(2), 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001064
This source talks about the effect of peer influence on running enjoyment and behavior. It details a study in which the correlation between these factors was examined.
The focus of this study is very specific and highly focused. It addresses almost exactly the subject I hoped to research. I can use this source to help me locate a gap in the research and possibly support a hypothesis for research that I conduct.]]> 2019-10-21 18:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400486561 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400486659 Curry, J., Jenkins, J. M., & Weatherford, J. (2015). Focus on Freshman: Basic Instruction Programs Enhancing Physical Activity. Physical Educator, 72(4), 621–639. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2015-V72-I4-6472
This source details a study which compares group cohesion in exercise classes and adherence to the activities within these exercise classes. It shows a correlation between group cohesion and physical activity performance.
I could use this source to show the effects of social cohesion as it relates to exercise and to give more evidence.]]> 2019-10-21 18:09:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400486659 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488240 Faulkner, J., Parfitt, G., & Eston, R. (2008). The rating of perceived exertion during competitive running scales with time. Psychophysiology, 45(6), 977–985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00712.x
This source studies the relationship with perceived exertion and a few other factors including heart-rate and pacing strategy. It details how perceived exertion is affected by the other factors.
I could apply this study in a few different ways. Firstly, I could use it to gather potential methods of gathering information as it measures perceived exertion and I could use similar tools in my own study. I also may benefit from taking into account the results of the study in hypothesizing and focusing my own.]]> 2019-10-21 18:11:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488240 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488328 Worringham, C. J., & Messick, D. M. (1983). Social Facilitation of Running: An Unobtrusive Study. Journal of Social Psychology, 121(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1983.9924462
This source details a study which unobtrusively studies the effect of social facilitation on running. The study finds that in the mere presence of another person, running performance is increased.
I could use this source to provide another view on social facilitation and its effects on running. This provides additional details on this issue.]]> 2019-10-21 18:12:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488328 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488399 https://jeb.biologists.org/content/160/1/55.long (no citation provided?)
This source explains how energy is used and how it can be saved while running. It gives a physical explanation of how what parts of running require exertion and energy.
I may be able to use this source to explain my findings in a physical way or inform my research into what potential physical changes may cause an energy-saving effect while running.]]> 2019-10-21 18:12:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488399 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488456 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941007 (citation needed)
This source details how different physical aspects of running manifest into effects in running performance. The study finds that most found it easier to complete a run when others were present versus when they were alone.
This study could serve as background or possibly evidence in my problem statements as it demonstrates the phenomenon of difference in perceived effort in the presence of a group.]]> 2019-10-21 18:12:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488456 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488778 There is a problem in or with understanding how exercising alone versus with others influences one’s self-efficacy with regards to that exercise. Despite the fact that one’s condition is the same no matter their circumstances when running, runners report higher enjoyment and lower exertion when running with others. A possible cause of this problem is social influence creating changes in perceived effort and performance. Perhaps a study which investigates how a runner’s self-efficacy is affected when running with others by a case study could remedy this situation.]]> 2019-10-21 18:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400488778 gavin_white3 https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400951598 Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Romero-Moraleda, B., Cupeiro, R., Peinado, A. B., Butragueño, J., & Benito, P. J. (2018). The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy, rating of perceived exertion and running mechanics in elite distance runners: A double-blinded, randomized study. PLoS ONE, 13(7), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200517
This source explains a specific study in which perceived exertion was measured under specific experimental circumstances. 
I could use this source as a guide to how I can measure perceived exertion and understand its effects.]]> 2019-10-22 15:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gavin_white3/r19vj4hytmy7/wish/400951598