https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq en-us 2023-10-01 10:59:31 UTC 2023-10-11 01:10:54 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2161555800/8ffa1a8c10ce7c889c4c284ba5596400/Flag_Indonesia_jpg.webp chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727825745 From my own understanding, health refers to the state of well-being of a person, not just in terms of physical health but also taking into consideration of other factors including mental, social, spiritual and environmental health. To me, health is a harmonious balance of all these dimensions, each having influence on one another. I am proud to say that I am blessed to be able to live in an environment where health is taken into great consideration, and I am blessed to be able to do the things I love, such as listening to my favourite music, eating my favourite food etc., in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. I believe that having a healthy life is essential, as it enables the individual to have a joyful and fulfilled life.]]> 2023-10-02 01:05:40 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727825745 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727869744 In my opinion, the competency standard that was most relevant is competency 12.3, which highlights ethical principles that serves as a guide to a culturally safe nursing care. 

Having read through this guideline, I have learnt how vital it is that these principles are adhered to and utilised. For example, effective communications is important as to not only provide language proficiency in order to effectively communicate to refugees and migrants, but also the ability to deliver empathy, respect, and understanding of one's culture and background. 

This skill is essential and must be utilised within the workforce as it not only advocates for social inclusion and cultural respect, but can also significantly impact a patient's health decisions and outcomes. 

Alison Coelho, Deborah Colville et. al,. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf]]> 2023-10-02 02:08:49 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727869744 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727881502 Country focus: Afghanistan
Since 2013, more than 23,000 people from Afghanistan have fled to seek refuge in Australia to escape from the Taliban's insurgency (2023, Refugee Council of Australia). Every year, there is an estimate of around 800 Afghans that have successfully been granted onshore protection in Australia, making them one of the top countries who seek refuge to Australia (2023, Refugee Council of Australia).

Three common health concerns listed on the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide that may affect people arriving from Afghanistan are Tuberculosis, Malaria and mental health issues.

Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major health concerns Afghans are facing currently, with over 392,272 confirmed cases in 2017 (2017. WHO). This is mostly due to overcrowded living conditions and limited access to good quality healthcare. One treatment available to refugees migrating to Australia with positive TB is by taking anti-bacterial medications everyday for a duration of up to 6 to 12 months, and be isolated to prevent the disease from spreading. Children who migrated from Afghanistan should also be vaccinated to prevent TB from occurring.

Malaria:
Malaria is a life-threatening vector-borne disease that has become endemic in Afghanistan, with around 150,000 cases reported in 2019 (2022, NHM). Malaria is often associated to stagnant water and climatic factors. A treatment available for Afghanistan refugees with Malaria is Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies (ACTs), an anti-drug for uncomplicated malaria (2022, NHM). Fortunately, malaria is not a contagious disease, meaning that no isolation is required for Afghanistan refugees.

Mental Health Issues:
The population in Afghanistan has been exposed to many traumatic events including poor living conditions, malnutrition, extreme poverty, infectious diseases, and armed conflicts resulting in many deaths, which contributed to high rates of mental health issues, such post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Treating mental illness among refugees requires a holistic and culturally sensitive approach that recognizes the unique challenges and experiences that refugees face. Health professionals should consider cultural competence, trauma-informed care and language access when undergoing assessment with the Afghan refugees.



Refugee Council of Australia. (2022). Australia’s treatment of Afghan refugees. https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/australias-treatment-of-afghan-refugees-how-their-date-and-mode-of-arrival-matters-more-than-their-persecution/

WHO. (2017). Tuberculosis in Afghanistan. https://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/stop-tuberculosis-stb.html

Humna Aamar, Javeria Arif Siddiqu, et. al. (2022). Malaria in Afghanistan: Challenges, efforts and recommendations. National Library of Medicine.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9381426/#:~:text=With%2060%25%20of%20the%20population,(P.v.)%20%5B10%5D.]]> 2023-10-02 02:24:25 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727881502 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727891813
WHO. (2023) Social Determinants of Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health]]> 2023-10-02 02:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2727891813 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737548566
Gamelan is a type of music genre originated in Bali and Java. This music one of the most iconic and popular aspects of Indonesian culture, and has a rich history which dates back to year AD 230 (2023, Britannica). It is known to be a sacred amongst the people of Indonesia, as they believe that when played, it releases supernatural powers guided by spirits that reside within the sound. 

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "gamelan". Encyclopedia Britannica, (2023), https://www.britannica.com/art/gamelan]]> 2023-10-09 03:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737548566 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737556152 The Indonesian government recognises six religions within the Indonesian community: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. (2023, Original Travel). Muslims are a large majority (85%), with almost all practicing the Sunni branch of Islam, hence why Indonesia is known to be the country of Islam. 

I, as a Muslim who only migrated to Australia recently, have struggled to maintain practicing religious belief whilst adjusting to Australian lifestyle. As Muslims need to pray 5 times a day within a specific time range, I find it difficult to create time for myself to practice my prayers during school and work hours. This is why advocating cultural and religious inclusivity is important

(2016). Masjid Agung Al Azhar Kebayoran Baru - Jakarta Selatan. AYO Ke Masjid https://bujanglanang.blogspot.com/2019/09/masjid-agung-al-azhar-kebayoran-baru.html]]> 2023-10-09 04:11:26 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737556152 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737568001 Klepon is a sweet rice cake filled with traditional Javanese sugar and coated with shredded coconut. This light snack is one of the most popular desserts of Indonesia and often found at morning and afternoon markets of Indonesia.]]> 2023-10-09 04:28:00 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737568001 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737569419 Wayang kulit is a traditional form of puppet-shadow play originally found in Java and Bali. It involves puppets, traditionally made from buffalo or cowhide, and are flat and translucent, allowing them to cast shadows against the screen when light is shown on them.

Yoair's Blog. (2023). Wayang: Traditional Shadow Puppet Theatre From Ancient Indonesia. https://www.yoair.com/blog/wayang-traditional-shadow-puppet-theatre-from-ancient-indonesia/]]> 2023-10-09 04:30:17 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737569419 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737793755 Jamu is a traditional Indonesian medicine originated in Central Java. It is made from roots, herbs, flowers, bark and spices. An alternative to the ingredients would be turmeric, ginger, honey and lime. It is usually served as a hot beverage, which can uplift illness such as cold and flu.]]> 2023-10-09 08:35:58 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2737793755 chiquitafahma https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2738908656 The Siraman is one of the most common cultural rituals done in traditional Indonesian weddings, originating from Javanese culture. The process involves a jug of water filled with 7 holiest water from around the world and various flower petals. This mixed waster is carefully poured onto the bride by her parents to symbolise family cooperation and hope for continuous family heritage. 

Bridestory. (2015). Guide to the traditional wedding procession: The Javanese Siraman. https://www.bridestory.com/blog/guide-to-the-traditional-wedding-procession-the-javanese-siraman]]> 2023-10-10 00:10:51 UTC https://padlet.com/chiquitafahma/qxcgnzsdw9llg0vq/wish/2738908656