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section : 210

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• islam

• ihsan

• iman

It also talks about the signs of judgement day which are not often talked about

~It is one of the Hadith 40 we often hear about

~So Hadith 40, was collected by Imam Nawawi because it is close to us and more relatable to our daily lives as a muslim.

~ Why is this hadith called “Hadith Jibril”?

• it is beacuse Jibril came to rasulullah during muhammad’s preaching era

• he came as a form of human with clean white robe and long black hair with no signs of musaffir at all

• when he met muhammad, he sat down infront of him until their knees touched

Jibril came to muhammad to ask him a few questions which he then confirmed himself muhammad’s answers are true

He asked muhammad about these topics:-

• Islam

there is no other god besides from الله and محمد is his messenger

• Iman

muslims need to have iman towards allah, rasulullah, malaikats, all the kitabs, judgement day and qada’ & qadar.

• Ihsan

worshipping god as if knowing that he sees us always

• Signs of judgement day

-When a woman gives birth to her own master

-People with no clothes, and got herders, are racing to build magnificent and tall buildings

After the strange man in disguise left them, Rasulullah asked Umar Al-Khattab does he know who that man was

And Umar said, Of course He, allah and his messenger knows best.

Muhammad then answered that, was him, Jibril.

• believing that الله has sent a prophet to every ummah to convince them to worship only الله and teach about tauheed.

Traits of a Prophet

• Truthful

• Having noble manners

• Responsible

• Having true guidance

We have to accept the guidance that has been given to us from our prophet muhammad.Believe the truth and teachings with sincerity.

Belief in the day of judgement refers to

• knowing that the life in dunia will eventually come to an end and all livings will be destroyed.

• believing that “Qiyamah” will come eventhough not knowing when and how.

Effect of belief :-

• Demonstrates the completeness, greatness, and uniqueness of allah names and attributes

• Increases the live for meeting الله in the hearts of believers

• Establishes fear from الله

• Supports a muslim in hastening towards goal deeds

• Aids in patience during times of hardships

Belief in Qada’ & Qadar

Leads to contentment and satisfaction, even in the face of hardship and adversity

Definition:-

Qadar is from the word Qadara, knew, predetermined and planned perfectly

Qada’ which means judged, ordained, executed perfectly, when things happen then it becomes Al-Qada’

4 components of Qada’ & Qadar

• Knowledge - الله knows what happened, what is happening, what will happen, and if something didn’t happen

• Writing

• Will

• Creation

  
  

َّرُّب ٱلَّسَمٰـَٰوِت َوٱَأْلْرِض َوَما َبْيَنُهَما َفٱْعُبْدُه َوٱْصَطِبْر ِلِعَبٰـَدِتِه

"Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, so worship Him and be steadfast in His worship. Do you know of anyone who is similar or equal to Him?"

Tauhid Rububiyyah

• It means acknowledging and believing that Allah is the one and only Creator, Sustainer, and Ruler of the universe. This encompasses all aspects of creation, power, and management of the world and life. Allah alone owns everything, and no other creature is equal to Him in this regard.

  
  

  Tauhid Uluhiyyah:

• It means recognizing that only Allah is worthy of worship. This signifies that all forms of worship, such as prayer, remembrance (dhikr), fasting, and all other acts of devotion, should only be performed for Allah alone. No one else should be worshipped or given reverence except Allah S.W.T.

Tauhid Asma’ wa Sifat:

• This refers to the belief that only Allah possesses perfect and pure names and attributes. Allah is characterized by attributes befitting His greatness, such as the Most Merciful, the All-Wise, and the Almighty, without resembling His created beings.

• Malaikat (angels) are spiritual beings created by Allah from light. They have specific duties assigned to them and play a vital role in the management of the universe.

Characteristics and Duties of Malaikat:

• Creation: Malaikat are created from light and are the most obedient creatures to Allah. They do not feel pride in worshipping Him, nor do they ever tire from their tasks.

• Role as Messengers: They serve as messengers of Allah, overseeing various aspects of creation and carrying out His commands.

• Discipline of Allah: The creation of malaikat reflects Allah's supreme discipline in managing the universe. While Allah has the power to do everything without them, their existence creates a more organized and structured system.

Relationship with Humans:

• Prayers and Good Wishes: When humans pray for the well-being of others, the malaikat affirm those prayers and pray for the person making the supplication as well.

• Conveying Salawat: When we send blessings (selawat) upon the Prophet Muhammad, malaikat take those blessings and convey them to Allah.

• Support in Seeking Knowledge: Malaikat spread their wings over those who gather for the sake of knowledge and learning.

Lesson in Obedience:

• We are encouraged to emulate the obedience of malaikat towards Allah, who constantly glorify Him (bertasbih) and fulfill their duties without fail.

Reference:

• The verse from Surah Al-Anbiya’ (21:19) emphasizes that everything in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah, and the malaikat in His presence are devoted to Him without pride or fatigue. This highlights their unwavering dedication to their roles as servants of Allah.

The Quran as the Ultimate Guidance:

• Al-Quran is the holy book of Islam and serves as the ultimate guide for Muslims.

• It consists of 114 surahs (chapters), covering various aspects of human life, including teachings on faith (aqidah), worship (ibadah), social transactions (muamalah), and ethics (akhlaq).

• The Quran is regarded as the most complete and perfect scripture, surpassing all previous books.

The Previous Divine Scriptures:

• Zabur: Given to Prophet Dawud (AS)

• Taurat: Given to Prophet Musa (AS)

• Injil: Given to Prophet Isa (AS)

• Al-Quran: Given to Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

Quran Confirming Previous Revelations:

Allah mentions in the Quran that He revealed it in truth, confirming the scriptures that came before, such as the Torah and the Gospel:

> "He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel." (Surah Al-Imran 3:3)

Why Should We Believe Only in the Quran?

• Unchanging Content: The Quran remains preserved and unchanged until the Day of Judgment, whereas the previous scriptures have been altered or lost.

• The Most Complete Scripture: The Quran is the most comprehensive and perfect divine book.

• Universal Revelation: Unlike previous scriptures that were specific to particular nations, the Quran was revealed for all of humanity, transcending time and place.

3 traits of someone who is Al-Muhsin

• giving goodness to other people

• giving goodness to other people with all effort and dedication

• doing point 1 and 2 for only الله

Story of Prophet Noah

allah swt gave Noah the muhsin title due to his dedication in preaching islam during his era. he gave all effort in pulling people towards the right path for 950 years. without a doubt he did all for allah swt.

Story of Prophet Ibrahim

• He preached to the one person he is closed to the most which is his own father

• Having to slaughter his own son and doing it willingly for allah

• Destroying all the idols of the kaffir

Story of Prophet Yoosuf

• Exegesis the dream of the king during his era which was :-

  7 years of droughts and 7 years of fertile

• wanted to have a responsibility to ensure that the kingdom was ready to go through the drought

• do it all for the sake of allah

Ihsan is important for the Day of Judgment because it represents the highest level of faith and worship in Islam. Ihsan, often defined as "excellence" or "perfection," is about worshipping Allah as though you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, you know He is always watching you. This state of awareness profoundly shapes a Muslim's actions and intentions, leading to greater sincerity, devotion, and ethical behavior in daily life.

Importance of Ihsan for Judgment Day:

1. Enhances Worship: Ihsan encourages Muslims to perform their acts of worship with utmost sincerity and excellence. On the Day of Judgment, deeds will be judged not only by their quantity but also by their quality and sincerity, which Ihsan embodies.

2. Consciousness of Accountability: Ihsan creates a constant awareness of Allah’s presence, motivating believers to act righteously and avoid sins, knowing they will be held accountable for every action on the Day of Judgment.

3. Moral Excellence: Living with Ihsan leads to moral integrity and ethical behavior in all aspects of life. This is crucial, as the way we treat others and conduct ourselves will weigh heavily on the scales of justice on the Day of Judgment.

4. Fulfillment of Duty to Allah and Creation: Ihsan calls for excellence not only in worship but also in dealings with other people, animals, and the environment. Being good to others and upholding justice will lead to rewards in the Hereafter.

In essence, Ihsan ensures that a Muslim’s life is lived with purpose, mindfulness, and a strong connection to Allah, all of which will be essential when one stands before Allah for judgment.

adab is good manners, morals, and appropriate actions derived from the teachings of islam.

Not just quality

• it is also a process that can be learnt and established

• Islam is to produce a man of adab

The importance of learning adab

• someone who has good manners are the signs of happiness and joy in one’s life

• while others who disrespect and have no etiquette are signs of dreadfulness and negativity in one’s life

Akhlak & Adab

• akhlak is moral philosophy

• adab is actual practices like:-

  what is proper and improper

  what is wrong and right

The story of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his efforts to guide his father, Azar, provides profound lessons in patience, kindness, and respect, especially in how children should approach their parents, even in matters of disagreement about faith.

Ibrahim’s Concern for His Father:

Prophet Ibrahim’s father was a sculptor who made idols, and the people, including his father, worshipped these idols. Ibrahim, who had received the truth about monotheism from Allah, was deeply concerned about his father’s misguided beliefs and idolatry. Despite this, Ibrahim always maintained the utmost respect in his speech and approach towards his father.

The Dialogue Between Ibrahim and His Father:

In the Quran, this respectful conversation is captured in Surah Maryam (19:42-45), where Ibrahim gently calls his father to abandon idol worship and follow the path of righteousness:

1. Gentle Address: Ibrahim begins by addressing his father lovingly, using the word "O my dear father" (يَا أَبَتِ), showing the warmth and respect he had for him, even though they were in disagreement. This highlights the importance of kindness when speaking to parents.

• “O my dear father, why do you worship what can neither hear nor see, nor benefit you at all?” (19:42)

2. Logical and Calm Argument: Ibrahim didn’t ridicule his father but tried to reason with him, asking why he worshipped idols that could neither hear, see, nor help in any way. His approach was rational and compassionate.

• “O my dear father, there has certainly come to me of knowledge that which did not come to you, so follow me; I will guide you to a straight path.” (19:43)

3. Offering Guidance with Respect: Ibrahim assures his father that he only seeks to guide him to the truth, not to humiliate him. He maintains a humble tone throughout the conversation.

• “O my dear father, do not worship Satan. Indeed, Satan has been a rebel against the Most Merciful.” (19:44)

4. Warning with Love: Ibrahim even warns his father about the consequences of idol worship, but again, he does so out of concern and love, not out of anger or frustration.

• “O my dear father, I fear that a punishment from the Most Merciful will touch you, and you will become a companion of Satan.” (19:45)

The Father’s Response:

Despite Ibrahim’s respectful approach, his father responded harshly and threatened to stone him unless he stopped preaching. Even after such a severe reaction, Ibrahim did not lose his temper or show disrespect. Instead, he replied peacefully:

• “Peace be upon you. I will ask forgiveness for you from my Lord. Indeed, He is ever gracious to me.” (19:47)

  
  

This response demonstrates exemplary manners in the face of opposition. Ibrahim remained calm and dignified, continuing to wish good for his father, even as his father rejected his message.

Lessons in Manners Toward Parents:

1. Gentleness and Respect: Ibrahim consistently addressed his father with love and respect, even when they disagreed on matters of faith.

2. Patience and Compassion: Despite his father's hostility, Ibrahim never showed anger or disrespect. Instead, he remained patient and compassionate, seeking his father’s well-being.

3. Duty to Guide with Wisdom: Ibrahim’s efforts to guide his father reflect a deep sense of duty, not just as a son but as a prophet. He used wisdom, logic, and gentle persuasion rather than force or harshness.

The story of Ibrahim’s interaction with his father is a reminder that respecting parents is a core value in Islam, even when they may not share the same beliefs. It emphasizes that guidance should be given with love, patience, and kindness, never with anger or disrespect.

Start with fun activities like playing games to create a relaxed atmosphere and help everyone feel more comfortable while getting to know one another better.

Renewing Our Intentions Daily:

Make it a habit to renew your intentions each day so that every activity runs smoothly and is done with sincerity, seeking Allah’s pleasure.

Surah Az-Zariyat, Ayah 56-57:

And I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me. I do not seek provision from them, nor do I need them to feed me.

This verse reminds us that Allah does not need our worship; rather, we are the ones who need Allah. Our acts of worship and good deeds are for our own benefit, to strengthen our connection with Him.

Ihsan (Excellence in Worship):

Worship Allah as though you see Him, and even if you do not see Him, know that He certainly sees you. Practicing Ihsan brings sincerity and mindfulness into every action, reminding us that Allah is always aware of our intentions and deeds.

1. Taharah (Purification): Wudu and Tayammum

Wudu (Ablution):

A ritual washing required before performing Salah. It involves washing specific body parts (hands, mouth, nose, face, arms, head, ears, and feet) in a specific order. Wudu symbolizes both physical and spiritual cleanliness, preparing a person to stand before Allah.

Tayammum (Dry Ablution):

A substitute for wudu when water is unavailable or harmful to use (due to illness, for example). Tayammum is performed by striking clean soil or dust with the hands and wiping the face and hands. It highlights the flexibility and ease within Islamic teachings.

2. Conditions for the Acceptance (Sah) of Salah

For Salah to be valid, certain conditions must be met before starting the prayer:

Purity: Ensuring the body, clothes, and place of prayer are clean.

Facing the Qiblah:

Directing oneself towards the Kaaba in Makkah.

Covering the awrah:

Wearing modest clothing that covers the necessary parts of the body.

Correct Timing:

Performing Salah within its prescribed time.

Intention (Niyyah):

Having a sincere and clear intention to pray for Allah’s sake.

Sanity and Maturity:

The individual must be of sound mind and, in the case of obligations, have reached the age of maturity (puberty).

3. Pillars of Salah (Arkan as-Salah)

These are essential actions within Salah. Missing any of these pillars invalidates the prayer:

Takbiratul Ihram: Saying Allahu Akbar begin the prayer.

Standing (Qiyam): Standing during obligatory parts of the prayer (if able).

Recitation of Al-Fatihah: Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah in every unit (rakaah).

Ruku(Bowing): Bending at the waist with hands on knees, keeping the back straight.

Itidal: Standing up straight after ruku.

Sujud (Prostration): Bowing with forehead, nose, palms, knees, and toes touching the ground.

Sitting between Sujud: Sitting briefly between the two prostrations.

Final Tashahhud: Reciting the testimony of faith at the end of Salah.

Taslim: Ending the prayer by turning the head to the right and left, saying Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullah

Maintaining the Sequence: Performing all the actions in the correct order.

4. Application of Salah Based on Situations

Qasr (Shortening Prayers):

When traveling, certain prayers (Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha) can be shortened from four rakaahs to two. This ease is a mercy from Allah to accommodate the difficulties of travel.

Jama (Combining Prayers):

In cases of travel, illness, or hardship, two prayers can be combined (e.g., Dhuhr with Asr or Maghrib with Isha) either at the earlier or later time.

Nawafil (Voluntary Prayers):

These are additional prayers beyond the obligatory ones, offering extra rewards. Examples include Tahajjud (night prayer), Dhuha (mid-morning prayer), and Rawatib (regular sunnah prayers before or after obligatory prayers).

Salah During Illness:

If someone is sick or physically unable to perform the standard prayer movements, they can modify their Salah. For example:

Praying while sitting if standing is too difficult.

Praying while lying down if sitting is not possible.

Using eye movements or gestures if unable to physically move.

Khushu(Concentration and Humility in Salah)

Khushu refers to having full focus, humility, and devotion during Salah. It involves:

Mindfulness: Being present mentally and spiritually, understanding the words being recited.

Inner Peace: Feeling a deep connection with Allah, avoiding distractions.

Humility: Recognizing one’s dependence on Allah and submitting fully to His will.

Achieving Khushu enhances the quality of Salah and makes it a powerful tool in transforming a person’s life and character.

These topics aim to strengthen both the practical aspects of performing Salah correctly and the spiritual aspects of deepening one’s connection with Allah.

The first virtue is Al-Ta’ah, which refers to submission and loyalty to Allah. Through Salah, a person expresses complete obedience and devotion, aligning their will with the commands of Allah. This constant practice of submission fosters a sense of discipline and loyalty in all aspects of life.

Next is Al-Jihad, not in the sense of physical struggle, but as the internal struggle in the path of Allah. Performing Salah with Khushu requires battling distractions and personal weaknesses, nurturing the spiritual strength to overcome life’s challenges and temptations.

Muhasabah, or reflection, is another key virtue. Salah provides moments of quiet introspection, allowing a person to reflect on their deeds, seek forgiveness, and strive for self-improvement. This regular self-assessment is crucial for personal growth and maintaining a strong connection with Allah.

The virtue of ‘Iffah emphasizes modesty and self-restraint from sinful behavior. The humility and discipline developed in Salah naturally extend to everyday conduct, encouraging modesty in speech, dress, and actions, while helping to avoid behaviors that are displeasing to Allah.

Finally, Tawadhu’ signifies humility and humbleness. Standing before Allah in prayer reminds a person of their dependence on Him, fostering a sense of humility. This awareness reduces arrogance and cultivates respectful and compassionate interactions with others.

Together, these virtues highlight how Salah with Khushu’ not only fulfills a religious obligation but also shapes a person’s character, leading to a life rooted in submission, reflection, humility, and moral integrity.

The first virtue is Sabr, which represents patience and forbearance. Fasting teaches individuals to endure hunger, thirst, and other desires from dawn until sunset, fostering resilience and control over one’s impulses. This patience extends beyond Ramadan, influencing how a person handles daily challenges, stress, and adversity with calmness and perseverance.

Next is Takrim, which stands for respect and deference. Fasting instills a heightened awareness of Allah’s commands and encourages respectful interactions with others. By practicing self-restraint and mindfulness during fasting, individuals develop greater sensitivity toward others feelings and circumstances, promoting mutual respect within families and communities.

Lastly, Rahmah refers to friendliness and compassion. Experiencing hunger firsthand through fasting fosters empathy for those less fortunate, encouraging acts of kindness, generosity, and a stronger sense of community. This compassion extends beyond Ramadan, influencing Muslims to consistently support and care for others in need.

Collectively, these virtues ”patience, respect, and compassion highlight how Sawm shapes a Muslim’s character, promoting not just self-discipline, but also harmonious and compassionate relationships within society.

Literal Meaning:

The word Zakah literally means growth, increase, cleanliness, and betterment. It signifies the purification of wealth and soul.

Technical Meaning:

Zakah refers to a specific portion of wealth prescribed by Allah (SWT) to be distributed among certain deserving categories, such as the poor, the needy, and others mentioned in the Quran.

Difference from Taxes:

Unlike taxes imposed by governments, Zakah is a spiritual obligation in Islam. It promotes purification of wealth, encourages social responsibility, and fosters community solidarity.

Quranic Basis of Zakah

One of the important verses highlighting the virtues of Zakah is Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 277:

Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakah will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve

(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:277)

This verse shows that faith (iman), righteous deeds, prayer (salah), and Zakah are interconnected pillars leading to Allah’s pleasure. Those who fulfill these duties will receive their reward from Allah, and they will be free from fear and grief both in this world and the hereafter.

Key Virtues of Zakah

1. Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)

Zakah trains Muslims to rely on Allah (SWT) rather than becoming attached to material wealth.

It reassures believers that whatever is given in Allah’s cause will be replaced by Him with something better.

As Allah promises in the Quran, giving for His sake purifies wealth and brings spiritual growth.

2. Ukhuwah

Zakah fosters a sense of brotherhood among Muslims by ensuring that the needs of the less fortunate are met.

It bridges the gap between the rich and the poor, promoting compassion and mutual support within the community.

As the Prophet (SAW) said:

A Muslim is a brother of another Muslim. He does not oppress him nor abandon him

(Sahih al-Bukhari)

3. Purification and Growth

Zakah is not just a financial transaction; it is a means of purifying the soul from greed and selfishness.

It also cleanses wealth, ensuring that it is earned and spent in a halal (permissible) way.

In Surah At-Tawbah (9:103), Allah says:

Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase

Conclusion

Zakah is not just a financial obligation but a spiritual and social act of worship that brings countless benefits to both the giver and the receiver.

It nurtures reliance on Allah (Tawakkul) and strengthens the bonds of brotherhood (Ukhuwah) within the Muslim community.

Observing Zakah is essential for building a harmonious, just, and righteous society, in line with the teachings of Islam.

Translation:

Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows that which you do.

Tadabbur:

• Salah is not just a ritual; it serves as a shield against immoral behavior and wrongdoing (munkar).

• Regular prayer reminds us of Allah’s presence in our lives and guides us to live righteously.

• The remembrance of Allah (dhikr) during Salah is the greatest aspect, as it keeps our hearts connected to Him in all aspects of life.

2. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183) Sawm (Fasting)

Translation:

O you who have believed, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may attain Taqwa (consciousness of Allah).

Tadabbur :

• Fasting is not just about abstaining from food and drink; it is designed to cultivate taqwa (God-consciousness).

• It teaches self-restraint, patience, and empathy for those in need.

• The ultimate goal is to help believers become mindful of Allah in all actions, even beyond Ramadan.

3. Surah At-Tawbah (9:103) Zakah (Charity)

Translation:

Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke blessings upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.

Tadabbur :

• Zakah purifies wealth and the soul, cleansing greed and selfishness.

• It also brings growth (tazkiyah) not just financially but spiritually.

• The act of giving benefits both the giver and the receiver, creating social harmony and strengthening the community.

4. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197) Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Translation:

The Hajj is [during] well-known months, so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of Ihram], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations, no disobedience, and no disputing during Hajj. And whatever good you do Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is Taqwa. So fear Me, O you of understanding.

Tadabbur :

• Hajj is a journey of purification and self-discipline. Pilgrims are reminded to avoid inappropriate behavior, disobedience, and arguments.

• The journey symbolizes detachment from worldly life and complete submission to Allah.

• The most important provision is not material goods but taqwa being mindful of Allah in all circumstances.

Conclusion: Common Themes Across These Acts of Ibadah

• Taqwa (God-consciousness): Whether through Salah, Sawm, Zakah, or Hajj, the ultimate goal is to develop a deeper connection with Allah.

• Purification: All these acts serve to purify both the body and soul, helping believers maintain moral and spiritual integrity.

• Social and Personal Growth: They foster personal discipline and contribute to the betterment of society, encouraging unity, compassion, and justice.