Pharm 2300 by https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277 Discussion Board 2 en-us 2022-02-02 00:34:39 UTC 2026-02-07 09:53:48 UTC hello@padlet.com 1. The two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028017961 The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic system is associated with the fight-or-flight response, and parasympathetic activity is referred to by the epithet of rest and digest. Homeostasis is the balance between the two systems. At each target effector, dual innervation determines activity. For example, the heart receives connections from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. One causes heart rate to increase, whereas the other causes heart rate to decrease.

Source]]> 2022-02-03 17:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028017961 2. The neurotransmitters for the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Pathways nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028052671 The Sympathetic Nervous system: Acetylcholine (ACH), Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (EPI), Dopamine (DA).
The Parasympathetic Nervous System: Acetylcholine (ACH).

Source: Unit 2 ANS Part 1 and 2 Lectures

]]> 2022-02-03 17:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028052671 3. Locations where the NT is released for each division of the ANS nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028446059 Acetylcholine (ACH)- for the parasympathetic nervous system, this is released at the ganglia and at the postganglionic nerve endings. In the sympathetic nervous system, it is released at the ganglia.
Norepinephrine (NE)- for the sympathetic nervous system it is released in the postganglionic nerve endings.
Epinephrine (EPI)- it is released from the Adrenal Medulla during sympathetic stimulation.

Source]]> 2022-02-03 21:52:57 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028446059 4. Locations of the ANS Receptors nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028457911 Cholinergic and Adrenergic are the two types of receptors in the autonomic nervous system.
- Within the Cholinergic receptors there are also two types: Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors. They are found in different locations. The Nicotinic receptors are found in neuromuscular junctions and are also found in neurons. While the Muscarinic receptors are found on cells of sweat glands and also in cells in all parasympathetic effectors.
- The Adrenergic receptors also have two types of receptors, Alpha and Beta receptors. Adrenergic receptors can be found on effector cells along tissue and organs in the sympathetic nervous system.

Source]]> 2022-02-03 22:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028457911 5. End of Organ Response that occurs when each transmitter is stimulated nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028472733 Adrenal Medulla
- Sympathetic effect is the release of Epinephrine. The parasympathetic effect is none.
Arteries
- Sympathetic effect is vasoconstriction. The parasympathetic effect that most arteries are not supplied by these nerves.
Heart
- Sympathetic effect is an increase heart rate and atrioventricular conduction. The parasympathetic effect is a decrease heart rate and atrioventricular conduction.
Intestines
- Sympathetic effect is decreased secretion and gastrointestinal motility. The parasympathetic effect is increased secretion and gastrointestinal motility.
Eyes
- Sympathetic effect is dilation. The parasympathetic effect is constriction.
Urinary Bladder
- Sympathetic effect is contraction. The parasympathetic effect is relaxations.

Source]]> 2022-02-03 22:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028472733 6. Drug Classification for each division: including receptors interacted with and action that occurs. nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028493155 Sympathetic:
* Adrenergic Agonists:
   - Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: Alpha-1 stimulated, increased blood pressure and decongestant effect.
   - Adrenergic Agonists: All alpha and beta receptors are stimulated, increase blood pressure, cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator.
   - Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: stimulates D-1 in kidneys which increase the flow of renal blood. Stimulates the Beta-1 which increases cardiac output. Stimulates alpha-1 which increases blood pressure.
   - Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: Beta-2 is stimulated. It causes bronchodilation and relaxation of smooth muscles of uterus.
   - Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: binds to the aplha-1 which causes to relax smooth muscles, decrease blood pressure, and increase urine flow.
   - Beta- Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: Beta-1 receptors blocked causing decreased cardiac output, decreased HR, decreased conduction, and decreased blood pressure.

Parasympathetic:
*Cholinergic Agonists
   - Direct acting cholinergic agonists: stimulates/binds to muscarinic. Causes pupil constrictions, decrease intraocular pressure, prevents constipation and urinary retention.
   -Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists: inhibits acetylcholinesterase. Causes urinary retention and intestinal stasis.
*Anticholinergics
   - binds to cholinergic. Causes increased HR, decreased vagus nerve activity, decreased GI secretions and motility, and bronchodilation. 

Source: Unit 2 ANS Part 1 Lecture]]> 2022-02-03 22:39:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028493155 7. Specific Drug Examples nicolebradley2 https://padlet.com/nicolebradley2/quqm95v95gus7277/wish/2028502909 Sympathetic
* Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: ephedrine and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
* Adrenergic Agonist: epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
* Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: dobutamine
* Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: formoterol (Foradil®), albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®), terbutaline (Brethine®), salmeterol (Serevent®)
* Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: prazosin (Minipress®), terazosin (Hytrin®), doxazosin (Cardura®)
* Beta- Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: nonselective: nadolol (Corgard®), propanolol (Inderol®), timolol (Blocadren®) Selective: atenolol (Tenormin®), metoprolol (Lopressor®)

Parasympathetic
* Direct acting cholinergic agonists: acetylcholine, pilocarpine (Pilocar®), bethanechol (Urecholine®)
* Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists: neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
* Anticholinergics: atropine

Source: Unit 2 ANS Lecture Drug List
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