Irradiated Food by https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1 Nur Safura, Izzaty Aisyah, Nurul Izzah, Siti Nur Adleena, Aiman Nasuha, Nur Nadhirah, Nur Farhana, Muhammad Luqman Hakim en-us 2021-06-11 13:25:07 UTC 2021-06-13 08:58:47 UTC hello@padlet.com IRRADIATED FOOD akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601058818 2021-06-11 13:37:22 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601058818 SOURCES akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601061756 2021-06-11 13:38:33 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601061756 ADVANTAGES akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601063233
  • extended shelf life of some products.
  • less food spoilage.
  • reduced risk of food-borne diseases caused by micro-organisms such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli and Listeria (especially in meat, poultry and fish).
  • less need for pesticides.
  • less need for some additives, such as preservatives and antioxidants.
  • lower risk of importing or exporting insect pests hidden inside food products.
  • reduced need for toxic chemical treatments, such as those used to kill bacteria found in some spices.
  • as an alternative to current treatment for disinfecting imported fruits, grains and vegetables, which uses an ozone-depleting gas.
  • reduced sprouting in potatoes, onions, herbs and spices.

    • ]]>     2021-06-11 13:39:07 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601063233     Gamma Rays akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601068068
  • Generated from spontaneous disintegration of radioisotopes
  • Emitted by a cobalt-60 (Co60) and cesium 137 (Cs137), leads to ruptures of chemical bonds in their interaction with the matter of living organisms
  • It penetrate the food and kill bacteria and other infectious organisms to prevent them from dividing and growing. 
    • ]]>     2021-06-11 13:41:06 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601068068     X Rays akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601069353
  • Produced by reflecting a high-energy stream of electrons off a target substance (usually one of the heavy metals) into food.
  • Fight against foodborne illness, delay fruit ripening, inhibit sprouting, seed germination, insect infestation & worm contamination in meat.
  • Maximum energy: 5 MeV
    • ]]>     2021-06-11 13:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601069353     Accelerated electron akimlh98 https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601072817
  • Use to treat food & food ingredients to eliminate microbial pathogens or to sterilize food ingredients.
  • Most common used:
    1. Electron gun: convert energy --> high energy electron.
    2. Electron accelerator: accelerate the speed of electron to the speed of light.
    • Amount of energy produced can be adjusted.
    • Max energy: 10MeV
    ]]>     2021-06-11 13:42:59 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1601072817     Advantages a_nasuha https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452399
  • Up to 95% of its emitted energy is available for use. 
  • Considered to pose low risk to the environment. 
  • Able to penetrate most solid and liquid. 

    • Disadvantages
    • Cobalt-60 pencils (stainless steel tubes) require frequent replenishment. 
    •  Cannot be turned off. 
    ]]>     2021-06-12 12:03:28 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452399     Advantages a_nasuha https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452790
  • They can be turned on only as needed and off when not in use. 
  • They do not require replenishment of the source as does cobalt-60 
  • There is no radioactive waste 
    • Disadvantages
    • High electric power consumption. 
    • Complex and potentially high maintenance 
    ]]>     2021-06-12 12:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452790     Advantages a_nasuha https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452824
  • Better penetrability compared to electron beam 
  • To help improve energy as higher  energies have technical  advantages, such as satisfactory power utilization and increased dose uniformity.
  • Help improved quality of the product

    • Disadvantages
    • The efficiency of conversion from electrons to X rays is generally less then 10% 
    • Relatively high cost and the need for high voltage power supplies to generate X-rays
    • Operators may be exposed to harmful levels of radiation from X-ray inspection systems.
    ]]>     2021-06-12 12:04:19 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602452824     MECHANISM adleenadzmi https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602494636
  • Damage to DNA - When irradiation reaches the DNA molecule directly, the molecular structure of DNA is disrupted, resulting in cell damage or cell death.
  • Bacteria - Irradiation cause the breakdown of chemical bonds in the bacteria which causes the microorganisms to die or stop reproducing, resulting in less disease or spoilage.
  • Water molecules - Causes radiolysis (decomposition of water) which produces a very reactive free radical that reacts with DNA and resulting in the impairment of function or cell death
  • Enzymes - Irradiation cause inhibition of enzymes activity due to the chemical changes in enzyme molecules 
    • ]]>     2021-06-12 13:16:59 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602494636     EFFECT faaaafarrridznr https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602602022 1. Various effects can be produced depending on the absorbed radiation dose.
    • At lower dosages, ionising irradiation is one of the food preservation procedures that causes the least amount of disruption to the functional, nutritional, and sensory aspects of food products.
    • When exposed to ionising radiation dosages of up to 10 kGy, macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids remain relatively stable.
    • However, high-dose irradiation, especially above 10 kGy, can cause physicochemical changes in foods as well as a considerable loss of sensory qualities. 
      - Accelerate the development of off-odour in fat due to autooxidation (meat exposed to 20 - 60 kGy).
    2. Micronutrients, in particular vitamins, they are sensitive to any processing technique. 
    • The fat-soluble vitamins are destroyed by radiation technologies, and the water-soluble vitamins are labile to any process technique.
    • Vitamin loss especially thiamine (B1), vitamin A, C, and E (fat soluble vitamin); vitamin E up to 25%, C up to 10% (1 kGy).
    ]]>     2021-06-12 15:33:55 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1602602022     Application of irradiation in food industry bruhitszaty https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1603128805
  • Inhibiting sprouting (potato, onion, garlic).
  • Delay ripening process of plant.
  • Absolute sterilization: food for space program and immune deficient hospital patients.
  • Insect disinfestation: insect sterilization & prevent proliferation. 
    • ]]>     2021-06-13 07:23:53 UTC https://padlet.com/a_nasuha/qtojrgb7e6xxogr1/wish/1603128805