TIMELINE OF TECHNOLOGIES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING by Rosinalva Ordonia da Silva https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1 This timeline demonstrates the way different tools have been used in language learning over the years, and relate the use of resources to specific approaches to language teaching. en-us 2018-07-08 13:42:01 UTC 2023-02-28 00:07:18 UTC hello@padlet.com The Direct Approach recalls the traditional methods of teaching grammar, whereby new linguistic information is passed and practiced explicitly without having the translation step. As the use of the mother tongue was forbidden, the teachers must be native speakers or have a high proficiency in the target language. Language classes following this approach adapt various features of direct grammar instruction to the teaching of conversational skills. Teachers were helped by realia, pictures and actions. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269662439 2018-07-08 15:55:52 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269662439 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269689378 Direct Approach focuses on oral language instead of language structure.]]> 2018-07-09 02:09:07 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269689378 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269694004 2018-07-09 03:11:26 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269694004 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269694961 2018-07-09 03:24:30 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269694961 The Oral Approach or Situational Language Teaching is based on a structural view of language. Speech, structure and a focus on a set of basic vocabulary are seen as the basis of language teaching. It gives emphasis on the presentation of structures in situations. The teacher can convey meaning when there is no obvious support . So he/she can provide meaningful contexts for drill work in the form of pictures, dialogues and other forms of ‘situation’. For example, the ‘situation’ of opening a window could be used to characterize the contrasting meanings of verb forms in sequences like: ‘I’m going to open the window’ ... ‘I’m opening the window’ ... ‘I’ve just opened the window’ — with all the appropriate moves and gestures . rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695037 2018-07-09 03:25:21 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695037 Teacher serves as a model. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695133 2018-07-09 03:26:59 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695133 In the Audiolingual Method the emphasis was on the acquisition of structures and patterns in common everyday dialogue. These patterns are elicited, repeated and tested until the responses given by the student in the foreign language are automatic, so drills are used to teach structural patterns. It says that skills are learned more effectively if oral precedes written. Then the teacher provides model, controls direction and pace using tapes and visuals, and language labs are often used. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695213 2018-07-09 03:28:11 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695213 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695483 2018-07-09 03:32:21 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695483 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695575 Drills, repetition, pronunciation ]]> 2018-07-09 03:33:47 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695575 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695621 2018-07-09 03:34:49 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695621 The Total Physical Response is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity. According to it, learning a second language is the same as learning the mother tongue, so comprehension comes before the production. Imperative drills are given to elicit physical actions . Initially voice, action, and gestures are sufficient. Teachers do not use basic text, instead materials and media have an important role. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695661 2018-07-09 03:35:33 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695661 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695696 A TPR sequence is demonstrated.]]> 2018-07-09 03:36:14 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695696 The Natural Approach claims that language learning is a reproduction of the way humans naturally acquire their native language. It is based on the Language acquisition theory , which is a natural subconscious process, in oposition to the learning conscious process. It argues that the essence of language is meaning. Vocabulary not grammar is the heart of language. Therefore, its activities involve meaningful communication topics derived from learners needs. The teacher must provide comprehensible input and a rich mixture of classroom activities. Materials come from realia (object lessons, pictures, mime) rather than textbooks. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695794 2018-07-09 03:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695794 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695809 2018-07-09 03:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695809 Its is based on Language acquisition theory and uses meaningful communication activities. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695905 2018-07-09 03:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695905 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695981 2018-07-09 03:40:39 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269695981 The Communicative Approach sees language as a system for the expression of meaning. So, it is based on the idea that learning language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning. When learners are involved in real communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language.Teachers are facilitators of the communication process , engaging learners on it through task-based activities using authentic materials. It means that students get to hear the language, from the teacher, from multimedia resources (TV,DVDs, video and audio tapes, radio, pictures, online, games, flashcards ), from other students, or any other authentic language discourse source. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696005 2018-07-09 03:41:05 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696005 Focus on communicative competence. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696026 2018-07-09 03:41:29 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696026 The Socio-cognitive Approach argues that the language is crucially a form of social action and/or a tool for performing social action. It also claims that mind, body, and world function integratively in second language acquisition. Then, a proper treatment of language acquisition requires inclusion of both cognitive and social aspects. The social is related to what is going on in the outside world; the cognitive is related to what is going on the inside world. From socio-cognitive perspective, human behavior is the result of integration of mediation into human activity. This activity might be either psychological or social. Interaction plays a central role in second language acquisition, both with other human beings and environments, situations, tools, and affordances. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696116 2018-07-09 03:43:04 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696116 Interaction plays a central role in Socio-cognitive approach. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696151 2018-07-09 03:43:39 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696151 Environmental factor , Personal factor and Behavior. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696231 2018-07-09 03:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696231 The Silent Way rested on cognitive rather than affective arguments, and was characterised by a problem-solving approach to learning. The teacher is supposed to be silent - hence the name of the method - and must disabuse himself of the tendency to explain everything to them. It also points out that each language is composed of elements that give it a unique rhythm and spirit. Functional vocabulary and core structure are a key to the spirit of the language. Learners respond to commands, questions and visual cues. Activities encourage and shape oral responses without grammatical explanation or modelling by teacher. Learners are responsible for their own learning and must develop independence, autonomy, and responsability. Teachers commonly use materials such as colored rods, color coded pronunciation and vocabulary charts. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696644 2018-07-09 03:52:09 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696644 rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696779 2018-07-09 03:54:05 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696779 Students must have commitment to his own learning process. rosinalva_ordonia https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696864 2018-07-09 03:55:33 UTC https://padlet.com/rosinalva_ordonia/qzhzd5mbkgw1/wish/269696864